"aróyō" meaning in All languages combined

See aróyō on Wiktionary

Verb [Proto-Hellenic]

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti, with restored laryngeal from *h₂erh₃- by analogy with other derivatives of it. Etymology templates: {{root|grk-pro|ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-}}, {{inh|grk-pro|ine-pro|*h₂éryeti}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti Head templates: {{head|grk-pro|verb}} *aróyō Inflection templates: {{grk-conj-pres-them|imp=ároye|stem=aróy|stem2=aroy}}, {{grk-conj-imperf-them|stem=éaroy|stem2=earóy|stem3=earoy}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], aróyehen [active, infinitive], aróyonts [active, participle], aróyō [first-person, indicative, singular], aróyehi [indicative, second-person, singular], aróyei [active, indicative, singular, third-person], aróyowos [active, dual, first-person, indicative], aróyowes [active, dual, first-person, indicative], aróyowen [active, dual, first-person, indicative], aróyetes [active, dual, indicative, second-person], aróyetos [active, dual, indicative, second-person], aróyeton [active, dual, indicative, second-person], aróyetes [active, dual, indicative, third-person], aróyetos [active, dual, indicative, third-person], aróyeton [active, dual, indicative, third-person], aróyomes [active, first-person, indicative, plural], aróyomen [active, first-person, indicative, plural], aróyete [active, indicative, plural, second-person], aróyonti [active, indicative, plural, third-person], aróyō [first-person, singular, subjunctive], aróyēhi [second-person, singular, subjunctive], aróyēi [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], aróyōwos [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], aróyōwes [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], aróyōwen [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], aróyētes [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], aróyētos [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], aróyēton [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], aróyētes [active, dual, subjunctive, third-person], aróyētos [active, dual, subjunctive, third-person], aróyēton [active, dual, subjunctive, third-person], aróyōmes [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], aróyōmen [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], aróyēte [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], aróyōnti [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], aróyoyə [first-person, optative, singular], aróyois [optative, second-person, singular], aróyoi [active, optative, singular, third-person], aróyoiwen [active, dual, first-person, optative], aróyoiton [active, dual, optative, second-person], aroyóitān [active, dual, optative, third-person], aróyoimen [active, first-person, optative, plural], aróyoite [active, optative, plural, second-person], aróyoyen [active, optative, plural, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], ároye [imperative, second-person, singular], aroyétō [active, imperative, singular, third-person], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], aróyeton [active, dual, imperative, second-person], aroyétōn [active, dual, imperative, third-person], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], aróyete [active, imperative, plural, second-person], aroyóntōn [active, imperative, plural, third-person], aróyestʰai [infinitive, middle-voice, passive], aroyómenos [middle-voice, participle, passive], aróyomai [first-person, indicative, singular], aróyehai [indicative, second-person, singular], aróyetai [indicative, middle-voice, passive, singular, third-person], aróyestʰa [dual, first-person, indicative, middle-voice, passive], aróyestʰon [dual, indicative, middle-voice, passive, second-person], aróyestʰon [dual, indicative, middle-voice, passive, third-person], aroyómestʰa [first-person, indicative, middle-voice, passive, plural], aróyestʰe [indicative, middle-voice, passive, plural, second-person], aróyontai [indicative, middle-voice, passive, plural, third-person], aróyōmai [first-person, singular, subjunctive], aróyēhai [second-person, singular, subjunctive], aróyētai [middle-voice, passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], aróyēstʰa [dual, first-person, middle-voice, passive, subjunctive], aróyēstʰon [dual, middle-voice, passive, second-person, subjunctive], aróyēstʰon [dual, middle-voice, passive, subjunctive, third-person], aroyṓmestʰa [first-person, middle-voice, passive, plural, subjunctive], aróyēstʰe [middle-voice, passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], aróyōntai [middle-voice, passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], aroyóimān [first-person, optative, singular], aróyoyyo [optative, second-person, singular], aróyoito [middle-voice, optative, passive, singular, third-person], aroyóiwetʰa [dual, first-person, middle-voice, optative, passive], aróyoistʰon [dual, middle-voice, optative, passive, second-person], aroyóistʰān [dual, middle-voice, optative, passive, third-person], aroyóimetʰa [first-person, middle-voice, optative, passive, plural], aróyoistʰe [middle-voice, optative, passive, plural, second-person], aróyointo [middle-voice, optative, passive, plural, third-person], aróyeho [imperative, second-person, singular], aroyéstʰō [imperative, middle-voice, passive, singular, third-person], - [dual, first-person, imperative, middle-voice, passive], aróyestʰon [dual, imperative, middle-voice, passive, second-person], aroyéstʰōn [dual, imperative, middle-voice, passive, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, middle-voice, passive, plural], aróyestʰe [imperative, middle-voice, passive, plural, second-person], aroyéstʰōn [imperative, middle-voice, passive, plural, third-person], no-table-tags [table-tags], éaroyon [active, first-person, indicative, singular], éaroyes [active, indicative, second-person, singular], éaroye [active, indicative, singular, third-person], earóyowe [active, dual, first-person, indicative], earóyeton [active, dual, indicative, second-person], earoyétān [active, dual, indicative, third-person], earóyomes [active, first-person, indicative, plural], earóyomen [active, first-person, indicative, plural], earóyete [active, indicative, plural, second-person], éaroyon [active, indicative, plural, third-person], earoyómān [first-person, indicative, middle-voice, passive, singular], earóyeho [indicative, middle-voice, passive, second-person, singular], earóyeto [indicative, middle-voice, passive, singular, third-person], earóyetʰa [dual, first-person, indicative, middle-voice, passive], earóyestʰon [dual, indicative, middle-voice, passive, second-person], earoyéstʰān [dual, indicative, middle-voice, passive, third-person], earoyómetʰa [first-person, indicative, middle-voice, passive, plural], earóyestʰe [indicative, middle-voice, passive, plural, second-person], earóyonto [indicative, middle-voice, passive, plural, third-person]
  1. to plough, to till Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-aróyō-grk-pro-verb-2Vvl3Gt0 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Hellenic entries with incorrect language header
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "ἀρόω"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἀρόω (aróō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: ἀρόω (aróō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmy",
            "2": "𐀀𐀫𐀄𐀨",
            "ts": "aroura"
          },
          "expansion": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀀𐀫𐀄𐀨 (a-ro-u-ra /⁠aroura⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀀𐀫𐀄𐀨 (a-ro-u-ra /⁠aroura⁠/)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grk-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂erh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grk-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂éryeti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti, with restored laryngeal from *h₂erh₃- by analogy with other derivatives of it.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grk-conj-pres-them",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyehen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyonts",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyehi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyowos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyowes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyowen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyetes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyetos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyeton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyetes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyetos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyeton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyomes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyomen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyonti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēhi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōwos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōwes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyētes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyētos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyētes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyētos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōmes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōmen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōnti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoyə",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoiwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "optative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoiton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyóitān",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoimen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoyen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ároye",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyétō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyeton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyétōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyóntōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyestʰai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyómenos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle-voice",
        "participle",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyomai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyehai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyetai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyestʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyestʰon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyestʰon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyómestʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyestʰe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyontai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōmai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēhai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyētai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēstʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēstʰon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēstʰon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyṓmestʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēstʰe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōntai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyóimān",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoyyo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoito",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle-voice",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyóiwetʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "middle-voice",
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoistʰon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle-voice",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyóistʰān",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle-voice",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyóimetʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle-voice",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoistʰe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle-voice",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyointo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle-voice",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyeho",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyéstʰō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyestʰon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyéstʰōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyestʰe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyéstʰōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grk-conj-imperf-them",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éaroyon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éaroyes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éaroye",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyowe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyeton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earoyétān",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyomes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyomen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éaroyon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earoyómān",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyeho",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyeto",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyetʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyestʰon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earoyéstʰān",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earoyómetʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyestʰe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyonto",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grk-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*aróyō",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "imp": "ároye",
        "stem": "aróy",
        "stem2": "aroy"
      },
      "name": "grk-conj-pres-them"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "éaroy",
        "stem2": "earóy",
        "stem3": "earoy"
      },
      "name": "grk-conj-imperf-them"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
  "lang_code": "grk-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/aróyō",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Hellenic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to plough, to till"
      ],
      "id": "en-aróyō-grk-pro-verb-2Vvl3Gt0",
      "links": [
        [
          "plough",
          "plough"
        ],
        [
          "till",
          "till"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "aróyō"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "ἀρόω"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἀρόω (aróō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: ἀρόω (aróō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmy",
            "2": "𐀀𐀫𐀄𐀨",
            "ts": "aroura"
          },
          "expansion": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀀𐀫𐀄𐀨 (a-ro-u-ra /⁠aroura⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀀𐀫𐀄𐀨 (a-ro-u-ra /⁠aroura⁠/)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grk-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂erh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grk-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂éryeti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti, with restored laryngeal from *h₂erh₃- by analogy with other derivatives of it.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grk-conj-pres-them",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyehen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyonts",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyehi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyowos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyowes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyowen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyetes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyetos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyeton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyetes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyetos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyeton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyomes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyomen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyonti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēhi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōwos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōwes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyētes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyētos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyētes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyētos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōmes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōmen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōnti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoyə",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoiwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "optative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoiton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyóitān",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoimen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoyen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ároye",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyétō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyeton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyétōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyóntōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyestʰai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyómenos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle-voice",
        "participle",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyomai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyehai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyetai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyestʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyestʰon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyestʰon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyómestʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyestʰe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyontai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōmai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēhai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyētai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēstʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēstʰon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēstʰon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyṓmestʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyēstʰe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyōntai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyóimān",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoyyo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoito",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle-voice",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyóiwetʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "middle-voice",
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoistʰon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle-voice",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyóistʰān",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle-voice",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyóimetʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle-voice",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyoistʰe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle-voice",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyointo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle-voice",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyeho",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyéstʰō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyestʰon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyéstʰōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aróyestʰe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aroyéstʰōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grk-conj-imperf-them",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éaroyon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éaroyes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éaroye",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyowe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyeton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earoyétān",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyomes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyomen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "éaroyon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earoyómān",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyeho",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyeto",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyetʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyestʰon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earoyéstʰān",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earoyómetʰa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyestʰe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "earóyonto",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle-voice",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grk-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*aróyō",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "imp": "ároye",
        "stem": "aróy",
        "stem2": "aroy"
      },
      "name": "grk-conj-pres-them"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "éaroy",
        "stem2": "earóy",
        "stem3": "earoy"
      },
      "name": "grk-conj-imperf-them"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
  "lang_code": "grk-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/aróyō",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Hellenic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Hellenic lemmas",
        "Proto-Hellenic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Hellenic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erh₃-",
        "Proto-Hellenic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Hellenic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to plough, to till"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plough",
          "plough"
        ],
        [
          "till",
          "till"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "aróyō"
}

Download raw JSONL data for aróyō meaning in All languages combined (13.8kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.