See annketi on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "·icc",
"qq": "in various derived verbs"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ·icc (in various derived verbs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ·icc (in various derived verbs)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂neḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂neḱ-",
"t": "to reach"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "·icc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish ·icc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "con·téici",
"t": "to freeze"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish con·téici (“to freeze”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तनक्ति",
"t": "to coagulate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तनक्ति (tanakti, “to coagulate”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”).\nOne of the most controversial terms in Proto-Celtic to reconstruct, only outmatched by *essi in controversy. The main problem comes from the vowel of Old Irish ·icc, whose presence of i- is irregular, since all possible initials ank-, enk- and ink- all normally become éc- in Old Irish.\nThe mainstream reconstruction, *annketi, was introduced by Peter Schrijver in the 1990s and has remained the most popular theory since. It places faith in the assumption that *annk- would result in a different outcome in the daughter languages to that of *ank-. Kim McCone, rejecting the now-mainstream reconstruction, has attempted to position Middle Irish con·téici (“to freeze”) as counterevidence by reconstructing *tannketi for it, comparing the verb to Sanskrit तनक्ति (tanakti, “to coagulate”). However, EDPC points out that a pre-Irish denominal formation *tankīti is enough to beget con·téici, removing the supposed counterevidence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "annkū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkemam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annketās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonkas?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annketi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annketo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxseti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkomosi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "annkemo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsomosi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonkmo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "annketesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkestē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsetesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonxte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkento",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsonti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonkars",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "annke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxseti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annketou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsomosi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "annkomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsetesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "annkete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsonti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkontou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkūr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsūr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonkra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annketar",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsetar",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"future",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonkras?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annketor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsetor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"future",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonkre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkommor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsommor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "annkedwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsedwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"future",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkontor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsontor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"future",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsūr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsetar",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsetor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsommor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsedwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsontor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkontes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkontes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkontam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "annkontans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantbom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantbos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantī?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantbim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantbis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantiyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantiyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantiyans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantyom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantyāi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantyābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantyābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantyābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantyābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkont",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkont",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkont",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "verb",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*annketi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "annke",
"2": "īnx",
"3": "ānonk",
"4": "anxt",
"5": "īnxs"
},
"name": "cel-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/annketi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ɸroannketi"
},
{
"word": "komɸroannketi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to reach"
],
"id": "en-annketi-cel-pro-verb-A2HIx~em",
"links": [
[
"reach",
"reach"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "onkos"
},
{
"word": "komɸroankom"
},
{
"sense": "*komonxtom, *komonxtyom",
"word": "Proto-Brythonic: *kuβ̃oɨθOld Cornish: chefuidOld Welsh: comoidMiddle Welsh: kyuoethWelsh: cyfoeth"
},
{
"sense": "*komonxtom, *komonxtyom",
"word": "cywoeth"
},
{
"sense": "*komonxtom, *komonxtyom",
"word": "cywaeth"
},
{
"sense": "*komonxtom, *komonxtyom",
"word": "Old Irish: cumachtae"
},
{
"sense": "*komonxtom, *komonxtyom",
"word": "cumacteIrish: cumhachtManx: cummaght"
},
{
"sense": "*komonxtākos",
"word": "Proto-Brythonic: *kuβ̃oɨθọgOld Cornish: chefuidocMiddle Welsh: kyuoethawcWelsh: cyfoethog"
},
{
"sense": "*komonxtākos",
"word": "Old Irish: cumachtachIrish: cumhachtach"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "annketi"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ɸroannketi"
},
{
"word": "komɸroannketi"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "·icc",
"qq": "in various derived verbs"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ·icc (in various derived verbs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ·icc (in various derived verbs)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂neḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂neḱ-",
"t": "to reach"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "·icc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish ·icc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "con·téici",
"t": "to freeze"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish con·téici (“to freeze”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तनक्ति",
"t": "to coagulate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तनक्ति (tanakti, “to coagulate”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”).\nOne of the most controversial terms in Proto-Celtic to reconstruct, only outmatched by *essi in controversy. The main problem comes from the vowel of Old Irish ·icc, whose presence of i- is irregular, since all possible initials ank-, enk- and ink- all normally become éc- in Old Irish.\nThe mainstream reconstruction, *annketi, was introduced by Peter Schrijver in the 1990s and has remained the most popular theory since. It places faith in the assumption that *annk- would result in a different outcome in the daughter languages to that of *ank-. Kim McCone, rejecting the now-mainstream reconstruction, has attempted to position Middle Irish con·téici (“to freeze”) as counterevidence by reconstructing *tannketi for it, comparing the verb to Sanskrit तनक्ति (tanakti, “to coagulate”). However, EDPC points out that a pre-Irish denominal formation *tankīti is enough to beget con·téici, removing the supposed counterevidence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "annkū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkemam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annketās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonkas?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annketi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annketo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxseti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkomosi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "annkemo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsomosi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonkmo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "annketesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkestē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsetesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonxte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkento",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsonti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonkars",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "annke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxseti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annketou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsomosi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "annkomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsetesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "annkete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsonti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkontou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkūr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsūr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonkra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annketar",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsetar",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"future",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonkras?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annketor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsetor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"future",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ānonkre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkommor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsommor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "annkedwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsedwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"future",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "annkontor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsontor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"future",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsūr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsetar",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsetor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsommor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsedwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "īnxsontor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkontes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkontes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkontam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "annkontans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantbom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantbos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantī?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantbim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantbis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantiyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantiyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantiyans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantyom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantyāi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantyābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantyābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantyābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "annkantyābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkont",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annkont",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "annkont",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "annkonta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "anxtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "verb",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*annketi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "annke",
"2": "īnx",
"3": "ānonk",
"4": "anxt",
"5": "īnxs"
},
"name": "cel-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/annketi",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "onkos"
},
{
"word": "komɸroankom"
},
{
"sense": "*komonxtom, *komonxtyom",
"word": "Proto-Brythonic: *kuβ̃oɨθOld Cornish: chefuidOld Welsh: comoidMiddle Welsh: kyuoethWelsh: cyfoeth"
},
{
"sense": "*komonxtom, *komonxtyom",
"word": "cywoeth"
},
{
"sense": "*komonxtom, *komonxtyom",
"word": "cywaeth"
},
{
"sense": "*komonxtom, *komonxtyom",
"word": "Old Irish: cumachtae"
},
{
"sense": "*komonxtom, *komonxtyom",
"word": "cumacteIrish: cumhachtManx: cummaght"
},
{
"sense": "*komonxtākos",
"word": "Proto-Brythonic: *kuβ̃oɨθọgOld Cornish: chefuidocMiddle Welsh: kyuoethawcWelsh: cyfoethog"
},
{
"sense": "*komonxtākos",
"word": "Old Irish: cumachtachIrish: cumhachtach"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂neḱ-",
"Proto-Celtic thematic present verbs",
"Proto-Celtic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to reach"
],
"links": [
[
"reach",
"reach"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "annketi"
}
Download raw JSONL data for annketi meaning in All languages combined (19.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.