"Iroquois" meaning in All languages combined

See Iroquois on Wiktionary

Proper name [English]

IPA: /ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɔɪ/, /ˈɪɹ.ə.kɔɪ/, /ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɑː/ [Canada] Audio: en-us-Iroquois.ogg [US]
Etymology: Attested in American English since the 1660s, from French Iroquois, Hiroquois (attested since the early 1600s). The ultimate origin is uncertain. theories Missionary Charles Arnaud derived it from Montagnais irno-kué (“terrible people”). Linguist Gordon Day notes that though no form irno "person" is attested, one is plausible (given iriniou and ilnu), but application to a non-Montagnais is unlikely, and kué is too short: the root is kwet-. Day finds support for a longer form kwedɛč ("an Iroquois", lit. "terrible, frightening person") in Pacifique's Micmac grammar, in "goetètjg", and sees "fairly good indications that the name [i.e. kwedɛč] was an ancient one for Iroquoian peoples generally", but then "irno kwedɛč" would awkwardly mean "a person, an Iroquois", which could not have been a usual term. Day theorizes the awkward phrase may nonetheless have been uttered by some interpreter and used thereafter by the unaware French, or alternatively the Montagnais may have borrowed an Iroquoian autonym whereafter Montagnais folk-etymologizers adapted it to resemble those words; for example, Mohawk i-ih rongwe (“man”) would have entered Montagnais as /iːrohkwe/. (Some earlier scholars proposed that an Iroquoian term like the Mohawk term was the direct etymon of the French.) Linguist Peter Bakker alternatively proposes that the etymon is a Basque pidgin word (h)ilokoa "killers" (mirroring Algonquian names for the Iroquois), from hil (“to kill”) and a suffix -koa (“those of”) which may be the source of some other tribal names ending in -quois. Hilokoa, as Brad Loewen notes, is ungrammatical in standard Basque (Loewen suggests irikoa (“those of the walled town”) as an alternative etymon). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|Iroquois}} French Iroquois, {{m|fr|Hiroquois}} Hiroquois, {{der|en|moe|irno-kué||terrible people}} Montagnais irno-kué (“terrible people”), {{noncog|moh||i-ih}} Mohawk i-ih, {{m|moh|rón:kwe|rongwe|man}} rongwe (“man”), {{m|eu|hil||to kill}} hil (“to kill”), {{m|eu||-koa|those of}} -koa (“those of”), {{m|eu|irikoa||those of the walled town}} irikoa (“those of the walled town”) Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Iroquois
  1. Any of the languages of the Iroquois, belonging to the Iroquoian family of languages. Categories (topical): Languages Derived forms: Iroquoia, Iroquois County, Iroquois Falls Related terms: Haudenosaunee Translations (any of the Iroquois languages): Irokese taal [feminine] (Dutch), irokeesikieli (Finnish), Iroquois (French), irokesische Sprachen [feminine, plural] (German), इरोक्वा (irokvā) [feminine] (Marathi), Naadawemowin (Ojibwe), Naadwemwin (Ottawa), irokeski [masculine] (Polish), iroquês [masculine] (Portuguese), nadwémwen (Potawatomi), Irokes (Tagalog)
    Sense id: en-Iroquois-en-name-2RtfqzE9 Disambiguation of Languages: 41 47 12

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɔɪ/, /ˈɪɹ.ə.kɔɪ/, /ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɑː/ [Canada] Audio: en-us-Iroquois.ogg [US] Forms: Iroquois [plural]
Etymology: Attested in American English since the 1660s, from French Iroquois, Hiroquois (attested since the early 1600s). The ultimate origin is uncertain. theories Missionary Charles Arnaud derived it from Montagnais irno-kué (“terrible people”). Linguist Gordon Day notes that though no form irno "person" is attested, one is plausible (given iriniou and ilnu), but application to a non-Montagnais is unlikely, and kué is too short: the root is kwet-. Day finds support for a longer form kwedɛč ("an Iroquois", lit. "terrible, frightening person") in Pacifique's Micmac grammar, in "goetètjg", and sees "fairly good indications that the name [i.e. kwedɛč] was an ancient one for Iroquoian peoples generally", but then "irno kwedɛč" would awkwardly mean "a person, an Iroquois", which could not have been a usual term. Day theorizes the awkward phrase may nonetheless have been uttered by some interpreter and used thereafter by the unaware French, or alternatively the Montagnais may have borrowed an Iroquoian autonym whereafter Montagnais folk-etymologizers adapted it to resemble those words; for example, Mohawk i-ih rongwe (“man”) would have entered Montagnais as /iːrohkwe/. (Some earlier scholars proposed that an Iroquoian term like the Mohawk term was the direct etymon of the French.) Linguist Peter Bakker alternatively proposes that the etymon is a Basque pidgin word (h)ilokoa "killers" (mirroring Algonquian names for the Iroquois), from hil (“to kill”) and a suffix -koa (“those of”) which may be the source of some other tribal names ending in -quois. Hilokoa, as Brad Loewen notes, is ungrammatical in standard Basque (Loewen suggests irikoa (“those of the walled town”) as an alternative etymon). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|Iroquois}} French Iroquois, {{m|fr|Hiroquois}} Hiroquois, {{der|en|moe|irno-kué||terrible people}} Montagnais irno-kué (“terrible people”), {{noncog|moh||i-ih}} Mohawk i-ih, {{m|moh|rón:kwe|rongwe|man}} rongwe (“man”), {{m|eu|hil||to kill}} hil (“to kill”), {{m|eu||-koa|those of}} -koa (“those of”), {{m|eu|irikoa||those of the walled town}} irikoa (“those of the walled town”) Head templates: {{en-noun|Iroquois}} Iroquois (plural Iroquois)
  1. A member of a confederacy of (originally) five Native American (Indian) tribes: the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas. Also known as the Iroquois League. Categories (topical): Hair, Languages Categories (place): Native American tribes Translations (a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe): іраке́з (irakjéz) [masculine] (Belarusian), іраке́зка (irakjézka) [feminine] (Belarusian), iroquès [masculine] (Catalan), ᎠᏂᏅᏓᏪᎩ (aninvdawegi) (Cherokee), nâtawêw (Cree), Irokéz [masculine] (Czech), Irokees [masculine] (Dutch), irokezo (Esperanto), irokesi [masculine] (Faroese), irokesari [masculine] (Faroese), irokeesi (Finnish), Iroquois (French), Irokese [masculine] (German), इरोक्वा (irokvā) (Marathi), Rotinonshón:ni [masculine, plural] (Mohawk), naadawe (Ojibwe), naadaweg [plural] (Ojibwe), naadwe (Ottawa), naadweg [plural] (Ottawa), Irokez [masculine] (Polish), Irokezka [feminine] (Polish), iroquês [masculine] (Portuguese), iroquesa [feminine] (Portuguese), nadwé (Potawatomi), nadwék [plural] (Potawatomi), ироке́з (irokéz) [masculine] (Russian), Irokesen [plural] (Saterland Frisian), Hodínöhšö:ni:h [masculine, plural] (Seneca), Irokéz [masculine] (Slovak), Irokézi [masculine, plural] (Slovak), iroqués (Spanish), Irokes (Tagalog)
    Sense id: en-Iroquois-en-noun-BgidmzqI Disambiguation of Hair: 8 61 31 Disambiguation of Languages: 41 47 12 Disambiguation of Native American tribes: 3 94 4 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 22 51 27 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 23 62 15 Disambiguation of 'a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe': 96 4
  2. A kind of hairdo where both sides of the head are shaved, leaving only a stripe of hair in the middle. Categories (topical): Languages
    Sense id: en-Iroquois-en-noun-2ffvjW4Z Disambiguation of Languages: 41 47 12

Proper name [French]

IPA: /i.ʁɔ.kwa/ Forms: Iroquois [plural], Iroquoise [feminine]
Head templates: {{fr-proper noun|m|Iroquois|f=Iroquoise}} Iroquois m (plural Iroquois, feminine Iroquoise)
  1. Iroquois Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-Iroquois-fr-name-vaz1gmpP Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for Iroquois meaning in All languages combined (15.8kB)

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        "4": "those of the walled town"
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  "etymology_text": "Attested in American English since the 1660s, from French Iroquois, Hiroquois (attested since the early 1600s). The ultimate origin is uncertain.\ntheories\nMissionary Charles Arnaud derived it from Montagnais irno-kué (“terrible people”). Linguist Gordon Day notes that though no form irno \"person\" is attested, one is plausible (given iriniou and ilnu), but application to a non-Montagnais is unlikely, and kué is too short: the root is kwet-. Day finds support for a longer form kwedɛč (\"an Iroquois\", lit. \"terrible, frightening person\") in Pacifique's Micmac grammar, in \"goetètjg\", and sees \"fairly good indications that the name [i.e. kwedɛč] was an ancient one for Iroquoian peoples generally\", but then \"irno kwedɛč\" would awkwardly mean \"a person, an Iroquois\", which could not have been a usual term. Day theorizes the awkward phrase may nonetheless have been uttered by some interpreter and used thereafter by the unaware French, or alternatively the Montagnais may have borrowed an Iroquoian autonym whereafter Montagnais folk-etymologizers adapted it to resemble those words; for example, Mohawk i-ih rongwe (“man”) would have entered Montagnais as /iːrohkwe/. (Some earlier scholars proposed that an Iroquoian term like the Mohawk term was the direct etymon of the French.)\nLinguist Peter Bakker alternatively proposes that the etymon is a Basque pidgin word (h)ilokoa \"killers\" (mirroring Algonquian names for the Iroquois), from hil (“to kill”) and a suffix -koa (“those of”) which may be the source of some other tribal names ending in -quois. Hilokoa, as Brad Loewen notes, is ungrammatical in standard Basque (Loewen suggests irikoa (“those of the walled town”) as an alternative etymon).",
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          "_dis": "8 61 31",
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          "name": "Hair",
          "orig": "en:Hair",
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        [
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          "Onondaga"
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          "Cayuga",
          "Cayuga"
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          "Seneca",
          "Seneca"
        ]
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      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "irakjéz",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "іраке́з"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "irakjézka",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "іраке́зка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "iroquès"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "chr",
          "lang": "Cherokee",
          "roman": "aninvdawegi",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "word": "ᎠᏂᏅᏓᏪᎩ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "cr",
          "lang": "Cree",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "word": "nâtawêw"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Irokéz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Irokees"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "word": "irokezo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "irokesi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "irokesari"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "word": "irokeesi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "word": "Iroquois"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Irokese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "mr",
          "lang": "Marathi",
          "roman": "irokvā",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "word": "इरोक्वा"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "moh",
          "lang": "Mohawk",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "Rotinonshón:ni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "oj",
          "lang": "Ojibwe",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "word": "naadawe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "oj",
          "lang": "Ojibwe",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "naadaweg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "otw",
          "lang": "Ottawa",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "word": "naadwe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "otw",
          "lang": "Ottawa",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "naadweg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Irokez"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Irokezka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "iroquês"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "iroquesa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "pot",
          "lang": "Potawatomi",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "word": "nadwé"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "pot",
          "lang": "Potawatomi",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "nadwék"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "irokéz",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ироке́з"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "stq",
          "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "Irokesen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "see",
          "lang": "Seneca",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "Hodínöhšö:ni:h"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Irokéz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "Irokézi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "word": "iroqués"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
          "word": "Irokes"
        }
      ]
    },
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          "_dis": "41 47 12",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Languages",
          "orig": "en:Languages",
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            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A kind of hairdo where both sides of the head are shaved, leaving only a stripe of hair in the middle."
      ],
      "id": "en-Iroquois-en-noun-2ffvjW4Z",
      "links": [
        [
          "hairdo",
          "hairdo"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɔɪ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪɹ.ə.kɔɪ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-Iroquois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/En-us-Iroquois.ogg/En-us-Iroquois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/En-us-Iroquois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Iroquois"
  ],
  "word": "Iroquois"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "Iroquois"
      },
      "expansion": "French Iroquois",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "Hiroquois"
      },
      "expansion": "Hiroquois",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "moe",
        "3": "irno-kué",
        "4": "",
        "5": "terrible people"
      },
      "expansion": "Montagnais irno-kué (“terrible people”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "moh",
        "2": "",
        "3": "i-ih"
      },
      "expansion": "Mohawk i-ih",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "moh",
        "2": "rón:kwe",
        "3": "rongwe",
        "4": "man"
      },
      "expansion": "rongwe (“man”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eu",
        "2": "hil",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to kill"
      },
      "expansion": "hil (“to kill”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eu",
        "2": "",
        "3": "-koa",
        "4": "those of"
      },
      "expansion": "-koa (“those of”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eu",
        "2": "irikoa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "those of the walled town"
      },
      "expansion": "irikoa (“those of the walled town”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Attested in American English since the 1660s, from French Iroquois, Hiroquois (attested since the early 1600s). The ultimate origin is uncertain.\ntheories\nMissionary Charles Arnaud derived it from Montagnais irno-kué (“terrible people”). Linguist Gordon Day notes that though no form irno \"person\" is attested, one is plausible (given iriniou and ilnu), but application to a non-Montagnais is unlikely, and kué is too short: the root is kwet-. Day finds support for a longer form kwedɛč (\"an Iroquois\", lit. \"terrible, frightening person\") in Pacifique's Micmac grammar, in \"goetètjg\", and sees \"fairly good indications that the name [i.e. kwedɛč] was an ancient one for Iroquoian peoples generally\", but then \"irno kwedɛč\" would awkwardly mean \"a person, an Iroquois\", which could not have been a usual term. Day theorizes the awkward phrase may nonetheless have been uttered by some interpreter and used thereafter by the unaware French, or alternatively the Montagnais may have borrowed an Iroquoian autonym whereafter Montagnais folk-etymologizers adapted it to resemble those words; for example, Mohawk i-ih rongwe (“man”) would have entered Montagnais as /iːrohkwe/. (Some earlier scholars proposed that an Iroquoian term like the Mohawk term was the direct etymon of the French.)\nLinguist Peter Bakker alternatively proposes that the etymon is a Basque pidgin word (h)ilokoa \"killers\" (mirroring Algonquian names for the Iroquois), from hil (“to kill”) and a suffix -koa (“those of”) which may be the source of some other tribal names ending in -quois. Hilokoa, as Brad Loewen notes, is ungrammatical in standard Basque (Loewen suggests irikoa (“those of the walled town”) as an alternative etymon).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Iroquois",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 47 12",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Languages",
          "orig": "en:Languages",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Names",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "Iroquoia"
        },
        {
          "word": "Iroquois County"
        },
        {
          "word": "Iroquois Falls"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of the languages of the Iroquois, belonging to the Iroquoian family of languages."
      ],
      "id": "en-Iroquois-en-name-2RtfqzE9",
      "links": [
        [
          "Iroquoian",
          "Iroquoian"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "Haudenosaunee"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Irokese taal"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
          "word": "irokeesikieli"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
          "word": "Iroquois"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "irokesische Sprachen"
        },
        {
          "code": "mr",
          "lang": "Marathi",
          "roman": "irokvā",
          "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "इरोक्वा"
        },
        {
          "code": "oj",
          "lang": "Ojibwe",
          "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
          "word": "Naadawemowin"
        },
        {
          "code": "otw",
          "lang": "Ottawa",
          "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
          "word": "Naadwemwin"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "irokeski"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "iroquês"
        },
        {
          "code": "pot",
          "lang": "Potawatomi",
          "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
          "word": "nadwémwen"
        },
        {
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
          "word": "Irokes"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɔɪ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪɹ.ə.kɔɪ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-Iroquois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/En-us-Iroquois.ogg/En-us-Iroquois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/En-us-Iroquois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Iroquois"
  ],
  "word": "Iroquois"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Iroquois",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Iroquoise",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "Iroquois",
        "f": "Iroquoise"
      },
      "expansion": "Iroquois m (plural Iroquois, feminine Iroquoise)",
      "name": "fr-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Iroquois"
      ],
      "id": "en-Iroquois-fr-name-vaz1gmpP",
      "links": [
        [
          "Iroquois",
          "Iroquois#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/i.ʁɔ.kwa/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Iroquois"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English proper nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Montagnais",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "en:Hair",
    "en:Languages",
    "en:Native American tribes"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "Iroquois"
      },
      "expansion": "French Iroquois",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "Hiroquois"
      },
      "expansion": "Hiroquois",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "moe",
        "3": "irno-kué",
        "4": "",
        "5": "terrible people"
      },
      "expansion": "Montagnais irno-kué (“terrible people”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "moh",
        "2": "",
        "3": "i-ih"
      },
      "expansion": "Mohawk i-ih",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "moh",
        "2": "rón:kwe",
        "3": "rongwe",
        "4": "man"
      },
      "expansion": "rongwe (“man”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eu",
        "2": "hil",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to kill"
      },
      "expansion": "hil (“to kill”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eu",
        "2": "",
        "3": "-koa",
        "4": "those of"
      },
      "expansion": "-koa (“those of”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eu",
        "2": "irikoa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "those of the walled town"
      },
      "expansion": "irikoa (“those of the walled town”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Attested in American English since the 1660s, from French Iroquois, Hiroquois (attested since the early 1600s). The ultimate origin is uncertain.\ntheories\nMissionary Charles Arnaud derived it from Montagnais irno-kué (“terrible people”). Linguist Gordon Day notes that though no form irno \"person\" is attested, one is plausible (given iriniou and ilnu), but application to a non-Montagnais is unlikely, and kué is too short: the root is kwet-. Day finds support for a longer form kwedɛč (\"an Iroquois\", lit. \"terrible, frightening person\") in Pacifique's Micmac grammar, in \"goetètjg\", and sees \"fairly good indications that the name [i.e. kwedɛč] was an ancient one for Iroquoian peoples generally\", but then \"irno kwedɛč\" would awkwardly mean \"a person, an Iroquois\", which could not have been a usual term. Day theorizes the awkward phrase may nonetheless have been uttered by some interpreter and used thereafter by the unaware French, or alternatively the Montagnais may have borrowed an Iroquoian autonym whereafter Montagnais folk-etymologizers adapted it to resemble those words; for example, Mohawk i-ih rongwe (“man”) would have entered Montagnais as /iːrohkwe/. (Some earlier scholars proposed that an Iroquoian term like the Mohawk term was the direct etymon of the French.)\nLinguist Peter Bakker alternatively proposes that the etymon is a Basque pidgin word (h)ilokoa \"killers\" (mirroring Algonquian names for the Iroquois), from hil (“to kill”) and a suffix -koa (“those of”) which may be the source of some other tribal names ending in -quois. Hilokoa, as Brad Loewen notes, is ungrammatical in standard Basque (Loewen suggests irikoa (“those of the walled town”) as an alternative etymon).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Iroquois",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Iroquois"
      },
      "expansion": "Iroquois (plural Iroquois)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A member of a confederacy of (originally) five Native American (Indian) tribes: the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas. Also known as the Iroquois League."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "confederacy",
          "confederacy"
        ],
        [
          "Native American",
          "Native American"
        ],
        [
          "tribe",
          "tribe"
        ],
        [
          "Mohawk",
          "Mohawk"
        ],
        [
          "Oneida",
          "Oneida"
        ],
        [
          "Onondaga",
          "Onondaga"
        ],
        [
          "Cayuga",
          "Cayuga"
        ],
        [
          "Seneca",
          "Seneca"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A kind of hairdo where both sides of the head are shaved, leaving only a stripe of hair in the middle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hairdo",
          "hairdo"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɔɪ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪɹ.ə.kɔɪ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-Iroquois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/En-us-Iroquois.ogg/En-us-Iroquois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/En-us-Iroquois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "irakjéz",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "іраке́з"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "irakjézka",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "іраке́зка"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "iroquès"
    },
    {
      "code": "chr",
      "lang": "Cherokee",
      "roman": "aninvdawegi",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "word": "ᎠᏂᏅᏓᏪᎩ"
    },
    {
      "code": "cr",
      "lang": "Cree",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "word": "nâtawêw"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Irokéz"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Irokees"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "word": "irokezo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "irokesi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "irokesari"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "word": "irokeesi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "word": "Iroquois"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Irokese"
    },
    {
      "code": "mr",
      "lang": "Marathi",
      "roman": "irokvā",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "word": "इरोक्वा"
    },
    {
      "code": "moh",
      "lang": "Mohawk",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "Rotinonshón:ni"
    },
    {
      "code": "oj",
      "lang": "Ojibwe",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "word": "naadawe"
    },
    {
      "code": "oj",
      "lang": "Ojibwe",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "naadaweg"
    },
    {
      "code": "otw",
      "lang": "Ottawa",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "word": "naadwe"
    },
    {
      "code": "otw",
      "lang": "Ottawa",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "naadweg"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Irokez"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Irokezka"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "iroquês"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "iroquesa"
    },
    {
      "code": "pot",
      "lang": "Potawatomi",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "word": "nadwé"
    },
    {
      "code": "pot",
      "lang": "Potawatomi",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "nadwék"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "irokéz",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ироке́з"
    },
    {
      "code": "stq",
      "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "Irokesen"
    },
    {
      "code": "see",
      "lang": "Seneca",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "Hodínöhšö:ni:h"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Irokéz"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "Irokézi"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "word": "iroqués"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "a person belonging to an Iroquois tribe",
      "word": "Irokes"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Iroquois"
  ],
  "word": "Iroquois"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English proper nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Montagnais",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "en:Hair",
    "en:Languages",
    "en:Native American tribes"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Iroquoia"
    },
    {
      "word": "Iroquois County"
    },
    {
      "word": "Iroquois Falls"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "Iroquois"
      },
      "expansion": "French Iroquois",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "Hiroquois"
      },
      "expansion": "Hiroquois",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "moe",
        "3": "irno-kué",
        "4": "",
        "5": "terrible people"
      },
      "expansion": "Montagnais irno-kué (“terrible people”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "moh",
        "2": "",
        "3": "i-ih"
      },
      "expansion": "Mohawk i-ih",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "moh",
        "2": "rón:kwe",
        "3": "rongwe",
        "4": "man"
      },
      "expansion": "rongwe (“man”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eu",
        "2": "hil",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to kill"
      },
      "expansion": "hil (“to kill”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eu",
        "2": "",
        "3": "-koa",
        "4": "those of"
      },
      "expansion": "-koa (“those of”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eu",
        "2": "irikoa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "those of the walled town"
      },
      "expansion": "irikoa (“those of the walled town”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Attested in American English since the 1660s, from French Iroquois, Hiroquois (attested since the early 1600s). The ultimate origin is uncertain.\ntheories\nMissionary Charles Arnaud derived it from Montagnais irno-kué (“terrible people”). Linguist Gordon Day notes that though no form irno \"person\" is attested, one is plausible (given iriniou and ilnu), but application to a non-Montagnais is unlikely, and kué is too short: the root is kwet-. Day finds support for a longer form kwedɛč (\"an Iroquois\", lit. \"terrible, frightening person\") in Pacifique's Micmac grammar, in \"goetètjg\", and sees \"fairly good indications that the name [i.e. kwedɛč] was an ancient one for Iroquoian peoples generally\", but then \"irno kwedɛč\" would awkwardly mean \"a person, an Iroquois\", which could not have been a usual term. Day theorizes the awkward phrase may nonetheless have been uttered by some interpreter and used thereafter by the unaware French, or alternatively the Montagnais may have borrowed an Iroquoian autonym whereafter Montagnais folk-etymologizers adapted it to resemble those words; for example, Mohawk i-ih rongwe (“man”) would have entered Montagnais as /iːrohkwe/. (Some earlier scholars proposed that an Iroquoian term like the Mohawk term was the direct etymon of the French.)\nLinguist Peter Bakker alternatively proposes that the etymon is a Basque pidgin word (h)ilokoa \"killers\" (mirroring Algonquian names for the Iroquois), from hil (“to kill”) and a suffix -koa (“those of”) which may be the source of some other tribal names ending in -quois. Hilokoa, as Brad Loewen notes, is ungrammatical in standard Basque (Loewen suggests irikoa (“those of the walled town”) as an alternative etymon).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Iroquois",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "Haudenosaunee"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any of the languages of the Iroquois, belonging to the Iroquoian family of languages."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Iroquoian",
          "Iroquoian"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɔɪ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪɹ.ə.kɔɪ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-Iroquois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/En-us-Iroquois.ogg/En-us-Iroquois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/En-us-Iroquois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Irokese taal"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
      "word": "irokeesikieli"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
      "word": "Iroquois"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "irokesische Sprachen"
    },
    {
      "code": "mr",
      "lang": "Marathi",
      "roman": "irokvā",
      "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "इरोक्वा"
    },
    {
      "code": "oj",
      "lang": "Ojibwe",
      "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
      "word": "Naadawemowin"
    },
    {
      "code": "otw",
      "lang": "Ottawa",
      "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
      "word": "Naadwemwin"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "irokeski"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "iroquês"
    },
    {
      "code": "pot",
      "lang": "Potawatomi",
      "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
      "word": "nadwémwen"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "any of the Iroquois languages",
      "word": "Irokes"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Iroquois"
  ],
  "word": "Iroquois"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Iroquois",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Iroquoise",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "Iroquois",
        "f": "Iroquoise"
      },
      "expansion": "Iroquois m (plural Iroquois, feminine Iroquoise)",
      "name": "fr-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French 3-syllable words",
        "French countable proper nouns",
        "French entries with incorrect language header",
        "French lemmas",
        "French masculine nouns",
        "French proper nouns",
        "French proper nouns with red links in their headword lines",
        "French terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Iroquois"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Iroquois",
          "Iroquois#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/i.ʁɔ.kwa/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Iroquois"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.