See Gaeilge on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaeilge Mhanann"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaeilge na hAlban"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaeilge na hÉireann"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaeilgeoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "is fearr Gaeilge bhriste ná Béarla cliste"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Meán-Ghaeilge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Sean-Ghaeilge"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "Goídelc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish Goídelc",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From older Gaedhilge, originally the genitive of Classical Gaelic Gaedhealg, Gaoidhealg, from Old Irish Goídelc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Gaeilge",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-plural",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-f4-nopl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Gaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a Ghaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Gaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Gaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-f4-nopl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an Ghaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na Gaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an nGaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don Ghaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Gaeilge",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ghaeilge",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "nGaeilge",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "Gaeilge",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "Gaeilge f (genitive Gaeilge)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "~"
},
"expansion": "Gaeilge f (genitive Gaeilge)",
"name": "ga-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "G",
"2": "aeilge"
},
"name": "ga-decl-f4-nopl"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "(act of) speaking Irish",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gaeilgeoireacht"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ga",
"name": "Languages",
"orig": "ga:Languages",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He writes Irish very well.",
"ref": "1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 123:",
"text": "šḱŕīvn̥̄ šē n ʒēlǵə gə rī wȧ.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Irish language"
],
"id": "en-Gaeilge-ga-name-k~qsTbpD",
"links": [
[
"Irish",
"Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ga",
"name": "Languages",
"orig": "ga:Languages",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"any Gaelic language"
],
"id": "en-Gaeilge-ga-name-e3KvJvHI",
"links": [
[
"Gaelic",
"Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeːlʲɟɪ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeːl̪ˠənʲ/",
"note": "corresponding to the form Gaelainn or Gaedhlaing",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɰeːl̪ˠɪnʲ]",
"note": "corresponding to the form Gaelainn or Gaedhlaing",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɰeːl̪ˠɪɲ]",
"note": "corresponding to the form Gaelainn or Gaedhlaing",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeːlʲɟɪ/",
"tags": [
"Galway"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeːlʲɪc/",
"note": "corresponding to the form Gaedhilg or Gaeilic",
"tags": [
"Mayo",
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Irish"
],
"topics": [
"language",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "Gaeilge na hÉireann"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Irish",
"Modern"
],
"word": "Nua-Ghaeilge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaedhealg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "old nominative",
"word": "Gaoidhealg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "superseded",
"tags": [
"Connacht"
],
"word": "Gaedhilge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaedhealaing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaedhlaing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "superseded",
"tags": [
"Munster"
],
"word": "Gaodhalainn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaedhilc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaedhilg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaedhilic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "superseded",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
],
"word": "Gaedhilig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaelainn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaeluinn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaolainn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Munster"
],
"word": "Gaoluinn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Waterford"
],
"word": "Gaeilinn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaeilg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaeilic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
],
"word": "Gaeilig"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Classical Gaelic"
],
"word": "Gaeilge"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ga",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Irish",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "Gàidhlig"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Gàidhlig",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Irish. Doublet of Gàidhlig.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Gaeilge",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gd-mut-cons",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Gaeilge",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ghaeilge",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "Gaeilge",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Gaeilge f (genitive Gaeilge)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "G",
"2": "aeilge"
},
"name": "gd-mut-cons"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "gd",
"name": "Languages",
"orig": "gd:Languages",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Irish Gaelic language"
],
"id": "en-Gaeilge-gd-name-tyH0Sd7J",
"links": [
[
"Irish Gaelic",
"Irish Gaelic"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Gàidhlig na h-Èireann"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "Gaeilge"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish feminine nouns",
"Irish fourth-declension nouns",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish proper nouns",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ga:Languages"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Gaeilge Mhanann"
},
{
"word": "Gaeilge na hAlban"
},
{
"word": "Gaeilge na hÉireann"
},
{
"word": "Gaeilgeoir"
},
{
"word": "is fearr Gaeilge bhriste ná Béarla cliste"
},
{
"word": "Meán-Ghaeilge"
},
{
"word": "Sean-Ghaeilge"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "Goídelc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish Goídelc",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From older Gaedhilge, originally the genitive of Classical Gaelic Gaedhealg, Gaoidhealg, from Old Irish Goídelc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Gaeilge",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-plural",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-f4-nopl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Gaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a Ghaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Gaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Gaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-f4-nopl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an Ghaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na Gaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an nGaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don Ghaeilge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Gaeilge",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ghaeilge",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "nGaeilge",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "Gaeilge",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "Gaeilge f (genitive Gaeilge)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "~"
},
"expansion": "Gaeilge f (genitive Gaeilge)",
"name": "ga-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "G",
"2": "aeilge"
},
"name": "ga-decl-f4-nopl"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"english": "(act of) speaking Irish",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gaeilgeoireacht"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Irish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He writes Irish very well.",
"ref": "1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 123:",
"text": "šḱŕīvn̥̄ šē n ʒēlǵə gə rī wȧ.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Irish language"
],
"links": [
[
"Irish",
"Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"any Gaelic language"
],
"links": [
[
"Gaelic",
"Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeːlʲɟɪ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeːl̪ˠənʲ/",
"note": "corresponding to the form Gaelainn or Gaedhlaing",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɰeːl̪ˠɪnʲ]",
"note": "corresponding to the form Gaelainn or Gaedhlaing",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɰeːl̪ˠɪɲ]",
"note": "corresponding to the form Gaelainn or Gaedhlaing",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeːlʲɟɪ/",
"tags": [
"Galway"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeːlʲɪc/",
"note": "corresponding to the form Gaedhilg or Gaeilic",
"tags": [
"Mayo",
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Irish"
],
"topics": [
"language",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "Gaeilge na hÉireann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Irish",
"Modern"
],
"word": "Nua-Ghaeilge"
},
{
"word": "Gaedhealg"
},
{
"alt": "old nominative",
"word": "Gaoidhealg"
},
{
"english": "superseded",
"tags": [
"Connacht"
],
"word": "Gaedhilge"
},
{
"word": "Gaedhealaing"
},
{
"word": "Gaedhlaing"
},
{
"english": "superseded",
"tags": [
"Munster"
],
"word": "Gaodhalainn"
},
{
"word": "Gaedhilc"
},
{
"word": "Gaedhilg"
},
{
"word": "Gaedhilic"
},
{
"english": "superseded",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
],
"word": "Gaedhilig"
},
{
"word": "Gaelainn"
},
{
"word": "Gaeluinn"
},
{
"word": "Gaolainn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Munster"
],
"word": "Gaoluinn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Waterford"
],
"word": "Gaeilinn"
},
{
"word": "Gaeilg"
},
{
"word": "Gaeilic"
},
{
"tags": [
"Ulster"
],
"word": "Gaeilig"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Classical Gaelic"
],
"word": "Gaeilge"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ga",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Irish",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "Gàidhlig"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Gàidhlig",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Irish. Doublet of Gàidhlig.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Gaeilge",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gd-mut-cons",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Gaeilge",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ghaeilge",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "Gaeilge",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Gaeilge f (genitive Gaeilge)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "G",
"2": "aeilge"
},
"name": "gd-mut-cons"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish Gaelic doublets",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic feminine nouns",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic proper nouns",
"Scottish Gaelic terms borrowed from Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Irish",
"gd:Languages"
],
"glosses": [
"the Irish Gaelic language"
],
"links": [
[
"Irish Gaelic",
"Irish Gaelic"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Gàidhlig na h-Èireann"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "Gaeilge"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Gaeilge meaning in All languages combined (6.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Nominative",
"path": [
"Gaeilge"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "Gaeilge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Vocative",
"path": [
"Gaeilge"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "Gaeilge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Genitive",
"path": [
"Gaeilge"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "Gaeilge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Dative",
"path": [
"Gaeilge"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "Gaeilge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Bare forms (no plural of this noun)",
"path": [
"Gaeilge"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "Gaeilge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Nominative",
"path": [
"Gaeilge"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "Gaeilge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Genitive",
"path": [
"Gaeilge"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "Gaeilge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Dative",
"path": [
"Gaeilge"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "Gaeilge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Forms with the definite article",
"path": [
"Gaeilge"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "Gaeilge",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.