See Balkanism on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Balkan",
"3": "-ism"
},
"expansion": "Balkan + -ism",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Balkan + -ism. The political meaning was coined by Maria Todorova in 1997 in her work Imagining the Balkans.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Balkanisms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "Balkanism (countable and uncountable, plural Balkanisms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Victor Friedman, “The typology of Balkan evidentiality and areal linguistics”, in Balkan Syntax and Semantics, page 102:",
"text": "In this paper I shall address the expression of evidentiality in the Balkan languages as a case study of a contact phenomenon, specifically a Balkanism, that must take both areal and typological factors into account.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature originating or being geographically confined to the region of Balkans."
],
"id": "en-Balkanism-en-noun-wSVCbxKx",
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"phrase",
"phrase"
],
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"Balkans",
"Balkans"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "balkanízǎm",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "балкани́зъм"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "balḳanizmi",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"word": "ბალკანიზმი"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "balkanízam",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "балкани́зам"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "balcanism"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "balkanízm",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "балкани́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "балканѝзам"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "balkanìzam"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "balkanizem"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "en:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008, Martin Coward, Urbicide: The Politics of Urban Destruction, page 30:",
"text": "Balkanism attributes an essential character to the Balkan Peninsula that is the logical correlate of Balkanisation.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Discourse promoting the pejorative political and cultural stereotype of the Balkans."
],
"id": "en-Balkanism-en-noun-KwSViwJB",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"stereotype",
"stereotype"
],
[
"Balkans",
"Balkans"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) Discourse promoting the pejorative political and cultural stereotype of the Balkans."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "balḳanizmi",
"sense": "discourse promoting the pejorative political and cultural stereotype of the Balkans",
"word": "ბალკანიზმი"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "discourse promoting the pejorative political and cultural stereotype of the Balkans",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "balcanism"
}
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "balkanism"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Maria Todorova"
],
"word": "Balkanism"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ism",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Balkan",
"3": "-ism"
},
"expansion": "Balkan + -ism",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Balkan + -ism. The political meaning was coined by Maria Todorova in 1997 in her work Imagining the Balkans.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Balkanisms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "Balkanism (countable and uncountable, plural Balkanisms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Victor Friedman, “The typology of Balkan evidentiality and areal linguistics”, in Balkan Syntax and Semantics, page 102:",
"text": "In this paper I shall address the expression of evidentiality in the Balkan languages as a case study of a contact phenomenon, specifically a Balkanism, that must take both areal and typological factors into account.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature originating or being geographically confined to the region of Balkans."
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"phrase",
"phrase"
],
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"Balkans",
"Balkans"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Politics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008, Martin Coward, Urbicide: The Politics of Urban Destruction, page 30:",
"text": "Balkanism attributes an essential character to the Balkan Peninsula that is the logical correlate of Balkanisation.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Discourse promoting the pejorative political and cultural stereotype of the Balkans."
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"stereotype",
"stereotype"
],
[
"Balkans",
"Balkans"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) Discourse promoting the pejorative political and cultural stereotype of the Balkans."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "balkanism"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "balkanízǎm",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "балкани́зъм"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "balḳanizmi",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"word": "ბალკანიზმი"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "balkanízam",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "балкани́зам"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "balcanism"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "balkanízm",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "балкани́зм"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "балканѝзам"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "balkanìzam"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "word, phrase or other linguistic or cultural feature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "balkanizem"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "balḳanizmi",
"sense": "discourse promoting the pejorative political and cultural stereotype of the Balkans",
"word": "ბალკანიზმი"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "discourse promoting the pejorative political and cultural stereotype of the Balkans",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "balcanism"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Maria Todorova"
],
"word": "Balkanism"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Balkanism meaning in All languages combined (4.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.