"Anthropocene" meaning in All languages combined

See Anthropocene on Wiktionary

Proper name [English]

IPA: /ˈæn.θɹə.pəˌsiːn/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈæn.θɹə.pəˌsin/ [General-American], /ænˈθɹɑp.əˌsin/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Anthropocene.wav Forms: the Anthropocene [canonical]
Etymology: From a combination of anthropo- + -cene modeled on Holocene, Pleistocene, and similar. First attested in the 1960s in the translations of Russian-language scientific articles, possibly with a different meaning. Supposedly coined independently in the 1980s by American biologist Eugene Stoermer and later popularized by Dutch atmospheric chemist Paul J. Crutzen in 2000. Etymology templates: {{confix|en|anthropo|cene}} anthropo- + -cene, {{coin|en|Eugene Stoermer|nat=American|nobycat=1|notext=1|occ=biologist}} American biologist Eugene Stoermer Head templates: {{en-proper noun|def=1}} the Anthropocene
  1. (geology, formal, strictly) A proposed but rejected geological epoch, in which the effect of human activities on the global environment has disrupted the natural variability of the Holocene, ending the Holocene. (It was rejected as formal scientific nomenclature in 2024 owing to not meeting a bar for how a geological epoch is formally defined.) Tags: formal Categories (topical): Geology, Climate change, Geological periods
    Sense id: en-Anthropocene-en-name-en:proposed_but_rejected_geological_epoch__strictly Disambiguation of Climate change: 49 51 Disambiguation of Geological periods: 58 42 Categories (other): English terms prefixed with anthropo- Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with anthropo-: 49 51 Topics: geography, geology, natural-sciences
  2. (loosely, informal) The era of human impact on the environment, irrespective of its nomenclatural status as a geological event or epoch; especially, the era of large impact (i.e., on industrial and postindustrial scale). Tags: broadly, informal Categories (topical): Climate change Translations (the current geological period): 人類世 (Chinese Mandarin), 人类世 (Rénlèishì) (Chinese Mandarin), antropocén (Czech), antropoceen [neuter] (Dutch), antropotseen (Estonian), antroposeeni (Finnish), anthropocène [masculine] (French), antropoceno [masculine] (Galician), Anthropozän [neuter] (German), Ανθρωπόκαινο (Anthropókaino) [neuter] (Greek), 人新世 (alt: じんしんせい,jinshinsei) (Japanese), アントロポセン (antoroposen) (Japanese), アンソロポシーン (ansoroposhīn) (Japanese), 인류세 (illyuse) (Korean), آنتروپوسین (ânterupusin) (Persian), antropocen [inanimate, masculine] (Polish), Antropoceno [masculine] (Portuguese), Антропоце́н (Antropocén) [masculine] (Russian), antropocén (Slovak), Antropoceno [masculine] (Spanish), antropocen [common-gender] (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-Anthropocene-en-name-en:era_of_human_impact_on_environment__loosely Disambiguation of Climate change: 49 51 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms prefixed with anthropo-, English terms suffixed with -cene, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Estonian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 34 66 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with anthropo-: 49 51 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -cene: 42 58 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 31 69 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 32 68 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 29 71 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 32 68 Disambiguation of Terms with Estonian translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 32 68 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 43 57 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 29 71 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 41 59 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 40 60 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 29 71 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovak translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 28 72 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of 'the current geological period': 41 59
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: Oliganthropocene Related terms: anthropocenic [adjective], anthropogenic, Pyrocene
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          "ref": "1960, Doklady. Biological Sciences Sections, volumes 132–135, Washington, D.C.: American Institute of Biological Sciences, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 640, column 2:",
          "text": "The tempo of evolution in South American hamsters was very rapid – in the course of the Pliocene and Anthropocene 40 genera were formed here, at which time a series of them attained the level of tribe and subtribe (Oxymycteri, Phyllotiini, Ichthyomyini).",
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          "text": "The above palynologic data indicate that the evolutionary history of vegetation in the upper reaches of the Indigirka during the Holocene was much more complex than has been thought and than is reflected in the existing stratigraphic maps of the Anthropocene of the Northeast USSR[…].",
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          "ref": "2000 May, Paul J[ozef] Crutzen, Eugene F. Stoermer, “The ‘Anthropocene’”, in Will Steffen, editor, Global Change Newsletter, number 41, Stockholm, Sweden: IGBP Secretariat, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, →ISSN, archived from the original on 2017-10-09, page 17:",
          "text": "Considering these and many other major and still growing impacts of human activities on earth and atmosphere, and at all, including global, scales, it seems to us more than appropriate to emphasize the central role of mankind in geology and ecology by proposing to use the term \"anthropocene\" for the current geological epoch.",
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          "ref": "2012 January–February, Donald Worster, “A Drier and Hotter Future [review of A Great Aridness: Climate Change and the Future of the American Southwest (2011) by William deBuys]”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 2017-05-01, page 70:",
          "text": "Phoenix [in Arizona] and Lubbock [in Texas] are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.",
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          "ref": "2013 July 20, “Welcome to the Plastisphere: What is Pollution to Some is Opportunity to Others”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845, archived from the original on 2013-07-31:",
          "text": "Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.",
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          "ref": "2020 April 9, Richard Horton, “Coronavirus is the greatest global science policy failure in a generation”, in The Guardian:",
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          "_dis1": "41 59",
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          "sense": "the current geological period",
          "word": "人類世"
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          "_dis1": "41 59",
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    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "en:Climate change",
    "en:Geological periods"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Oliganthropocene"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "anthropo",
        "3": "cene"
      },
      "expansion": "anthropo- + -cene",
      "name": "confix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Eugene Stoermer",
        "nat": "American",
        "nobycat": "1",
        "notext": "1",
        "occ": "biologist"
      },
      "expansion": "American biologist Eugene Stoermer",
      "name": "coin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a combination of anthropo- + -cene modeled on Holocene, Pleistocene, and similar. First attested in the 1960s in the translations of Russian-language scientific articles, possibly with a different meaning. Supposedly coined independently in the 1980s by American biologist Eugene Stoermer and later popularized by Dutch atmospheric chemist Paul J. Crutzen in 2000.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "the Anthropocene",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "def": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "the Anthropocene",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "An‧thro‧po‧cene"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "anthropocenic"
    },
    {
      "word": "anthropogenic"
    },
    {
      "word": "Pyrocene"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English formal terms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Geology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Holonym: Quaternary (current period)"
        },
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: Holocene (as separate epoch)"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1960, Doklady. Biological Sciences Sections, volumes 132–135, Washington, D.C.: American Institute of Biological Sciences, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 640, column 2:",
          "text": "The tempo of evolution in South American hamsters was very rapid – in the course of the Pliocene and Anthropocene 40 genera were formed here, at which time a series of them attained the level of tribe and subtribe (Oxymycteri, Phyllotiini, Ichthyomyini).",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1967, Doklady of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.: Earth Sciences Sections, volumes 172–177, Washington, D.C.: American Geological Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 62, column 2:",
          "text": "The above palynologic data indicate that the evolutionary history of vegetation in the upper reaches of the Indigirka during the Holocene was much more complex than has been thought and than is reflected in the existing stratigraphic maps of the Anthropocene of the Northeast USSR[…].",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2000 May, Paul J[ozef] Crutzen, Eugene F. Stoermer, “The ‘Anthropocene’”, in Will Steffen, editor, Global Change Newsletter, number 41, Stockholm, Sweden: IGBP Secretariat, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, →ISSN, archived from the original on 2017-10-09, page 17:",
          "text": "Considering these and many other major and still growing impacts of human activities on earth and atmosphere, and at all, including global, scales, it seems to us more than appropriate to emphasize the central role of mankind in geology and ecology by proposing to use the term \"anthropocene\" for the current geological epoch.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012 January–February, Donald Worster, “A Drier and Hotter Future [review of A Great Aridness: Climate Change and the Future of the American Southwest (2011) by William deBuys]”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 2017-05-01, page 70:",
          "text": "Phoenix [in Arizona] and Lubbock [in Texas] are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013 July 20, “Welcome to the Plastisphere: What is Pollution to Some is Opportunity to Others”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845, archived from the original on 2013-07-31:",
          "text": "Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020 April 9, Richard Horton, “Coronavirus is the greatest global science policy failure in a generation”, in The Guardian:",
          "text": "We’re supposed to be living through the Anthropocene, an era where human activity has become the dominant influence on the environment. The idea of the Anthropocene conjures notions of human omnipotence.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2024 March 22, Damian Carrington, “Geologists reject declaration of Anthropocene epoch”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
          "text": "The guardians of the world’s official geological timescale have firmly rejected a proposal to declare an Anthropocene epoch, after an epic academic row.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A proposed but rejected geological epoch, in which the effect of human activities on the global environment has disrupted the natural variability of the Holocene, ending the Holocene. (It was rejected as formal scientific nomenclature in 2024 owing to not meeting a bar for how a geological epoch is formally defined.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "geology",
          "geology"
        ],
        [
          "geological",
          "geological"
        ],
        [
          "epoch",
          "epoch#English:_geology"
        ],
        [
          "effect",
          "effect#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "human",
          "human"
        ],
        [
          "activities",
          "activity"
        ],
        [
          "global",
          "global"
        ],
        [
          "environment",
          "environment"
        ],
        [
          "disrupt",
          "disrupt"
        ],
        [
          "variability",
          "variability"
        ],
        [
          "Holocene",
          "Holocene"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "strictly",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geology, formal, strictly) A proposed but rejected geological epoch, in which the effect of human activities on the global environment has disrupted the natural variability of the Holocene, ending the Holocene. (It was rejected as formal scientific nomenclature in 2024 owing to not meeting a bar for how a geological epoch is formally defined.)"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:proposed but rejected geological epoch, strictly"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "geology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English informal terms"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Holonyms: Holocene (current epoch), Quaternary (current period)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The era of human impact on the environment, irrespective of its nomenclatural status as a geological event or epoch; especially, the era of large impact (i.e., on industrial and postindustrial scale)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "industrial",
          "industrial"
        ],
        [
          "postindustrial",
          "postindustrial"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(loosely, informal) The era of human impact on the environment, irrespective of its nomenclatural status as a geological event or epoch; especially, the era of large impact (i.e., on industrial and postindustrial scale)."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:era of human impact on environment, loosely"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈæn.θɹə.pəˌsiːn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Anthropocene.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Anthropocene.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Anthropocene.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Anthropocene.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Anthropocene.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈæn.θɹə.pəˌsin/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ænˈθɹɑp.əˌsin/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "word": "人類世"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "Rénlèishì",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "word": "人类世"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "word": "antropocén"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "antropoceen"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "word": "antropotseen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "word": "antroposeeni"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "anthropocène"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "antropoceno"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Anthropozän"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "Anthropókaino",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Ανθρωπόκαινο"
    },
    {
      "alt": "じんしんせい,jinshinsei",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "word": "人新世"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "antoroposen",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "word": "アントロポセン"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "ansoroposhīn",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "word": "アンソロポシーン"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "illyuse",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "word": "인류세"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "ânterupusin",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "word": "آنتروپوسین"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "antropocen"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Antropoceno"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "Antropocén",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Антропоце́н"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "word": "antropocén"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Antropoceno"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "the current geological period",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "antropocen"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Paul J. Crutzen",
    "The New York Times"
  ],
  "word": "Anthropocene"
}

Download raw JSONL data for Anthropocene meaning in All languages combined (10.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.