See -pi on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-pi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-pi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-pa",
"pos": "participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-pa (participle ending)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-pi, derived from Proto-Finnic *-pa (participle ending).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-pi",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Finland is my homeland...",
"text": "Kotimaani ompi Suomi...",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the third-person singular indicative present of verbs."
],
"id": "en--pi-fi-suffix-yM2yXBc4",
"raw_glosses": [
"(personal, dialectal or poetic) Forms the third-person singular indicative present of verbs."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-vi"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"morpheme",
"personal",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"word": "-pi"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lkt",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-pi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lakota",
"lang_code": "lkt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lakota entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "my relatives",
"text": "mitakuyepi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural marker"
],
"id": "en--pi-lkt-suffix-tTYB11B5",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-pi"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-pi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I left it at the house.",
"text": "Wasipi saqirqani."
},
{
"english": "In one year there are twelve months.",
"text": "Huk watapiqa chunka iskayniyuq killam kan."
},
{
"english": "I live there.",
"text": "Chaypim yachani."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix for the locative case."
],
"id": "en--pi-qu-suffix-uTpILZiH",
"links": [
[
"locative",
"locative"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "Ancash",
"word": "-chaw"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɪ/"
}
],
"word": "-pi"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "twf",
"2": "postposition"
},
"expansion": "-pi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Taos",
"lang_code": "twf",
"pos": "postp",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Taos entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Taos postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Taos terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alongside"
],
"id": "en--pi-twf-postp-DPzcLwmR",
"links": [
[
"alongside",
"alongside"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pi/"
}
],
"word": "-pi"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zom",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*pwi(y)-n",
"4": "*pwi",
"5": "female"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pwi (“female”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pwi (“female”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zom",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-pi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zou",
"lang_code": "zom",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zou entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ah (“chicken”) + -pi → ahpi (“hen”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns for female animals."
],
"id": "en--pi-zom-suffix-2IDCsQYw",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-pì/"
}
],
"word": "-pi"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-b"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -b",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -b"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-pi",
"3": "-vi"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -pi, -vi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Both archaic. The suffix has been reduced to <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fi\">-V</i>."
},
"expansion": "(Both archaic. The suffix has been reduced to -V.)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -pi, -vi (Both archaic. The suffix has been reduced to -V.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-p"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -p",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in verbs ending in -ja or -vva"
},
"expansion": "(in verbs ending in -ja or -vva)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -p (in verbs ending in -ja or -vva)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-b"
},
"expansion": "Veps: -b",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: -b"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to *-pa. The final *-i may be of the same origin as in ei (see *e-).\nLauri Hakulinen, in his seminal Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys, proposes a sound change from unstressed final *a to *i in bisyllabic words with a long initial syllable or any word with more than two syllables. This could then have been generalized by analogy (and participles exempted likewise by analogy, as their oblique forms would not have been affected).\nKallio (SUST264) discusses the same sound change and shows that it has also taken place in the comparative ending, *-mpi, as well as the instrumental derivative suffix and superlative ending, *-in, and the caritive suffix, *-t'oin.\nOriginally restricted to 'Coastal Finnic' (i.e. Finnic except South Estonian), but has also spread into some South Estonian dialects. The original South Estonian third-person singular forms were endingless, which is probably an archaism rather than an innovation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-pi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-pi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"3rd person singular present marker."
],
"id": "en--pi-urj-fin-pro-suffix-w56Z0zey",
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "weak grade",
"word": "-bi"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-pi"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-pi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-pi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-pa",
"pos": "participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-pa (participle ending)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-pi, derived from Proto-Finnic *-pa (participle ending).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-pi",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish archaic terms",
"Finnish dialectal terms",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish personal suffixes",
"Finnish poetic terms",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Finland is my homeland...",
"text": "Kotimaani ompi Suomi...",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the third-person singular indicative present of verbs."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(personal, dialectal or poetic) Forms the third-person singular indicative present of verbs."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"morpheme",
"personal",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-vi"
}
],
"word": "-pi"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lkt",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-pi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lakota",
"lang_code": "lkt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lakota entries with incorrect language header",
"Lakota lemmas",
"Lakota suffixes",
"Lakota terms with usage examples",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "my relatives",
"text": "mitakuyepi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural marker"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-pi"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-b"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -b",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -b"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-pi",
"3": "-vi"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -pi, -vi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Both archaic. The suffix has been reduced to <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fi\">-V</i>."
},
"expansion": "(Both archaic. The suffix has been reduced to -V.)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -pi, -vi (Both archaic. The suffix has been reduced to -V.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-p"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -p",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in verbs ending in -ja or -vva"
},
"expansion": "(in verbs ending in -ja or -vva)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -p (in verbs ending in -ja or -vva)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-b"
},
"expansion": "Veps: -b",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: -b"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to *-pa. The final *-i may be of the same origin as in ei (see *e-).\nLauri Hakulinen, in his seminal Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys, proposes a sound change from unstressed final *a to *i in bisyllabic words with a long initial syllable or any word with more than two syllables. This could then have been generalized by analogy (and participles exempted likewise by analogy, as their oblique forms would not have been affected).\nKallio (SUST264) discusses the same sound change and shows that it has also taken place in the comparative ending, *-mpi, as well as the instrumental derivative suffix and superlative ending, *-in, and the caritive suffix, *-t'oin.\nOriginally restricted to 'Coastal Finnic' (i.e. Finnic except South Estonian), but has also spread into some South Estonian dialects. The original South Estonian third-person singular forms were endingless, which is probably an archaism rather than an innovation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-pi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-pi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"3rd person singular present marker."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "weak grade",
"word": "-bi"
}
],
"word": "-pi"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-pi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"Quechua lemmas",
"Quechua suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I left it at the house.",
"text": "Wasipi saqirqani."
},
{
"english": "In one year there are twelve months.",
"text": "Huk watapiqa chunka iskayniyuq killam kan."
},
{
"english": "I live there.",
"text": "Chaypim yachani."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix for the locative case."
],
"links": [
[
"locative",
"locative"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɪ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "Ancash",
"word": "-chaw"
}
],
"word": "-pi"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "twf",
"2": "postposition"
},
"expansion": "-pi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Taos",
"lang_code": "twf",
"pos": "postp",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Taos entries with incorrect language header",
"Taos lemmas",
"Taos postpositions",
"Taos terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"alongside"
],
"links": [
[
"alongside",
"alongside"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pi/"
}
],
"word": "-pi"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zom",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*pwi(y)-n",
"4": "*pwi",
"5": "female"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pwi (“female”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pwi (“female”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zom",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-pi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zou",
"lang_code": "zom",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zou entries with incorrect language header",
"Zou lemmas",
"Zou suffixes",
"Zou terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ah (“chicken”) + -pi → ahpi (“hen”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns for female animals."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-pì/"
}
],
"word": "-pi"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -pi meaning in All languages combined (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.