See -p on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "Apocopic suffixing form of pe (“thing, article”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ain",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "Kana spelling",
"4": "ㇷ゚",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{3}}}",
"f1sc": "Kana",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "-p (Kana spelling ㇷ゚)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ainu",
"lang_code": "ain",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ainu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ainu terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(Nominalizing suffix: forms nouns from adjectives, verbs, or numbers, indicating \"person or thing that does [verb]\", or \"person or thing that has [quality]\", depending on the word to which this is added.)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thing, -er"
],
"id": "en--p-ain-suffix-bpIvB~Xv",
"links": [
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"John Batchelor (missionary)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-p/"
}
],
"word": "-p"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-p",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"It can be detected today only in a few obscured derivations such as harap (“to bite”), állapot (“state”), csillapodik (“to calm down”)."
],
"id": "en--p-hu-suffix--XmbpnGu",
"links": [
[
"harap",
"harap#Hungarian"
],
[
"állapot",
"állapot#Hungarian"
],
[
"csillapodik",
"csillapodik#Hungarian"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete instantaneous suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete instantaneous suffix) It can be detected today only in a few obscured derivations such as harap (“to bite”), állapot (“state”), csillapodik (“to calm down”)."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"It can be analyzed from a few derivatives. Presumably it became obsolete already in the Proto-Hungarian period. Its voiced variant -b has also developed. Found today only in a few words, such as közép, hasáb, nyaláb. When the language innovators created the nouns alap (“base”) and szerep (“role”), they inferred the -p suffix from back-formations such as telep back-formed from telepedik, ülep back-formed from ülepedik which were originally formed with the instantaneous suffix -p."
],
"id": "en--p-hu-suffix-euLoOE9d",
"links": [
[
"közép",
"közép#Hungarian"
],
[
"hasáb",
"hasáb#Hungarian"
],
[
"nyaláb",
"nyaláb#Hungarian"
],
[
"alap",
"alap#Hungarian"
],
[
"szerep",
"szerep#Hungarian"
],
[
"telep",
"telep#Hungarian"
],
[
"telepedik",
"telepedik#Hungarian"
],
[
"ülep",
"ülep#Hungarian"
],
[
"ülepedik",
"ülepedik#Hungarian"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete noun-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete noun-forming suffix) It can be analyzed from a few derivatives. Presumably it became obsolete already in the Proto-Hungarian period. Its voiced variant -b has also developed. Found today only in a few words, such as közép, hasáb, nyaláb. When the language innovators created the nouns alap (“base”) and szerep (“role”), they inferred the -p suffix from back-formations such as telep back-formed from telepedik, ülep back-formed from ülepedik which were originally formed with the instantaneous suffix -p."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-p"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-pi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-pi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-pi"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -pi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-b"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -b",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-pi. Cognates include Finnish -pi and Estonian -b.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-p",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-p",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third-person present singular marker."
],
"id": "en--p-izh-suffix-MIJzF0Gp",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-pi/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-pi]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-p/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-p]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-p"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-p",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-p",
"name": "lv-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-up"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -up"
],
"id": "en--p-lv-suffix-m7R8sQy9",
"links": [
[
"-up",
"-up#Latvian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-p"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-q",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-p",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
5
]
],
"english": "my name",
"text": "ñuqap sutiy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Genitive marker following vowels. See also: -pa."
],
"id": "en--p-qu-suffix-3XD~uUxK",
"links": [
[
"Genitive",
"genitive#English"
],
[
"-pa",
"-pa#Quechua"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-p/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-χ]",
"note": "Cuzco-Collao"
}
],
"word": "-p"
}
{
"etymology_text": "Apocopic suffixing form of pe (“thing, article”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ain",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "Kana spelling",
"4": "ㇷ゚",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{3}}}",
"f1sc": "Kana",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "-p (Kana spelling ㇷ゚)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ainu",
"lang_code": "ain",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ainu entries with incorrect language header",
"Ainu lemmas",
"Ainu suffixes",
"Ainu terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(Nominalizing suffix: forms nouns from adjectives, verbs, or numbers, indicating \"person or thing that does [verb]\", or \"person or thing that has [quality]\", depending on the word to which this is added.)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thing, -er"
],
"links": [
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"John Batchelor (missionary)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-p/"
}
],
"word": "-p"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-p",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"It can be detected today only in a few obscured derivations such as harap (“to bite”), állapot (“state”), csillapodik (“to calm down”)."
],
"links": [
[
"harap",
"harap#Hungarian"
],
[
"állapot",
"állapot#Hungarian"
],
[
"csillapodik",
"csillapodik#Hungarian"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete instantaneous suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete instantaneous suffix) It can be detected today only in a few obscured derivations such as harap (“to bite”), állapot (“state”), csillapodik (“to calm down”)."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"It can be analyzed from a few derivatives. Presumably it became obsolete already in the Proto-Hungarian period. Its voiced variant -b has also developed. Found today only in a few words, such as közép, hasáb, nyaláb. When the language innovators created the nouns alap (“base”) and szerep (“role”), they inferred the -p suffix from back-formations such as telep back-formed from telepedik, ülep back-formed from ülepedik which were originally formed with the instantaneous suffix -p."
],
"links": [
[
"közép",
"közép#Hungarian"
],
[
"hasáb",
"hasáb#Hungarian"
],
[
"nyaláb",
"nyaláb#Hungarian"
],
[
"alap",
"alap#Hungarian"
],
[
"szerep",
"szerep#Hungarian"
],
[
"telep",
"telep#Hungarian"
],
[
"telepedik",
"telepedik#Hungarian"
],
[
"ülep",
"ülep#Hungarian"
],
[
"ülepedik",
"ülepedik#Hungarian"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete noun-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete noun-forming suffix) It can be analyzed from a few derivatives. Presumably it became obsolete already in the Proto-Hungarian period. Its voiced variant -b has also developed. Found today only in a few words, such as közép, hasáb, nyaláb. When the language innovators created the nouns alap (“base”) and szerep (“role”), they inferred the -p suffix from back-formations such as telep back-formed from telepedik, ülep back-formed from ülepedik which were originally formed with the instantaneous suffix -p."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-p"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-pi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-pi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-pi"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -pi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-b"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -b",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-pi. Cognates include Finnish -pi and Estonian -b.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-p",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-p",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian suffixes",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Third-person present singular marker."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-pi/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-pi]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-p/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-p]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-p"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-p",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-p",
"name": "lv-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-up"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -up"
],
"links": [
[
"-up",
"-up#Latvian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-p"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-q",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-p",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"Quechua lemmas",
"Quechua suffixes",
"Quechua terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
5
]
],
"english": "my name",
"text": "ñuqap sutiy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Genitive marker following vowels. See also: -pa."
],
"links": [
[
"Genitive",
"genitive#English"
],
[
"-pa",
"-pa#Quechua"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-p/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-χ]",
"note": "Cuzco-Collao"
}
],
"word": "-p"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -p meaning in All languages combined (5.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Kana spelling ㇷ゚",
"path": [
"-p"
],
"section": "Ainu",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-p",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.