See -j on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -j meaning in All languages combined (15.5kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "u",
"3": "",
"4": "I"
},
"expansion": "u (“I”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to reflexive pronoun u (“I”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-j",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Examples of o-stem verbs:"
},
{
"text": "• afro (“bring closer!”) + -j → afroj (“I bring closer”)"
},
{
"text": "• barazo (“equalize!”) + -j → barazoj (“I equalize”)"
},
{
"text": "• krahaso (“compare!”) + -j → krahasoj (“I compare”)"
},
{
"text": "• shko (“go!”) (2nd pers. singular verb form) + -j (“I”) → shkoj (“I go”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Attached to o-stem verbs (in active voice). Indicating 1st person singular; indicative, present."
],
"id": "en--j-sq-suffix-3EJj8jq-",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"active voice",
"active voice"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative"
],
[
"present",
"present"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Tosk"
],
"word": "-nj"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/j/"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-wj"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-tj"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "",
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>"
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "egy-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Marks the dual form of nouns and adjectives. Attaches to the singular form if feminine or the plural form if masculine."
],
"id": "en--j-egy-suffix-ftGF8VHu",
"links": [
[
"dual",
"dual#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 18 8 7 17 19 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sometimes added to suffix pronouns attached to dual nouns."
],
"id": "en--j-egy-suffix-BCjG8s8M",
"links": [
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"pronoun",
"pronoun#English"
],
[
"dual",
"dual#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"note": "reconstructed Old Egyptian",
"other": "/Vj/"
},
{
"ipa": "/i/",
"note": "modern Egyptological"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "afa-pro",
"3": "*-i",
"pos": "genitive-possessive case ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Afroasiatic *-i (genitive-possessive case ending)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Hypothesized to be from Proto-Afroasiatic *-i (genitive-possessive case ending).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "",
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>"
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "egy-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 10 17 8 3 21 22 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Egyptian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 18 8 7 17 19 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Converts nouns (including proper nouns and nisbas used nominally), prepositions, independent pronouns, and numerals into masculine adjectives: the masculine nisba adjective ending."
],
"id": "en--j-egy-suffix-x~ZjDyiq",
"links": [
[
"nisba",
"nisba#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "i"
},
{
"word": "[Old Egyptian]"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "reconstructed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "reconstructed"
},
{
"ipa": "/(ej)/",
"note": "reconstructed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ej/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/eʔ/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɾ/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/i/",
"note": "modern Egyptological"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "i-i"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-y"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "",
"3": "*-iu"
},
"expansion": "*-iu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "",
"3": "*-iju"
},
"expansion": "*-iju",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "afa-pro",
"3": "*-u",
"pos": "nominative case ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Afroasiatic *-u (nominative case ending)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "afa-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-i"
},
"expansion": "*-i",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "afa-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ij"
},
"expansion": "*-ij",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Hypothesized to be from earlier *-iu or *-iju, from Proto-Afroasiatic *-u (nominative case ending) attached to a root ending in *-i or *-ij.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "i",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "",
"head": "<hiero>i</hiero>",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "i",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "<hiero>i</hiero>"
},
"expansion": "i",
"name": "egy-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms i-stem masculine nouns from roots."
],
"id": "en--j-egy-suffix-p8sj580q",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "reconstructed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "reconstructed"
},
{
"ipa": "/(ej)/",
"note": "reconstructed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ej/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/eʔ/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɾ/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/i/",
"note": "modern Egyptological"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "",
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>"
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "egy-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms prepositional adverbs from certain prepositions."
],
"id": "en--j-egy-suffix-eSM~aYMA",
"links": [
[
"prepositional adverbs",
"w:Prepositional adverb"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "-t"
},
"expansion": "-t",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "",
"3": "-j"
},
"expansion": "-j",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the earlier infinitival ending -t; the consonant of this suffix became silent over time, leaving its remaining vowel to be represented by -j.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "",
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>"
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "egy-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 10 17 8 3 21 22 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Egyptian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 18 8 7 17 19 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the infinitive of anomalous verbs, weak verbs (except for fourth weak verbs with a geminated stem), and causative biliteral verbs."
],
"id": "en--j-egy-suffix-lEOe8G4w",
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"forms": [
{
"form": "y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "",
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>"
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "egy-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 10 17 8 3 21 22 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Egyptian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 18 8 7 17 19 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Optionally marks the masculine imperfective active participle, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings."
],
"id": "en--j-egy-suffix-A4t-oPFn",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "i-i"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-y"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"forms": [
{
"form": "y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "",
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>"
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "egy-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 10 17 8 3 21 22 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Egyptian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 18 8 7 17 19 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Optionally marks the masculine geminated perfective passive participle of strong biliteral verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings."
],
"id": "en--j-egy-suffix-M8iM1vom",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"suffix"
],
"word": ".j"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-οι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -οι (-oi)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-αι"
},
"expansion": "-αι (-ai)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ae"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ae",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the nominative plural in /i/ or /j/ found in many European languages, particularly the original diphthongs Ancient Greek -οι (-oi), -αι (-ai), and Latin -ae.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-j",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto 1894 Universala Vortaro",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto BRO1",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto endings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Words approved by the Akademio de Esperanto",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "juna patro (young father) → junaj patroj (young fathers)"
},
{
"text": "mia vundita mano (my injured hand) → miaj vunditaj manoj (my injured hands)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-s, -es (marks the plural form of nouns, adjectives, and some pronouns)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en--j-eo-suffix-yvnXnsTA",
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s"
],
[
"-es",
"-es"
],
[
"plural",
"plural"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/j/"
},
{
"ipa": "[i̯]"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-j",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Wait!",
"text": "vár (“to wait”) → Várj!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Should I wait?",
"text": "Várjak?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the second-person singular subjunctive/imperative of verbs (indefinite conjugation). It is also part of all subjunctive/imperative suffixes in both indefinite and definite conjugations."
],
"id": "en--j-hu-suffix-8oAcQgWS",
"links": [
[
"second-person",
"second person#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
],
[
"imperative",
"imperative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(personal suffix) Forms the second-person singular subjunctive/imperative of verbs (indefinite conjugation). It is also part of all subjunctive/imperative suffixes in both indefinite and definite conjugations."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"personal",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[j]"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-j",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"j"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a → działać → dzialaj"
},
{
"text": "e → bieleć → bielej"
},
{
"text": "i → bić → bij"
},
{
"text": "u → kuć → kuj"
},
{
"text": "y → gaworzyć → gaworzyj"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms imperatives of vowel stems"
],
"id": "en--j-pl-suffix-xElLAH79",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-yj"
},
{
"word": "-ij"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/j/"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Samic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sma",
"2": "-j"
},
"expansion": "Southern Sami: -j",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Sami: -j"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smj",
"2": "-j"
},
"expansion": "Lule Sami: -j",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lule Sami: -j"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Samic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smn",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Inari Sami: -i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Inari Sami: -i"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-j",
"4": "",
"5": "oblique plural"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-j (“oblique plural”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-j (“oblique plural”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-j",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samic",
"lang_code": "smi-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samic/-j",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Samic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ending of the genitive plural."
],
"id": "en--j-smi-pro-suffix-1Fue3Jik",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "u",
"3": "",
"4": "I"
},
"expansion": "u (“I”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to reflexive pronoun u (“I”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-j",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian suffixes",
"Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Examples of o-stem verbs:"
},
{
"text": "• afro (“bring closer!”) + -j → afroj (“I bring closer”)"
},
{
"text": "• barazo (“equalize!”) + -j → barazoj (“I equalize”)"
},
{
"text": "• krahaso (“compare!”) + -j → krahasoj (“I compare”)"
},
{
"text": "• shko (“go!”) (2nd pers. singular verb form) + -j (“I”) → shkoj (“I go”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Attached to o-stem verbs (in active voice). Indicating 1st person singular; indicative, present."
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"active voice",
"active voice"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative"
],
[
"present",
"present"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/j/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Tosk"
],
"word": "-nj"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"categories": [
"Egyptian entries with incorrect language header",
"Egyptian lemmas",
"Egyptian suffixes",
"Egyptian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-wj"
},
{
"word": "-tj"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "",
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>"
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "egy-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Marks the dual form of nouns and adjectives. Attaches to the singular form if feminine or the plural form if masculine."
],
"links": [
[
"dual",
"dual#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Sometimes added to suffix pronouns attached to dual nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"pronoun",
"pronoun#English"
],
[
"dual",
"dual#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"note": "reconstructed Old Egyptian",
"other": "/Vj/"
},
{
"ipa": "/i/",
"note": "modern Egyptological"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"categories": [
"Egyptian entries with incorrect language header",
"Egyptian lemmas",
"Egyptian suffixes",
"Egyptian terms derived from Proto-Afroasiatic",
"Egyptian terms inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic",
"Egyptian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "afa-pro",
"3": "*-i",
"pos": "genitive-possessive case ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Afroasiatic *-i (genitive-possessive case ending)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Hypothesized to be from Proto-Afroasiatic *-i (genitive-possessive case ending).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "",
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>"
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "egy-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Converts nouns (including proper nouns and nisbas used nominally), prepositions, independent pronouns, and numerals into masculine adjectives: the masculine nisba adjective ending."
],
"links": [
[
"nisba",
"nisba#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "reconstructed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "reconstructed"
},
{
"ipa": "/(ej)/",
"note": "reconstructed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ej/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/eʔ/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɾ/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/i/",
"note": "modern Egyptological"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "i"
},
{
"word": "i-i"
},
{
"word": "-y"
},
{
"word": "[Old Egyptian]"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"categories": [
"Egyptian entries with incorrect language header",
"Egyptian lemmas",
"Egyptian suffixes",
"Egyptian terms derived from Proto-Afroasiatic",
"Egyptian terms inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic",
"Egyptian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "",
"3": "*-iu"
},
"expansion": "*-iu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "",
"3": "*-iju"
},
"expansion": "*-iju",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "afa-pro",
"3": "*-u",
"pos": "nominative case ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Afroasiatic *-u (nominative case ending)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "afa-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-i"
},
"expansion": "*-i",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "afa-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ij"
},
"expansion": "*-ij",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Hypothesized to be from earlier *-iu or *-iju, from Proto-Afroasiatic *-u (nominative case ending) attached to a root ending in *-i or *-ij.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "i",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "",
"head": "<hiero>i</hiero>",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "i",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "<hiero>i</hiero>"
},
"expansion": "i",
"name": "egy-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms i-stem masculine nouns from roots."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "reconstructed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "reconstructed"
},
{
"ipa": "/(ej)/",
"note": "reconstructed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ij/",
"note": "Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ej/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/eʔ/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɾ/",
"note": "latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE"
},
{
"ipa": "/i/",
"note": "modern Egyptological"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"categories": [
"Egyptian entries with incorrect language header",
"Egyptian lemmas",
"Egyptian suffixes",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "",
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>"
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "egy-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms prepositional adverbs from certain prepositions."
],
"links": [
[
"prepositional adverbs",
"w:Prepositional adverb"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"categories": [
"Egyptian entries with incorrect language header",
"Egyptian lemmas",
"Egyptian suffixes",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "-t"
},
"expansion": "-t",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "",
"3": "-j"
},
"expansion": "-j",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the earlier infinitival ending -t; the consonant of this suffix became silent over time, leaving its remaining vowel to be represented by -j.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "",
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>"
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "egy-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms the infinitive of anomalous verbs, weak verbs (except for fourth weak verbs with a geminated stem), and causative biliteral verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"categories": [
"Egyptian entries with incorrect language header",
"Egyptian lemmas",
"Egyptian suffixes",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"forms": [
{
"form": "y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "",
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>"
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "egy-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Optionally marks the masculine imperfective active participle, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "i-i"
},
{
"word": "-y"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"categories": [
"Egyptian entries with incorrect language header",
"Egyptian lemmas",
"Egyptian suffixes",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"forms": [
{
"form": "y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "",
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "<hiero>y</hiero>"
},
"expansion": "y",
"name": "egy-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"suffix"
],
"word": ".j"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Optionally marks the masculine geminated perfective passive participle of strong biliteral verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-οι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -οι (-oi)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-αι"
},
"expansion": "-αι (-ai)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ae"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ae",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the nominative plural in /i/ or /j/ found in many European languages, particularly the original diphthongs Ancient Greek -οι (-oi), -αι (-ai), and Latin -ae.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-j",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto 1894 Universala Vortaro",
"Esperanto BRO1",
"Esperanto endings",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto suffixes",
"Esperanto terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Esperanto terms derived from Latin",
"Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Esperanto terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Words approved by the Akademio de Esperanto"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "juna patro (young father) → junaj patroj (young fathers)"
},
{
"text": "mia vundita mano (my injured hand) → miaj vunditaj manoj (my injured hands)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-s, -es (marks the plural form of nouns, adjectives, and some pronouns)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s"
],
[
"-es",
"-es"
],
[
"plural",
"plural"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/j/"
},
{
"ipa": "[i̯]"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-j",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian terms with usage examples",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Wait!",
"text": "vár (“to wait”) → Várj!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Should I wait?",
"text": "Várjak?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the second-person singular subjunctive/imperative of verbs (indefinite conjugation). It is also part of all subjunctive/imperative suffixes in both indefinite and definite conjugations."
],
"links": [
[
"second-person",
"second person#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
],
[
"imperative",
"imperative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(personal suffix) Forms the second-person singular subjunctive/imperative of verbs (indefinite conjugation). It is also part of all subjunctive/imperative suffixes in both indefinite and definite conjugations."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"personal",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[j]"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-j",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"j"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a → działać → dzialaj"
},
{
"text": "e → bieleć → bielej"
},
{
"text": "i → bić → bij"
},
{
"text": "u → kuć → kuj"
},
{
"text": "y → gaworzyć → gaworzyj"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms imperatives of vowel stems"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/j/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-yj"
},
{
"word": "-ij"
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Samic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sma",
"2": "-j"
},
"expansion": "Southern Sami: -j",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Sami: -j"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smj",
"2": "-j"
},
"expansion": "Lule Sami: -j",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lule Sami: -j"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Samic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smn",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Inari Sami: -i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Inari Sami: -i"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-j",
"4": "",
"5": "oblique plural"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-j (“oblique plural”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-j (“oblique plural”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-j",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samic",
"lang_code": "smi-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samic/-j",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Samic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Samic inflectional suffixes",
"Proto-Samic lemmas",
"Proto-Samic suffixes",
"Proto-Samic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Samic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"glosses": [
"Ending of the genitive plural."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-j"
}
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, -j/Esperanto",
"path": [
"-j"
],
"section": "Esperanto",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-j",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.