See -akъ on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -akъ meaning in All languages combined (8.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-акъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -акъ (-akŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -акъ (-akŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-ак"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -ак (-ak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -ак (-ak)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ак"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -ак (-ak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -ак (-ak)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-ак"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -ак (-ak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -ак (-ak)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-акъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: -акъ (-akŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: -акъ (-akŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ⰰⰽⱏ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: -ⰰⰽⱏ (-akŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: -ⰰⰽⱏ (-akŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ак"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -ак (-ak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -ак (-ak)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-ак"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -ак (-ak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -ак (-ak)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ак",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -ак",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -ак"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ak",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -ak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -ak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-ak"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -ak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -ak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ák",
"3": "-ak"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -ák, -ak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -ák, -ak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "-ôk"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: -ôk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: -ôk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ak"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -ak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -ak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-ák",
"3": "-ak"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -ák, -ak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -ák, -ak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "-ók",
"3": "-ok"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: -ók, -ok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: -ók, -ok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-ak"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -ak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: -ak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "-ak"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -ak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: -ak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yiddish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "־אַק"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: ־אַק (-ak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: ־אַק (-ak)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ědakъ",
"gloss": "greedy man"
},
"expansion": "*ědakъ (“greedy man”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ěsti",
"3": "*est < *ed-ti",
"gloss": "to eat"
},
"expansion": "*est < *ed-ti (“to eat”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ěda",
"gloss": "food"
},
"expansion": "*ěda (“food”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νέος",
"gloss": "new, young"
},
"expansion": "νέος (néos, “new, young”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νέαξ",
"3": "νέᾱξ"
},
"expansion": "νέᾱξ (néāx)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νέακος",
"3": "νέᾱκος",
"gloss": "young man"
},
"expansion": "νέᾱκος (néākos, “young man”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*novъ",
"gloss": "new"
},
"expansion": "*novъ (“new”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*novakъ",
"gloss": "novice"
},
"expansion": "*novakъ (“novice”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "naũjas",
"gloss": "new"
},
"expansion": "naũjas (“new”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "naujõkas",
"3": "",
"gloss": "novice"
},
"expansion": "naujõkas (“novice”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal derivations are easily secondary, motivated by parallel formations, e.g.\n* North Slavic *ědakъ (“greedy man”) ← *est < *ed-ti (“to eat”) : *ěda (“food”).\nComparison with cognates in other Indo-European languages indicates antiquity of deadjectival formations:\n* Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “new, young”) → νέᾱξ (néāx), νέᾱκος (néākos, “young man”) : Slavic *novъ (“new”) → *novakъ (“novice”)\n* Lithuanian naũjas (“new”) → naujõkas (“novice”)\nCognate with Proto-Celtic *-ākos (see Etymology 2).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-akъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-aci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-aka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-akъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-aku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-akoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-akomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-aky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-akъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-akomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-acě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-ače",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-akъ",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "junъ (“young”) → *junakъ (“a young man”)"
},
{
"text": "novъ (“new”) → *novakъ (“novice”)"
},
{
"text": "lěvъ (“left”) → *lěvakъ (“left-handed man”)"
},
{
"text": "svojь (“one's own”) → *svojakъ (“relative, cousin”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deadjectival, forming nouns denoting a carrier of a property."
],
"id": "en--akъ-sla-pro-suffix-SNo3VI8H",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "rodъ (“kin”) → *roďakъ (“relative, cousin”)"
},
{
"text": "kory (“root”) → *koreňakъ (“native, one from the root”)"
},
{
"text": "moře (“sea”) → *mořakъ (“sailor”)"
},
{
"text": "ryba (“fish”) → *rybakъ (“fishing”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming nouns denoting something connected in meaning to the base-word."
],
"id": "en--akъ-sla-pro-suffix-S5~4KtUR",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gǫsь (“goose”) → *gǫsakъ (“gander”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming masculine counterparts of feminine nouns."
],
"id": "en--akъ-sla-pro-suffix-qX8HNTJI",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 29 16 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "prositi (“to ask; beg”) → *prosjakъ >*prošakъ (“beggar; asker”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal, from the root, forming agent nouns."
],
"id": "en--akъ-sla-pro-suffix-w~TlNyHi",
"links": [
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "causing iotation of the preceding consonant",
"word": "-jakъ"
}
],
"word": "-akъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-акъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -акъ (-akŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -акъ (-akŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-ак"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -ак (-ak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -ак (-ak)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ак"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -ак (-ak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -ак (-ak)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-ак"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -ак (-ak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -ак (-ak)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-акъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: -акъ (-akŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: -акъ (-akŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ⰰⰽⱏ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: -ⰰⰽⱏ (-akŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: -ⰰⰽⱏ (-akŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ак"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -ак (-ak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -ак (-ak)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-ак"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -ак (-ak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -ак (-ak)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ак",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -ак",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -ак"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ak",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -ak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -ak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-ak"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -ak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -ak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ák",
"3": "-ak"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -ák, -ak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -ák, -ak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "-ôk"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: -ôk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: -ôk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ak"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -ak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -ak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-ák",
"3": "-ak"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -ák, -ak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -ák, -ak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "-ók",
"3": "-ok"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: -ók, -ok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: -ók, -ok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-ak"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -ak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: -ak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "-ak"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -ak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: -ak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yiddish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "־אַק"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: ־אַק (-ak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: ־אַק (-ak)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ědakъ",
"gloss": "greedy man"
},
"expansion": "*ědakъ (“greedy man”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ěsti",
"3": "*est < *ed-ti",
"gloss": "to eat"
},
"expansion": "*est < *ed-ti (“to eat”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ěda",
"gloss": "food"
},
"expansion": "*ěda (“food”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νέος",
"gloss": "new, young"
},
"expansion": "νέος (néos, “new, young”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νέαξ",
"3": "νέᾱξ"
},
"expansion": "νέᾱξ (néāx)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νέακος",
"3": "νέᾱκος",
"gloss": "young man"
},
"expansion": "νέᾱκος (néākos, “young man”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*novъ",
"gloss": "new"
},
"expansion": "*novъ (“new”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*novakъ",
"gloss": "novice"
},
"expansion": "*novakъ (“novice”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "naũjas",
"gloss": "new"
},
"expansion": "naũjas (“new”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "naujõkas",
"3": "",
"gloss": "novice"
},
"expansion": "naujõkas (“novice”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal derivations are easily secondary, motivated by parallel formations, e.g.\n* North Slavic *ědakъ (“greedy man”) ← *est < *ed-ti (“to eat”) : *ěda (“food”).\nComparison with cognates in other Indo-European languages indicates antiquity of deadjectival formations:\n* Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “new, young”) → νέᾱξ (néāx), νέᾱκος (néākos, “young man”) : Slavic *novъ (“new”) → *novakъ (“novice”)\n* Lithuanian naũjas (“new”) → naujõkas (“novice”)\nCognate with Proto-Celtic *-ākos (see Etymology 2).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-akъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-aci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-aka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-akъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-aku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-akoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-akomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-aky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-akъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-akomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-acě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-ače",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-akъ",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "junъ (“young”) → *junakъ (“a young man”)"
},
{
"text": "novъ (“new”) → *novakъ (“novice”)"
},
{
"text": "lěvъ (“left”) → *lěvakъ (“left-handed man”)"
},
{
"text": "svojь (“one's own”) → *svojakъ (“relative, cousin”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deadjectival, forming nouns denoting a carrier of a property."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "rodъ (“kin”) → *roďakъ (“relative, cousin”)"
},
{
"text": "kory (“root”) → *koreňakъ (“native, one from the root”)"
},
{
"text": "moře (“sea”) → *mořakъ (“sailor”)"
},
{
"text": "ryba (“fish”) → *rybakъ (“fishing”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming nouns denoting something connected in meaning to the base-word."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gǫsь (“goose”) → *gǫsakъ (“gander”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming masculine counterparts of feminine nouns."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prositi (“to ask; beg”) → *prosjakъ >*prošakъ (“beggar; asker”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal, from the root, forming agent nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "causing iotation of the preceding consonant",
"word": "-jakъ"
}
],
"word": "-akъ"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.