"-느니" meaning in All languages combined

See -느니 on Wiktionary

Suffix [Korean]

IPA: [nɯni] [SK-Standard, Seoul] Forms: 느니 [canonical], -neuni [romanization]
Head templates: {{ko-pos|suffix}} 느니 • (-neuni)
  1. rather; marks the following clause as a preferable choice. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--느니-ko-suffix-v~M7-JyX Categories (other): Korean entries with incorrect language header, Korean entries with language name categories using raw markup, Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Korean terms with redundant script codes, Korean terms with redundant transliterations, Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks, Native Korean words Disambiguation of Korean entries with incorrect language header: 30 32 38 Disambiguation of Korean entries with language name categories using raw markup: 41 27 32 Disambiguation of Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 37 31 32 Disambiguation of Korean terms with redundant script codes: 35 31 33 Disambiguation of Korean terms with redundant transliterations: 35 31 34 Disambiguation of Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks: 36 31 33 Disambiguation of Native Korean words: 34 24 41
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix [Korean]

IPA: [nɯni] [SK-Standard, Seoul] Forms: 느니... 느니 [canonical], -neuni... -neuni [romanization]
Etymology templates: {{anchor|opposition}} Head templates: {{ko-pos|suffix|head=-느니... -느니}} 느니... 느니 • (-neuni... -neuni)
  1. saying... and saying...; conveys a dispute between opposing viewpoints. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--느니-ko-suffix-RJXIO6H6 Categories (other): Korean entries with incorrect language header, Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Korean terms with redundant script codes, Korean terms with redundant transliterations, Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks, Native Korean words Disambiguation of Korean entries with incorrect language header: 30 32 38 Disambiguation of Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 37 31 32 Disambiguation of Korean terms with redundant script codes: 35 31 33 Disambiguation of Korean terms with redundant transliterations: 35 31 34 Disambiguation of Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks: 36 31 33 Disambiguation of Native Korean words: 34 24 41
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 으니 (-euni), (-ni) (english: See Usage notes)
Etymology number: 2

Suffix [Korean]

IPA: [nɯni] [SK-Standard, Seoul] Forms: 느니 [canonical], -neuni [romanization]
Etymology: First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니 (Yale: -úní/óní), a general-purpose declarative and interrogative suffix of a middling level of deference. In Middle Korean, this suffix is formally identical to 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니 (Yale: -úní-/óní-), a "durative" aspect-marking suffix indicating continuous action or timeless fact. Said suffix is etymologically from Old Korean 隱 (*-un, realis gerundive suffix) + 是 (*i-, “to be”, copula): "to be that..." (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 211). The traditional analysis is that this suffix is in fact fully identical to the durative suffix, with the expected formality- and mood-marking suffixes that should follow it being omitted due to the reduced degree of formality. However, it has been argued that this analysis is strange from the perspective of Korean grammar, and that there is in fact a formality-marking suffix 이〮 (Yale: -i) which merges with 니〮 (Yale: -ní-) due to the shared vowel. Before verbs, the suffix now takes 느 (neu), from Middle Korean ᄂᆞ (Yale: -no-), originally a Middle Korean present-tense suffix now attached generally to verbs (or tense-marking suffixes derived from verbs) in many grammaticalized suffixes. See Usage notes below. Etymology templates: {{anchor|verb-final}}, {{ko-etym-native|ws|-으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니|-úní/óní|dot=,}} First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니 (Yale: -úní/óní),, {{m|okm|-으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니|tr=-}} 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니, {{okm-l|-으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니|-úní-/óní-}} 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니 (Yale: -úní-/óní-), {{der|ko|oko|隱|pos=realis gerundive suffix|tr=*-un}} Old Korean 隱 (*-un, realis gerundive suffix), {{m|oko|是|pos=copula|t=to be|tr=*i-}} 是 (*i-, “to be”, copula), {{ko-ref|Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 211}} Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 211, {{m|okm|-이〮|tr=-}} 이〮, {{okm-l|-이〮|-i}} 이〮 (Yale: -i), {{m|okm|-니〮-|tr=-}} 니〮, {{okm-l|-니〮-|-ní-}} 니〮 (Yale: -ní-), {{m|ko||느}} 느 (neu), {{cog|okm|-}} Middle Korean, {{m|okm|-ᄂᆞ-|tr=-}} ᄂᆞ, {{okm-l|-ᄂᆞ-|-no-}} ᄂᆞ (Yale: -no-) Head templates: {{ko-pos|suffix}} 느니 • (-neuni)
  1. (dated, now poetic) In the familiar style, a declarative suffix introducing a general truth or maxim. Tags: dated, morpheme, poetic Synonyms: -느니라
    Sense id: en--느니-ko-suffix-FG5AYnva Categories (other): Korean entries with incorrect language header, Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Korean terms with redundant script codes, Korean terms with redundant transliterations, Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks, Native Korean words Disambiguation of Korean entries with incorrect language header: 30 32 38 Disambiguation of Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 37 31 32 Disambiguation of Korean terms with redundant script codes: 35 31 33 Disambiguation of Korean terms with redundant transliterations: 35 31 34 Disambiguation of Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks: 36 31 33 Disambiguation of Native Korean words: 34 24 41
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 으니 (-euni), (-ni) (english: See Usage notes)
Etymology number: 3

Download JSON data for -느니 meaning in All languages combined (9.6kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "느니",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-neuni",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "느니 • (-neuni)",
      "name": "ko-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 32 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "_dis": "41 27 32",
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 31 32",
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 31 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "35 31 34",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
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          "parents": [
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            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
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          "_dis": "34 24 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Native Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Rather than live in shame, I would rather die.",
          "roman": "Chiyokseure sa-neuni charari juk-get-da.",
          "text": "치욕스레 사느니 차라리 죽겠다.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rather; marks the following clause as a preferable choice."
      ],
      "id": "en--느니-ko-suffix-v~M7-JyX",
      "links": [
        [
          "rather",
          "rather"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[nɯni]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[느니]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-느니"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
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      "args": {
        "1": "opposition"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "anchor"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "느니... 느니",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
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    },
    {
      "form": "-neuni... -neuni",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
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  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {
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          "_dis": "30 32 38",
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          "_dis": "37 31 32",
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          "_dis": "35 31 34",
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          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
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            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
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          "_dis": "36 31 33",
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 24 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Native Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The dispute continues, with some arguing to spend the money, some to save it.",
          "roman": "Don-eul sseu-neuni akki-neuni gamnoneulbag-i gyesokdoenda.",
          "text": "돈을 쓰느니 아끼느니 갑론을박이 계속된다.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "saying... and saying...; conveys a dispute between opposing viewpoints."
      ],
      "id": "en--느니-ko-suffix-RJXIO6H6",
      "links": [
        [
          "saying",
          "saying"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[nɯni]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[느니]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-euni",
      "word": "으니"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "See Usage notes",
      "roman": "-ni",
      "word": "니"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-느니"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb-final"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "anchor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ws",
        "2": "-으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니",
        "3": "-úní/óní",
        "dot": ","
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니 (Yale: -úní/óní),",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니",
        "2": "-úní-/óní-"
      },
      "expansion": "으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니 (Yale: -úní-/óní-)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "oko",
        "3": "隱",
        "pos": "realis gerundive suffix",
        "tr": "*-un"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Korean 隱 (*-un, realis gerundive suffix)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oko",
        "2": "是",
        "pos": "copula",
        "t": "to be",
        "tr": "*i-"
      },
      "expansion": "是 (*i-, “to be”, copula)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 211"
      },
      "expansion": "Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 211",
      "name": "ko-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-이〮",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "이〮",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-이〮",
        "2": "-i"
      },
      "expansion": "이〮 (Yale: -i)",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-니〮-",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "니〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-니〮-",
        "2": "-ní-"
      },
      "expansion": "니〮 (Yale: -ní-)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "",
        "3": "느"
      },
      "expansion": "느 (neu)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Korean",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-ᄂᆞ-",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ᄂᆞ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ᄂᆞ-",
        "2": "-no-"
      },
      "expansion": "ᄂᆞ (Yale: -no-)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니 (Yale: -úní/óní), a general-purpose declarative and interrogative suffix of a middling level of deference.\nIn Middle Korean, this suffix is formally identical to 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니 (Yale: -úní-/óní-), a \"durative\" aspect-marking suffix indicating continuous action or timeless fact. Said suffix is etymologically from Old Korean 隱 (*-un, realis gerundive suffix) + 是 (*i-, “to be”, copula): \"to be that...\" (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 211).\nThe traditional analysis is that this suffix is in fact fully identical to the durative suffix, with the expected formality- and mood-marking suffixes that should follow it being omitted due to the reduced degree of formality. However, it has been argued that this analysis is strange from the perspective of Korean grammar, and that there is in fact a formality-marking suffix 이〮 (Yale: -i) which merges with 니〮 (Yale: -ní-) due to the shared vowel.\nBefore verbs, the suffix now takes 느 (neu), from Middle Korean ᄂᆞ (Yale: -no-), originally a Middle Korean present-tense suffix now attached generally to verbs (or tense-marking suffixes derived from verbs) in many grammaticalized suffixes. See Usage notes below.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "느니",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-neuni",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
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      "expansion": "느니 • (-neuni)",
      "name": "ko-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 32 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "_dis": "37 31 32",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 31 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
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            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 31 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 24 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Native Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "If a man knows no respect for his parents, he is no different from a beast.",
          "roman": "Saram-i hyo-reul moreu-geodeun geumsu-wa dareum-i eom-neuni.",
          "text": "사람이 효를 모르거든 금수와 다름이 없느니.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In the familiar style, a declarative suffix introducing a general truth or maxim."
      ],
      "id": "en--느니-ko-suffix-FG5AYnva",
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "familiar style",
          "w:Korean speech levels#Hage-che"
        ],
        [
          "maxim",
          "maxim#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated, now poetic) In the familiar style, a declarative suffix introducing a general truth or maxim."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-느니라"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "morpheme",
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[nɯni]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[느니]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-euni",
      "word": "으니"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "See Usage notes",
      "roman": "-ni",
      "word": "니"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-느니"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "Korean inflectional suffixes",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean suffixes",
    "Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
    "Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Native Korean words"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "느니",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-neuni",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "느니 • (-neuni)",
      "name": "ko-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Rather than live in shame, I would rather die.",
          "roman": "Chiyokseure sa-neuni charari juk-get-da.",
          "text": "치욕스레 사느니 차라리 죽겠다.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rather; marks the following clause as a preferable choice."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rather",
          "rather"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[nɯni]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[느니]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-느니"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "Korean inflectional suffixes",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean suffixes",
    "Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
    "Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Native Korean words"
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  "etymology_number": 2,
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      "name": "anchor"
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  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "느니... 느니",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-neuni... -neuni",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix",
        "head": "-느니... -느니"
      },
      "expansion": "느니... 느니 • (-neuni... -neuni)",
      "name": "ko-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The dispute continues, with some arguing to spend the money, some to save it.",
          "roman": "Don-eul sseu-neuni akki-neuni gamnoneulbag-i gyesokdoenda.",
          "text": "돈을 쓰느니 아끼느니 갑론을박이 계속된다.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "saying... and saying...; conveys a dispute between opposing viewpoints."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "saying",
          "saying"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[nɯni]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[느니]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "-euni",
      "word": "으니"
    },
    {
      "english": "See Usage notes",
      "roman": "-ni",
      "word": "니"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-느니"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "Korean inflectional suffixes",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean suffixes",
    "Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
    "Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Native Korean words"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb-final"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "anchor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ws",
        "2": "-으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니",
        "3": "-úní/óní",
        "dot": ","
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니 (Yale: -úní/óní),",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니",
        "2": "-úní-/óní-"
      },
      "expansion": "으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니 (Yale: -úní-/óní-)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "oko",
        "3": "隱",
        "pos": "realis gerundive suffix",
        "tr": "*-un"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Korean 隱 (*-un, realis gerundive suffix)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oko",
        "2": "是",
        "pos": "copula",
        "t": "to be",
        "tr": "*i-"
      },
      "expansion": "是 (*i-, “to be”, copula)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 211"
      },
      "expansion": "Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 211",
      "name": "ko-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-이〮",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "이〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-이〮",
        "2": "-i"
      },
      "expansion": "이〮 (Yale: -i)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-니〮-",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "니〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-니〮-",
        "2": "-ní-"
      },
      "expansion": "니〮 (Yale: -ní-)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "",
        "3": "느"
      },
      "expansion": "느 (neu)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Korean",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-ᄂᆞ-",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ᄂᆞ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ᄂᆞ-",
        "2": "-no-"
      },
      "expansion": "ᄂᆞ (Yale: -no-)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니 (Yale: -úní/óní), a general-purpose declarative and interrogative suffix of a middling level of deference.\nIn Middle Korean, this suffix is formally identical to 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니 (Yale: -úní-/óní-), a \"durative\" aspect-marking suffix indicating continuous action or timeless fact. Said suffix is etymologically from Old Korean 隱 (*-un, realis gerundive suffix) + 是 (*i-, “to be”, copula): \"to be that...\" (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 211).\nThe traditional analysis is that this suffix is in fact fully identical to the durative suffix, with the expected formality- and mood-marking suffixes that should follow it being omitted due to the reduced degree of formality. However, it has been argued that this analysis is strange from the perspective of Korean grammar, and that there is in fact a formality-marking suffix 이〮 (Yale: -i) which merges with 니〮 (Yale: -ní-) due to the shared vowel.\nBefore verbs, the suffix now takes 느 (neu), from Middle Korean ᄂᆞ (Yale: -no-), originally a Middle Korean present-tense suffix now attached generally to verbs (or tense-marking suffixes derived from verbs) in many grammaticalized suffixes. See Usage notes below.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "느니",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-neuni",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "느니 • (-neuni)",
      "name": "ko-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean dated terms",
        "Korean poetic terms",
        "Korean terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "If a man knows no respect for his parents, he is no different from a beast.",
          "roman": "Saram-i hyo-reul moreu-geodeun geumsu-wa dareum-i eom-neuni.",
          "text": "사람이 효를 모르거든 금수와 다름이 없느니.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In the familiar style, a declarative suffix introducing a general truth or maxim."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "familiar style",
          "w:Korean speech levels#Hage-che"
        ],
        [
          "maxim",
          "maxim#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated, now poetic) In the familiar style, a declarative suffix introducing a general truth or maxim."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-느니라"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "morpheme",
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[nɯni]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[느니]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "-euni",
      "word": "으니"
    },
    {
      "english": "See Usage notes",
      "roman": "-ni",
      "word": "니"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-느니"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.