"-तम" meaning in All languages combined

See -तम on Wiktionary

Suffix [Sanskrit]

IPA: /tɐ.mɐ́/ [Vedic], /ˈt̪ɐ.mɐ/ [Classical-Sanskrit]
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-Aryan *-tamás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tamás, from Proto-Indo-European *-tm̥mós. Cognate with -𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (-təma). Etymology templates: {{inh|sa|inc-pro|*-tamás}} Proto-Indo-Aryan *-tamás, {{inh|inc-pro|iir-pro|*-tamás}} Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tamás, {{inh|iir-pro|ine-pro|*-tm̥mós}} Proto-Indo-European *-tm̥mós Head templates: {{head|sa|suffix|cat2=|g=|head=|sccat=1|tr=-tamá}} -तम • (-tamá), {{sa-suffix|tr=-tamá}} -तम • (-tamá) Inflection templates: {{sa-decl-adj-mfn|-tamá|-tamā́|-tamá}}, {{sa-decl-noun-m|-tamá|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|ambig_final=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|nocat=1|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=|participle=|r_stem_a=ā|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}}, {{sa-decl-noun-f|-tamā́|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|ambig_final=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|nocat=1|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=|r_stem_a=ā|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}}, {{sa-decl-noun-n|-tamá|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|ambig_final=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|nocat=1|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=|participle=|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}} Forms: -tamá [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], -तमः [nominative, singular], -तमौ [dual, nominative], -तमा1 [dual, nominative], -तमाः [nominative, plural], -तमासः1 [nominative, plural], -तम [singular, vocative], -तमौ [dual, vocative], -तमा1 [dual, vocative], -तमाः [plural, vocative], -तमासः1 [plural, vocative], -तमम् [accusative, singular], -तमौ [accusative, dual], -तमा1 [accusative, dual], -तमान् [accusative, plural], -तमेन [instrumental, singular], -तमाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], -तमैः [instrumental, plural], -तमेभिः1 [instrumental, plural], -तमाय [dative, singular], -तमाभ्याम् [dative, dual], -तमेभ्यः [dative, plural], -तमात् [ablative, singular], -तमाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], -तमेभ्यः [ablative, plural], -तमस्य [genitive, singular], -तमयोः [dual, genitive], -तमानाम् [genitive, plural], -तमे [locative, singular], -तमयोः [dual, locative], -तमेषु [locative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], -तमा [nominative, singular], -तमे [dual, nominative], -तमाः [nominative, plural], -तमे [singular, vocative], -तमे [dual, vocative], -तमाः [plural, vocative], -तमाम् [accusative, singular], -तमे [accusative, dual], -तमाः [accusative, plural], -तमया [instrumental, singular], -तमा1 [instrumental, singular], -तमाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], -तमाभिः [instrumental, plural], -तमायै [dative, singular], -तमाभ्याम् [dative, dual], -तमाभ्यः [dative, plural], -तमायाः [ablative, singular], -तमायै2 [ablative, singular], -तमाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], -तमाभ्यः [ablative, plural], -तमायाः [genitive, singular], -तमायै2 [genitive, singular], -तमयोः [dual, genitive], -तमानाम् [genitive, plural], -तमायाम् [locative, singular], -तमयोः [dual, locative], -तमासु [locative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], -तमम् [nominative, singular], -तमे [dual, nominative], -तमानि [nominative, plural], -तमा1 [nominative, plural], -तम [singular, vocative], -तमे [dual, vocative], -तमानि [plural, vocative], -तमा1 [plural, vocative], -तमम् [accusative, singular], -तमे [accusative, dual], -तमानि [accusative, plural], -तमा1 [accusative, plural], -तमेन [instrumental, singular], -तमाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], -तमैः [instrumental, plural], -तमेभिः1 [instrumental, plural], -तमाय [dative, singular], -तमाभ्याम् [dative, dual], -तमेभ्यः [dative, plural], -तमात् [ablative, singular], -तमाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], -तमेभ्यः [ablative, plural], -तमस्य [genitive, singular], -तमयोः [dual, genitive], -तमानाम् [genitive, plural], -तमे [locative, singular], -तमयोः [dual, locative], -तमेषु [locative, plural]
  1. absolute superlative adjectival suffix Tags: absolute, adjectival, morpheme, suffix, superlative Derived forms: गोतम (gotamá)

Download JSONL data for -तम meaning in All languages combined (13.1kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "inc-pro",
        "3": "*-tamás"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan *-tamás",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inc-pro",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*-tamás"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tamás",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-tm̥mós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tm̥mós",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Aryan *-tamás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tamás, from Proto-Indo-European *-tm̥mós. Cognate with -𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (-təma).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-tamá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमः",
      "roman": "-tamáḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमौ",
      "roman": "-tamaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा1",
      "roman": "-tamā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाः",
      "roman": "-tamā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमासः1",
      "roman": "-tamā́saḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तम",
      "roman": "-táma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमौ",
      "roman": "-támau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा1",
      "roman": "-támā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाः",
      "roman": "-támāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमासः1",
      "roman": "-támāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमम्",
      "roman": "-tamám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमौ",
      "roman": "-tamaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा1",
      "roman": "-tamā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमान्",
      "roman": "-tamā́n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेन",
      "roman": "-taména",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमैः",
      "roman": "-tamaíḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेभिः1",
      "roman": "-tamébhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाय",
      "roman": "-tamā́ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेभ्यः",
      "roman": "-tamébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमात्",
      "roman": "-tamā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेभ्यः",
      "roman": "-tamébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमस्य",
      "roman": "-tamásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमयोः",
      "roman": "-tamáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमानाम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-tamé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमयोः",
      "roman": "-tamáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेषु",
      "roman": "-taméṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ā-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा",
      "roman": "-tamā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-tamé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाः",
      "roman": "-tamā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-táme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-táme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाः",
      "roman": "-támāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-tamé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाः",
      "roman": "-tamā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमया",
      "roman": "-tamáyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा1",
      "roman": "-tamā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभिः",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमायै",
      "roman": "-tamā́yai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्यः",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमायाः",
      "roman": "-tamā́yāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमायै2",
      "roman": "-tamā́yai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्यः",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमायाः",
      "roman": "-tamā́yāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमायै2",
      "roman": "-tamā́yai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमयोः",
      "roman": "-tamáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमानाम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमायाम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́yām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमयोः",
      "roman": "-tamáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमासु",
      "roman": "-tamā́su",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमम्",
      "roman": "-tamám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-tamé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमानि",
      "roman": "-tamā́ni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा1",
      "roman": "-tamā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तम",
      "roman": "-táma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-táme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमानि",
      "roman": "-támāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा1",
      "roman": "-támā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमम्",
      "roman": "-tamám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-tamé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमानि",
      "roman": "-tamā́ni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा1",
      "roman": "-tamā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेन",
      "roman": "-taména",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमैः",
      "roman": "-tamaíḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेभिः1",
      "roman": "-tamébhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाय",
      "roman": "-tamā́ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेभ्यः",
      "roman": "-tamébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमात्",
      "roman": "-tamā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेभ्यः",
      "roman": "-tamébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमस्य",
      "roman": "-tamásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमयोः",
      "roman": "-tamáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमानाम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-tamé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमयोः",
      "roman": "-tamáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेषु",
      "roman": "-taméṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": "",
        "sccat": "1",
        "tr": "-tamá"
      },
      "expansion": "-तम • (-tamá)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "-tamá"
      },
      "expansion": "-तम • (-tamá)",
      "name": "sa-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-tamá",
        "2": "-tamā́",
        "3": "-tamá"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-tamá",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-tamā́",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-tamá",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit suffixes in Devanagari script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "gotamá",
          "word": "गोतम"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "absolute superlative adjectival suffix"
      ],
      "id": "en--तम-sa-suffix-FJPYyvb-",
      "links": [
        [
          "absolute superlative",
          "absolute superlative#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "adjectival",
        "morpheme",
        "suffix",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tɐ.mɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt̪ɐ.mɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-तम"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "gotamá",
      "word": "गोतम"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "inc-pro",
        "3": "*-tamás"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan *-tamás",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inc-pro",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*-tamás"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tamás",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-tm̥mós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tm̥mós",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Aryan *-tamás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tamás, from Proto-Indo-European *-tm̥mós. Cognate with -𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (-təma).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-tamá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमः",
      "roman": "-tamáḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमौ",
      "roman": "-tamaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा1",
      "roman": "-tamā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाः",
      "roman": "-tamā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमासः1",
      "roman": "-tamā́saḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तम",
      "roman": "-táma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमौ",
      "roman": "-támau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा1",
      "roman": "-támā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाः",
      "roman": "-támāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमासः1",
      "roman": "-támāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमम्",
      "roman": "-tamám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमौ",
      "roman": "-tamaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा1",
      "roman": "-tamā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमान्",
      "roman": "-tamā́n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेन",
      "roman": "-taména",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमैः",
      "roman": "-tamaíḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेभिः1",
      "roman": "-tamébhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाय",
      "roman": "-tamā́ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेभ्यः",
      "roman": "-tamébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमात्",
      "roman": "-tamā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेभ्यः",
      "roman": "-tamébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमस्य",
      "roman": "-tamásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमयोः",
      "roman": "-tamáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमानाम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-tamé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमयोः",
      "roman": "-tamáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेषु",
      "roman": "-taméṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ā-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा",
      "roman": "-tamā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-tamé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाः",
      "roman": "-tamā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-táme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-táme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाः",
      "roman": "-támāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-tamé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाः",
      "roman": "-tamā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमया",
      "roman": "-tamáyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा1",
      "roman": "-tamā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभिः",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमायै",
      "roman": "-tamā́yai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्यः",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमायाः",
      "roman": "-tamā́yāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमायै2",
      "roman": "-tamā́yai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्यः",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमायाः",
      "roman": "-tamā́yāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमायै2",
      "roman": "-tamā́yai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमयोः",
      "roman": "-tamáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमानाम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमायाम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́yām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमयोः",
      "roman": "-tamáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमासु",
      "roman": "-tamā́su",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमम्",
      "roman": "-tamám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-tamé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमानि",
      "roman": "-tamā́ni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा1",
      "roman": "-tamā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तम",
      "roman": "-táma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-táme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमानि",
      "roman": "-támāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा1",
      "roman": "-támā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमम्",
      "roman": "-tamám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-tamé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमानि",
      "roman": "-tamā́ni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमा1",
      "roman": "-tamā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेन",
      "roman": "-taména",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमैः",
      "roman": "-tamaíḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेभिः1",
      "roman": "-tamébhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाय",
      "roman": "-tamā́ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेभ्यः",
      "roman": "-tamébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमात्",
      "roman": "-tamā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेभ्यः",
      "roman": "-tamébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमस्य",
      "roman": "-tamásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमयोः",
      "roman": "-tamáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमानाम्",
      "roman": "-tamā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमे",
      "roman": "-tamé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमयोः",
      "roman": "-tamáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-तमेषु",
      "roman": "-taméṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": "",
        "sccat": "1",
        "tr": "-tamá"
      },
      "expansion": "-तम • (-tamá)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "-tamá"
      },
      "expansion": "-तम • (-tamá)",
      "name": "sa-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-tamá",
        "2": "-tamā́",
        "3": "-tamá"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-tamá",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-tamā́",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-tamá",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Indo-Aryan terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
        "Proto-Indo-Aryan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
        "Sanskrit lemmas",
        "Sanskrit suffixes",
        "Sanskrit suffixes in Devanagari script",
        "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
        "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
        "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "absolute superlative adjectival suffix"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "absolute superlative",
          "absolute superlative#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "adjectival",
        "morpheme",
        "suffix",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tɐ.mɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt̪ɐ.mɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-तम"
}
{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
  "path": [
    "-तम"
  ],
  "section": "Sanskrit",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-तम",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
  "path": [
    "-तम"
  ],
  "section": "Sanskrit",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-तम",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
  "path": [
    "-तम"
  ],
  "section": "Sanskrit",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-तम",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.