See -ł on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-lъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-lъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-lъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lъ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ł",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a → prać → prał"
},
{
"text": "e → bieleć → bielał"
},
{
"text": "i → bić → bił"
},
{
"text": "u → kuć → kuł"
},
{
"text": "y → gaworzyć → gaworzył"
},
{
"text": "ą → dąć → dął"
},
{
"text": "d → bóść → bódł"
},
{
"text": "t → pleść → plótł"
},
{
"text": "s → paść → pasł"
},
{
"text": "z → gryźć → gryzł"
},
{
"text": "k → piec → piekł"
},
{
"text": "g → móc → mógł"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms masculine past tense"
],
"id": "en--ł-pl-suffix-go~Z0V3Q",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ły"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/w/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-w"
}
],
"word": "-ł"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ath-pro",
"2": "*-ł"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Athabaskan: *-ł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Athabaskan: *-ł"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "ł-"
},
"expansion": "Navajo: ł-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "classifier"
},
"expansion": "(classifier)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Navajo: ł- (classifier)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eya",
"2": "-ł"
},
"expansion": "Eyak: -ł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eyak: -ł"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tli",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Tlingit: -n",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "progressive"
},
"expansion": "(progressive)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tlingit: -n (progressive)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qfa-yen-pro",
"2": "*-l",
"pos": "progressive suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Yeniseian *-l (progressive suffix)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Has been compared with Proto-Yeniseian *-l (progressive suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xnd-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-ł",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Na-Dene",
"lang_code": "xnd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Na-Dene/-ł",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Na-Dene entries missing Template:reconstructed",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Na-Dene entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A progressive suffix."
],
"id": "en--ł-xnd-pro-suffix-rxfXUMtq",
"links": [
[
"progressive",
"progressive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ł"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "ł-"
},
"expansion": "Navajo: ł-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "classifier"
},
"expansion": "(classifier)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Navajo: ł- (classifier)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ath-pro",
"2": "xnd-pro",
"3": "*-ł"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Na-Dene *-ł",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Na-Dene *-ł",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ath-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-ł",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Athabaskan",
"lang_code": "ath-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Athabaskan/-ł",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Athabaskan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A progressive and future suffix"
],
"id": "en--ł-ath-pro-suffix-bFCBxbcY",
"links": [
[
"progressive",
"progressive#English"
],
[
"future",
"future#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ł"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-lъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-lъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-lъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lъ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ł",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ły"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/w",
"Rhymes:Polish/w/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a → prać → prał"
},
{
"text": "e → bieleć → bielał"
},
{
"text": "i → bić → bił"
},
{
"text": "u → kuć → kuł"
},
{
"text": "y → gaworzyć → gaworzył"
},
{
"text": "ą → dąć → dął"
},
{
"text": "d → bóść → bódł"
},
{
"text": "t → pleść → plótł"
},
{
"text": "s → paść → pasł"
},
{
"text": "z → gryźć → gryzł"
},
{
"text": "k → piec → piekł"
},
{
"text": "g → móc → mógł"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms masculine past tense"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/w/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-w"
}
],
"word": "-ł"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "ł-"
},
"expansion": "Navajo: ł-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "classifier"
},
"expansion": "(classifier)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Navajo: ł- (classifier)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ath-pro",
"2": "xnd-pro",
"3": "*-ł"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Na-Dene *-ł",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Na-Dene *-ł",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ath-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-ł",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Athabaskan",
"lang_code": "ath-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Athabaskan/-ł",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Athabaskan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Athabaskan lemmas",
"Proto-Athabaskan suffixes",
"Proto-Athabaskan terms derived from Proto-Na-Dene",
"Proto-Athabaskan terms inherited from Proto-Na-Dene"
],
"glosses": [
"A progressive and future suffix"
],
"links": [
[
"progressive",
"progressive#English"
],
[
"future",
"future#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ł"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ath-pro",
"2": "*-ł"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Athabaskan: *-ł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Athabaskan: *-ł"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "ł-"
},
"expansion": "Navajo: ł-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "classifier"
},
"expansion": "(classifier)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Navajo: ł- (classifier)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eya",
"2": "-ł"
},
"expansion": "Eyak: -ł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eyak: -ł"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tli",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Tlingit: -n",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "progressive"
},
"expansion": "(progressive)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tlingit: -n (progressive)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qfa-yen-pro",
"2": "*-l",
"pos": "progressive suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Yeniseian *-l (progressive suffix)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Has been compared with Proto-Yeniseian *-l (progressive suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xnd-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-ł",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Na-Dene",
"lang_code": "xnd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Na-Dene/-ł",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Na-Dene entries missing Template:reconstructed",
"Proto-Na-Dene entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Na-Dene lemmas",
"Proto-Na-Dene suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"A progressive suffix."
],
"links": [
[
"progressive",
"progressive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ł"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ł meaning in All languages combined (4.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (9a214a4 and 1b6da77). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.