See 𐭪𐭫𐭲 on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dstygyrd",
"word": "𐫅𐫘𐫤𐫏𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "YDEkrt'",
"word": "[Book Pahlavi needed]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "dstkrt'",
"word": "[Book Pahlavi needed]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "dstklt /dast(a)gird/",
"english": "estate",
"word": "𐭣𐭮𐭲𐭪𐭫𐭲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "ʾlxsyndrgyrd /Alaxsindargird/",
"english": "Alexandria in Roman Egypt",
"word": "[Book Pahlavi needed]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "plʾhwklt /Frāxkard/",
"word": "[Book Pahlavi needed]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "plškrt' /fraš(a)gird/",
"word": "[Book Pahlavi needed]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "štrkrty /Šahrgird/",
"english": "Sasanian fortress",
"word": "𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭪𐭥𐭲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "yzdklty /Yazdgird/",
"word": "𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "yzdkrty /Yazdgird/",
"english": "Yazdegerd; made by god",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ـگرد",
"3": "ـجرد",
"4": "ـکرت",
"tr": "-gerd, -gard",
"tr2": "-jerd",
"tr3": "-kert"
},
"expansion": "Persian: ـگرد (-gerd, -gard), ـجرد (-jerd), ـکرت (-kert)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: ـگرد (-gerd, -gard), ـجرد (-jerd), ـکرت (-kert)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "دستجرد (dastjerd), دستگرد (dastgerd, “Dastgerd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "سوسنگرد (susangerd, “Susangerd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "دارابگرد (dârâbgard, “Darabgard”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "بروجرد (borujerd, “Boroujerd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "بهرامجرد (bahrâmjerd, “Bahramjerd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "ولوگرد (valugerd), ولوجرد (valujerd, “Valujerd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "بشاگرد (bašâgard, “Bashagard”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "ملازگرد (malâzgerd, “Malazgirt”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "میلاجرد (milâjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "طغرلجرد (toğroljerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "راهجرد (râhjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "سامانجرد (sâmânjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "بارانگرد (bârângerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "بختاجرد"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "بزنجرد"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "ولازجرد (valâzjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "ولاشجرد (valâšjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "بهجرد (behjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "انجرد (anjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "ساسانجرد (sâsânjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "شاپورگرد (šâpurgerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "مهرجرد (mehrjerd, “a village and fort”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "سیاوش گرد (siyâvaš gerd) attested in Shahnameh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*آزادگرد (*-âzâdgerd), attested as اَزَادْجِرْد (azādjird) in al-Istakhri's al-masalik wa al-mamalik"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "ایران گرده (irân gerda, garda?), ایران کرده (irân karda?, “Minar of Firuzabad?”, literally “made by Aryans?”) (hapax in Fars-Nama of Ibn al-Bakhi)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "peo",
"3": "𐎣𐎼𐎫",
"t": "made, done",
"ts": "karta"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎣𐎼𐎫 (k-r-t /karta/, “made, done”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*kr̥tás",
"t": "done, made"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“done, made”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-",
"t": "to do, make, construct"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, construct”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Ζαδρακάρτα",
"t": "Zadracarta"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Ζαδρακάρτα (Zadrakárta, “Zadracarta”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-𐭊𐭓𐭕",
"ts": "-kirt, -gird"
},
"expansion": "Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕 (-krt /-kirt, -gird/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐫡𐫟𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫤𐫀𐫏𐫐𐫏𐫡𐫔",
"t": "Alexandria in Roman Egypt",
"ts": "əraxsinder-kird"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian 𐫡𐫟𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫤𐫀𐫏𐫐𐫏𐫡𐫔 (rxsyntʾykyrδ /əraxsinder-kird/, “Alexandria [in Roman Egypt]”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "-կերտ",
"lit": "made, done"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian -կերտ (-kert, literally “made, done”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Μαντζικέρτ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Μαντζικέρτ (Mantzikért)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Malazgirt"
},
"expansion": "Turkish Malazgirt",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φρούριον Γιλιγέρδων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φρούριον Γιλιγέρδων (phroúrion Giligérdōn)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Persian 𐎣𐎼𐎫 (k-r-t /karta/, “made, done”) (compare [Term?] (/duškarta/, “ill-done”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“done, made”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, construct”); see کردن (kardan) for more. Compare Ancient Greek Ζαδρακάρτα (Zadrakárta, “Zadracarta”), an Old Iranian borrowing.\nAkin to Inscriptional Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕 (-krt /-kirt, -gird/), 𐭃𐭎𐭕𐭊𐭓𐭕 (dstkrt /dastgird/, “estate”), 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓𐭊𐭓𐭕 (ḥštrkrt /Šahrgird/, “a Sasanian fortress”), Manichaean Sogdian 𐫡𐫟𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫤𐫀𐫏𐫐𐫏𐫡𐫔 (rxsyntʾykyrδ /əraxsinder-kird/, “Alexandria [in Roman Egypt]”), and the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian -կերտ (-kert, literally “made, done”), դաստ-ա-կերտ (dast-a-kert, “possession, property; building, village”, literally “handmade”), ձեռ-ա-կերտ (jeṙ-a-kert, “manufacture”), Տիգրան-ա-կերտ (Tigran-a-kert, “Tigranocerta”, literally “founded by Tigran”), Խոսրով-ա-կերտ (Xosrov-a-kert, literally “founded by Khosrov”), Ալաշկերտ (Alaškert), Մանազկերտ (Manazkert), Մանաւազակերտ (Manawazakert), Ancient Greek Μαντζικέρτ (Mantzikért), Turkish Malazgirt, Ancient Greek φρούριον Γιλιγέρδων (phroúrion Giligérdōn).\nCompare kltk'.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "klt",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-kirt",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-gird",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "suffix",
"ts": "-kirt, -gird"
},
"expansion": "𐭪𐭫𐭲 • (klt /-kirt, -gird/)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"made by"
],
"id": "en-𐭪𐭫𐭲-pal-suffix-yWt36Jww",
"links": [
[
"made",
"made"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) made by"
],
"tags": [
"literally",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pal",
"name": "Cities",
"orig": "pal:Cities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"made by",
"suffix forming city names"
],
"id": "en-𐭪𐭫𐭲-pal-suffix-lUP2AdYQ",
"links": [
[
"made",
"made"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) made by",
"suffix forming city names"
],
"tags": [
"literally",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "-krt /-kirt; -gird/",
"word": "𐭪𐭥𐭲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "-krty /-kirt; -gird/",
"word": "𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "klty /-kirt; -gird/",
"word": "𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩 — Inscriptional Pahlavi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "-krt' /-kirt; -gird/",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi"
],
"word": "[Book Pahlavi needed]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-gyrd",
"tags": [
"Manichaean"
],
"word": "-𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ehsan Yarshater",
"Fars-Nama",
"Josef Wiesehöfer",
"Minar (Firuzabad)"
],
"word": "𐭪𐭫𐭲"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Persian lemmas",
"Middle Persian suffixes",
"Middle Persian terms derived from Old Persian",
"Middle Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Middle Persian terms inherited from Old Persian",
"Middle Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Old Persian term requests",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"pal:Cities"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "dstygyrd",
"word": "𐫅𐫘𐫤𐫏𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅"
},
{
"alt": "YDEkrt'",
"word": "[Book Pahlavi needed]"
},
{
"alt": "dstkrt'",
"word": "[Book Pahlavi needed]"
},
{
"alt": "dstklt /dast(a)gird/",
"english": "estate",
"word": "𐭣𐭮𐭲𐭪𐭫𐭲"
},
{
"alt": "ʾlxsyndrgyrd /Alaxsindargird/",
"english": "Alexandria in Roman Egypt",
"word": "[Book Pahlavi needed]"
},
{
"alt": "plʾhwklt /Frāxkard/",
"word": "[Book Pahlavi needed]"
},
{
"alt": "plškrt' /fraš(a)gird/",
"word": "[Book Pahlavi needed]"
},
{
"alt": "štrkrty /Šahrgird/",
"english": "Sasanian fortress",
"word": "𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭪𐭥𐭲"
},
{
"alt": "yzdklty /Yazdgird/",
"word": "𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩"
},
{
"alt": "yzdkrty /Yazdgird/",
"english": "Yazdegerd; made by god",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ـگرد",
"3": "ـجرد",
"4": "ـکرت",
"tr": "-gerd, -gard",
"tr2": "-jerd",
"tr3": "-kert"
},
"expansion": "Persian: ـگرد (-gerd, -gard), ـجرد (-jerd), ـکرت (-kert)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: ـگرد (-gerd, -gard), ـجرد (-jerd), ـکرت (-kert)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "دستجرد (dastjerd), دستگرد (dastgerd, “Dastgerd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "سوسنگرد (susangerd, “Susangerd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "دارابگرد (dârâbgard, “Darabgard”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "بروجرد (borujerd, “Boroujerd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "بهرامجرد (bahrâmjerd, “Bahramjerd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "ولوگرد (valugerd), ولوجرد (valujerd, “Valujerd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "بشاگرد (bašâgard, “Bashagard”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "ملازگرد (malâzgerd, “Malazgirt”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "میلاجرد (milâjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "طغرلجرد (toğroljerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "راهجرد (râhjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "سامانجرد (sâmânjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "بارانگرد (bârângerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "بختاجرد"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "بزنجرد"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "ولازجرد (valâzjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "ولاشجرد (valâšjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "بهجرد (behjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "انجرد (anjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "ساسانجرد (sâsânjerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "شاپورگرد (šâpurgerd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "مهرجرد (mehrjerd, “a village and fort”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "سیاوش گرد (siyâvaš gerd) attested in Shahnameh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*آزادگرد (*-âzâdgerd), attested as اَزَادْجِرْد (azādjird) in al-Istakhri's al-masalik wa al-mamalik"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "ایران گرده (irân gerda, garda?), ایران کرده (irân karda?, “Minar of Firuzabad?”, literally “made by Aryans?”) (hapax in Fars-Nama of Ibn al-Bakhi)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "peo",
"3": "𐎣𐎼𐎫",
"t": "made, done",
"ts": "karta"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎣𐎼𐎫 (k-r-t /karta/, “made, done”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*kr̥tás",
"t": "done, made"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“done, made”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-",
"t": "to do, make, construct"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, construct”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Ζαδρακάρτα",
"t": "Zadracarta"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Ζαδρακάρτα (Zadrakárta, “Zadracarta”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-𐭊𐭓𐭕",
"ts": "-kirt, -gird"
},
"expansion": "Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕 (-krt /-kirt, -gird/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐫡𐫟𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫤𐫀𐫏𐫐𐫏𐫡𐫔",
"t": "Alexandria in Roman Egypt",
"ts": "əraxsinder-kird"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian 𐫡𐫟𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫤𐫀𐫏𐫐𐫏𐫡𐫔 (rxsyntʾykyrδ /əraxsinder-kird/, “Alexandria [in Roman Egypt]”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "-կերտ",
"lit": "made, done"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian -կերտ (-kert, literally “made, done”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Μαντζικέρτ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Μαντζικέρτ (Mantzikért)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Malazgirt"
},
"expansion": "Turkish Malazgirt",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φρούριον Γιλιγέρδων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φρούριον Γιλιγέρδων (phroúrion Giligérdōn)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Persian 𐎣𐎼𐎫 (k-r-t /karta/, “made, done”) (compare [Term?] (/duškarta/, “ill-done”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“done, made”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, construct”); see کردن (kardan) for more. Compare Ancient Greek Ζαδρακάρτα (Zadrakárta, “Zadracarta”), an Old Iranian borrowing.\nAkin to Inscriptional Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕 (-krt /-kirt, -gird/), 𐭃𐭎𐭕𐭊𐭓𐭕 (dstkrt /dastgird/, “estate”), 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓𐭊𐭓𐭕 (ḥštrkrt /Šahrgird/, “a Sasanian fortress”), Manichaean Sogdian 𐫡𐫟𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫤𐫀𐫏𐫐𐫏𐫡𐫔 (rxsyntʾykyrδ /əraxsinder-kird/, “Alexandria [in Roman Egypt]”), and the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian -կերտ (-kert, literally “made, done”), դաստ-ա-կերտ (dast-a-kert, “possession, property; building, village”, literally “handmade”), ձեռ-ա-կերտ (jeṙ-a-kert, “manufacture”), Տիգրան-ա-կերտ (Tigran-a-kert, “Tigranocerta”, literally “founded by Tigran”), Խոսրով-ա-կերտ (Xosrov-a-kert, literally “founded by Khosrov”), Ալաշկերտ (Alaškert), Մանազկերտ (Manazkert), Մանաւազակերտ (Manawazakert), Ancient Greek Μαντζικέρτ (Mantzikért), Turkish Malazgirt, Ancient Greek φρούριον Γιλιγέρδων (phroúrion Giligérdōn).\nCompare kltk'.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "klt",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-kirt",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-gird",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "suffix",
"ts": "-kirt, -gird"
},
"expansion": "𐭪𐭫𐭲 • (klt /-kirt, -gird/)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"made by"
],
"links": [
[
"made",
"made"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) made by"
],
"tags": [
"literally",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"made by",
"suffix forming city names"
],
"links": [
[
"made",
"made"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) made by",
"suffix forming city names"
],
"tags": [
"literally",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "-krt /-kirt; -gird/",
"word": "𐭪𐭥𐭲"
},
{
"alt": "-krty /-kirt; -gird/",
"word": "𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩"
},
{
"alt": "klty /-kirt; -gird/",
"word": "𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩 — Inscriptional Pahlavi"
},
{
"alt": "-krt' /-kirt; -gird/",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi"
],
"word": "[Book Pahlavi needed]"
},
{
"roman": "-gyrd",
"tags": [
"Manichaean"
],
"word": "-𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ehsan Yarshater",
"Fars-Nama",
"Josef Wiesehöfer",
"Minar (Firuzabad)"
],
"word": "𐭪𐭫𐭲"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 𐭪𐭫𐭲 meaning in All languages combined (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.