"𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽" meaning in All languages combined

See 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 on Wiktionary

Verb [Gothic]

IPA: /duˈɑinnan/, [duˈɣinnan]
Etymology: Either from 𐌳𐌿- (du-) + *𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ginnan) (a Gothic formation) or inherited from Proto-Germanic *duginnanΔ…. There are no other Germanic cognates with the same prefix which could be used to support the Proto-Germanic verb of the second etymology, but the unprefixed verb of the first etymology (*ginnanΔ…) is not attested in any Germanic language (which all except Gothic have descendants of the prefixed form *biginnanΔ…, having the same meaning as this verb). The element 𐌳𐌿 (du) is not attested in any other Germanic languages, probably being an archaic inheritance from Proto-Germanic that was lost early on in other Germanic languages. The archaic nature of the prefix might seem to point to a Proto-Germanic inheritance for this verb, but its clear productivity in Gothic renders this pointer uncertain. Etymology templates: {{af|got|𐌳𐌿-|*𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽}} 𐌳𐌿- (du-) + *𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ginnan), {{inh|got|gem-pro|*duginnanΔ…}} Proto-Germanic *duginnanΔ… Head templates: {{got-verb}} 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 β€’ (duginnan) Inflection templates: {{got-conj-st|duginn|dugann|dugunn|dugunn|class=3}} Forms: duginnan [romanization], strong [table-tags], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 [infinitive], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰 [first-person, present, singular], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌽 [first-person, past, singular], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰 [first-person, passive, present, singular], πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒΉπƒ [present, second-person, singular], πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½π„ [past, second-person, singular], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌢𐌰 [passive, present, second-person, singular], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸 [present, singular, third-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌽 [past, singular, third-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰 [passive, present, singular, third-person], πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½π‰πƒ [dual, first-person, present], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿 [dual, first-person, past], - [dual, first-person, passive, present], πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°π„πƒ [dual, present, second-person], πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒΏπ„πƒ [dual, past, second-person], - [dual, passive, present, second-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌼 [first-person, plural, present], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼 [first-person, past, plural], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 [first-person, passive, plural, present], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸 [plural, present, second-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌸 [past, plural, second-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 [passive, plural, present, second-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳 [plural, present, third-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌽 [past, plural, third-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 [passive, plural, present, third-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌿 [first-person, present, singular], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿 [first-person, past, singular], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 [first-person, passive, present, singular], πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπƒ [present, second-person, singular], πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ [past, second-person, singular], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌿 [passive, present, second-person, singular], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹 [present, singular, third-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌹 [past, singular, third-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 [passive, present, singular, third-person], πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ° [dual, first-person, present], πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ° [dual, first-person, past], πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ [dual, present, second-person], πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ [dual, past, second-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 [first-person, plural, present], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 [first-person, past, plural], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 [first-person, passive, plural, present], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌸 [plural, present, second-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 [past, plural, second-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 [passive, plural, present, second-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 [plural, present, third-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 [past, plural, third-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 [passive, plural, present, third-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽 [imperative, present, second-person, singular], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 [imperative, present, singular, third-person], πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°π„πƒ [dual, imperative, present, second-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸 [imperative, plural, present, second-person], 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 [imperative, plural, present, third-person], πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ [imperative, participle, present], πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πƒ [imperative, participle, past]
  1. to begin
    Sense id: en-𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽-got-verb-DLs6TMLQ Categories (other): Gothic entries with incorrect language header, Gothic terms prefixed with 𐌳𐌿-

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSONL data for 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 meaning in All languages combined (9.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌳𐌿-",
        "3": "*𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽"
      },
      "expansion": "𐌳𐌿- (du-) + *𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ginnan)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*duginnanΔ…"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *duginnanΔ…",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Either from 𐌳𐌿- (du-) + *𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ginnan) (a Gothic formation) or inherited from Proto-Germanic *duginnanΔ…. There are no other Germanic cognates with the same prefix which could be used to support the Proto-Germanic verb of the second etymology, but the unprefixed verb of the first etymology (*ginnanΔ…) is not attested in any Germanic language (which all except Gothic have descendants of the prefixed form *biginnanΔ…, having the same meaning as this verb).\nThe element 𐌳𐌿 (du) is not attested in any other Germanic languages, probably being an archaic inheritance from Proto-Germanic that was lost early on in other Germanic languages. The archaic nature of the prefix might seem to point to a Proto-Germanic inheritance for this verb, but its clear productivity in Gothic renders this pointer uncertain.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "duginnan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "got-conj-st",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽",
      "roman": "duginnan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰",
      "roman": "duginna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌽",
      "roman": "dugann",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnada",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒΉπƒ",
      "roman": "duginnis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½π„",
      "roman": "dugannt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌢𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnaza",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸",
      "roman": "duginniΓΎ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌽",
      "roman": "dugann",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnada",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½π‰πƒ",
      "roman": "duginnōs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿",
      "roman": "dugunnu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°π„πƒ",
      "roman": "duginnats",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒΏπ„πƒ",
      "roman": "dugunnuts",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "past",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌼",
      "roman": "duginnam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼",
      "roman": "dugunnum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸",
      "roman": "duginniΓΎ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌸",
      "roman": "dugunnuΓΎ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳",
      "roman": "duginnand",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌽",
      "roman": "dugunnun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "dugunnjau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnaidau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπƒ",
      "roman": "duginnais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ",
      "roman": "dugunneis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnaizau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹",
      "roman": "duginnai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌹",
      "roman": "dugunni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnaidau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°",
      "roman": "duginnaiwa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°",
      "roman": "dugunneiwa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ",
      "roman": "duginnaits",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ",
      "roman": "dugunneits",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "past",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnaima",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰",
      "roman": "dugunneima",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnaindau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌸",
      "roman": "duginnaiΓΎ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸",
      "roman": "dugunneiΓΎ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnaindau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnaina",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰",
      "roman": "dugunneina",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnaindau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽",
      "roman": "duginn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnadau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°π„πƒ",
      "roman": "duginnats",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸",
      "roman": "duginniΓΎ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnandau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ",
      "roman": "duginnands",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πƒ",
      "roman": "dugunnans",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 β€’ (duginnan)",
      "name": "got-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "duginn",
        "2": "dugann",
        "3": "dugunn",
        "4": "dugunn",
        "class": "3"
      },
      "name": "got-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Gothic",
  "lang_code": "got",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Gothic terms prefixed with 𐌳𐌿-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to begin"
      ],
      "id": "en-𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽-got-verb-DLs6TMLQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "begin",
          "begin"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/duˈɑinnan/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[duˈɣinnan]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌳𐌿-",
        "3": "*𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽"
      },
      "expansion": "𐌳𐌿- (du-) + *𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ginnan)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*duginnanΔ…"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *duginnanΔ…",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Either from 𐌳𐌿- (du-) + *𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ginnan) (a Gothic formation) or inherited from Proto-Germanic *duginnanΔ…. There are no other Germanic cognates with the same prefix which could be used to support the Proto-Germanic verb of the second etymology, but the unprefixed verb of the first etymology (*ginnanΔ…) is not attested in any Germanic language (which all except Gothic have descendants of the prefixed form *biginnanΔ…, having the same meaning as this verb).\nThe element 𐌳𐌿 (du) is not attested in any other Germanic languages, probably being an archaic inheritance from Proto-Germanic that was lost early on in other Germanic languages. The archaic nature of the prefix might seem to point to a Proto-Germanic inheritance for this verb, but its clear productivity in Gothic renders this pointer uncertain.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "duginnan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "got-conj-st",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽",
      "roman": "duginnan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰",
      "roman": "duginna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌽",
      "roman": "dugann",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnada",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒΉπƒ",
      "roman": "duginnis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½π„",
      "roman": "dugannt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌢𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnaza",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸",
      "roman": "duginniΓΎ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌽",
      "roman": "dugann",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnada",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½π‰πƒ",
      "roman": "duginnōs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿",
      "roman": "dugunnu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°π„πƒ",
      "roman": "duginnats",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒΏπ„πƒ",
      "roman": "dugunnuts",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "past",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌼",
      "roman": "duginnam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼",
      "roman": "dugunnum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸",
      "roman": "duginniΓΎ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌸",
      "roman": "dugunnuΓΎ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳",
      "roman": "duginnand",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌽",
      "roman": "dugunnun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "dugunnjau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnaidau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπƒ",
      "roman": "duginnais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ",
      "roman": "dugunneis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnaizau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹",
      "roman": "duginnai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌹",
      "roman": "dugunni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnaidau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°",
      "roman": "duginnaiwa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°",
      "roman": "dugunneiwa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ",
      "roman": "duginnaits",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ",
      "roman": "dugunneits",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "past",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnaima",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰",
      "roman": "dugunneima",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnaindau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌸",
      "roman": "duginnaiΓΎ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸",
      "roman": "dugunneiΓΎ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnaindau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰",
      "roman": "duginnaina",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰",
      "roman": "dugunneina",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnaindau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽",
      "roman": "duginn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnadau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°π„πƒ",
      "roman": "duginnats",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸",
      "roman": "duginniΓΎ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿",
      "roman": "duginnandau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ",
      "roman": "duginnands",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πƒ",
      "roman": "dugunnans",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 β€’ (duginnan)",
      "name": "got-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "duginn",
        "2": "dugann",
        "3": "dugunn",
        "4": "dugunn",
        "class": "3"
      },
      "name": "got-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Gothic",
  "lang_code": "got",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Gothic class 3 strong verbs",
        "Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Gothic lemmas",
        "Gothic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Gothic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Gothic terms prefixed with 𐌳𐌿-",
        "Gothic terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Gothic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to begin"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "begin",
          "begin"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/duˈɑinnan/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[duˈɣinnan]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (d4b8e84 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.