See 낙 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 낙 meaning in All languages combined (10.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "낙(樂)",
"3": "락(樂)"
},
"expansion": "Korean: 낙(樂) (nak), 락(樂) (rak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Korean: 낙(樂) (nak), 락(樂) (rak)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Sino-Korean"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "樂",
"gloss": "joy, happiness"
},
"expansion": "樂 (“joy, happiness”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "樂",
"2": "joy, happiness"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 樂 (“joy, happiness”)",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 樂 (“joy, happiness”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "樂",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko-ear",
"2": "noun",
"3": "hanja",
"4": "樂",
"tr": "nak"
},
"expansion": "낙 (nak) (hanja 樂)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Early Modern Korean",
"lang_code": "ko-ear",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"enjoyment, joy, delight"
],
"id": "en-낙-ko-ear-noun-8VFjPkEF",
"links": [
[
"enjoyment",
"enjoyment"
],
[
"joy",
"joy"
],
[
"delight",
"delight"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nak̚]"
}
],
"word": "낙"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Sino-Korean"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "洛",
"gloss": "the Luo river, Luoyang"
},
"expansion": "洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "洛",
"2": "the Luo river, Luoyang"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”)",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”). Luoyang was the capital of many ancient Chinese empires, whence the figurative use.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "洛",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko-ear",
"2": "noun",
"3": "hanja",
"4": "洛",
"tr": "nak"
},
"expansion": "낙 (nak) (hanja 洛)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Early Modern Korean",
"lang_code": "ko-ear",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Modern Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Modern Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 55 20 9 13 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanja readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We departed Seoul on the eighth month of the gichuk year [1769], and in the early days of the ninth month, we arrived at Hamhung, where everybody says that the sunrise and the moonrise are well worth seeing […]",
"ref": "1772, 의유당/意幽堂 (Uiyu-dang), “동명일기/東溟日記 (Dongmyeong'ilgi)”, in 의유당관북유람일기/意幽堂關北遊覽日記 (Uiyu-dang Gwanbuk yuram ilgi)",
"text": "긔튝년 팔월의 낙을 ᄯᅥ나 구월 초ᄉᆡᆼ의 함흥으로 오니 다 니ᄅᆞ기ᄅᆞᆯ 일월츌이 보암ᄌᆞᆨ다 하ᄃᆡ[…]\nKuythywuk-nyen pal-wuel-uy nak-ul stena kwu wuel chwosoyng-uy Hamhung-ulwo woni ta niloki-lol ilwuelchywul-i pwoamcok-ta hatoy […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"any capital city, especially Seoul"
],
"id": "en-낙-ko-ear-noun-ZYEJasqC",
"links": [
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Seoul",
"Seoul"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) any capital city, especially Seoul"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nak̚]"
}
],
"word": "낙"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Sino-Korean"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "樂",
"gloss": "joy, happiness"
},
"expansion": "樂 (“joy, happiness”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "樂",
"2": "joy, happiness"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 樂 (“joy, happiness”)",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 樂 (“joy, happiness”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "樂",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "樂"
},
"expansion": "낙 • (nak) (hanja 樂)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "樂",
"roman": "nak",
"word": "the hanja entry at 樂 for Sino-Korean compounds of 낙"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That [having] children is the joy of one's life is now an anachronistic notion.",
"roman": "ai-ga insaeng-ui nag-iraneun mar-eun ije sidaechagojeok balsang-ida.",
"text": "아이가 인생의 낙이라는 말은 이제 시대착오적 발상이다.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enjoyment, joy, delight (especially a joy serving as a purpose of one's life)"
],
"id": "en-낙-ko-noun-FRg1UHfL",
"links": [
[
"enjoyment",
"enjoyment"
],
[
"joy",
"joy"
],
[
"delight",
"delight"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose"
],
[
"life",
"life"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "재미"
},
{
"word": "즐거움"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠k̚]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[낙]"
}
],
"word": "낙"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "洛",
"roman": "nak",
"word": "the hanja entry at 洛 for Sino-Korean compounds of 낙"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Sino-Korean"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "洛",
"gloss": "the Luo river, Luoyang"
},
"expansion": "洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "洛",
"2": "the Luo river, Luoyang"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”)",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Nak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "洛",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "洛"
},
"expansion": "낙 • (Nak) (hanja 洛)",
"name": "ko-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 22 33 15 16 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Korean words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 13 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 11 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of 낙수(洛水) (naksu( 洛水 ), “the Luo river”, a central Chinese river)"
],
"id": "en-낙-ko-name-kYIOSjmp",
"links": [
[
"낙수",
"낙수#Korean"
],
[
"洛水",
"洛水#Korean"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Synonym of 낙수(洛水) (naksu( 洛水 ), “the Luo river”, a central Chinese river)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(naksu( 洛水 ), “the Luo river”, a central Chinese river)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "낙수(洛水)"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of 낙양(洛陽) (nagyang( 洛陽 ), “Luoyang”, Chinese city and ancient capital)"
],
"id": "en-낙-ko-name-0px27zZL",
"links": [
[
"낙양",
"낙양#Korean"
],
[
"洛陽",
"洛陽#Korean"
],
[
"Luoyang",
"Luoyang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Synonym of 낙양(洛陽) (nagyang( 洛陽 ), “Luoyang”, Chinese city and ancient capital)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(nagyang( 洛陽 ), “Luoyang”, Chinese city and ancient capital)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "낙양(洛陽)"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠k̚]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[낙]"
}
],
"word": "낙"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "okm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "낙〮",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "낙〮",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "낙〮",
"2": "nák"
},
"expansion": "낙〮 (Yale: nák)",
"name": "okm-inline"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters, from Middle Korean 낙〮 (Yale: nák).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "syllable",
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-낙-ko-syllable-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠k̚]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[낙]"
}
],
"word": "낙"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "okm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "낙〮",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "낙〮",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "낙〮",
"2": "nák"
},
"expansion": "낙〮 (Yale: nák)",
"name": "okm-inline"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "락",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "락",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "락",
"2": "lák"
},
"expansion": "락 (Yale: lák)",
"name": "okm-inline"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "락"
},
"expansion": "락 (rak)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "락"
},
"expansion": "락 (rak)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "낙"
},
"expansion": "낙 (nak)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "r-"
},
"expansion": "[r-]",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound. From Middle Korean 낙〮 (Yale: nák) or 락 (Yale: lák). When preceded by another character in a compound, they take the 락 (rak) form.\nIn the North Korean standard (and in the speech of Koreans in China, who use the Northern standard), these characters are always read as 락 (rak). However, this is the result of an artificial standardization of Sino-Korean readings. Before the establishment of North Korea, most dialects of Korean read the characters as 낙 (nak) in isolation and initial position, due to a phonological restriction against having word-initial [r-].",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "syllable",
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-낙-ko-syllable-47DEQpj81",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠k̚]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[낙]"
}
],
"word": "낙"
}
{
"categories": [
"Early Modern Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Early Modern Korean lemmas",
"Early Modern Korean nouns",
"Early Modern Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Early Modern Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Hanja readings",
"Sino-Korean words"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "낙(樂)",
"3": "락(樂)"
},
"expansion": "Korean: 낙(樂) (nak), 락(樂) (rak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Korean: 낙(樂) (nak), 락(樂) (rak)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Sino-Korean"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "樂",
"gloss": "joy, happiness"
},
"expansion": "樂 (“joy, happiness”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "樂",
"2": "joy, happiness"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 樂 (“joy, happiness”)",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 樂 (“joy, happiness”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "樂",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko-ear",
"2": "noun",
"3": "hanja",
"4": "樂",
"tr": "nak"
},
"expansion": "낙 (nak) (hanja 樂)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Early Modern Korean",
"lang_code": "ko-ear",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"enjoyment, joy, delight"
],
"links": [
[
"enjoyment",
"enjoyment"
],
[
"joy",
"joy"
],
[
"delight",
"delight"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nak̚]"
}
],
"word": "낙"
}
{
"categories": [
"Early Modern Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Early Modern Korean lemmas",
"Early Modern Korean nouns",
"Early Modern Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Early Modern Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Hanja readings",
"Sino-Korean words"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Sino-Korean"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "洛",
"gloss": "the Luo river, Luoyang"
},
"expansion": "洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "洛",
"2": "the Luo river, Luoyang"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”)",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”). Luoyang was the capital of many ancient Chinese empires, whence the figurative use.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "洛",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko-ear",
"2": "noun",
"3": "hanja",
"4": "洛",
"tr": "nak"
},
"expansion": "낙 (nak) (hanja 洛)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Early Modern Korean",
"lang_code": "ko-ear",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Early Modern Korean terms with quotations",
"Korean links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We departed Seoul on the eighth month of the gichuk year [1769], and in the early days of the ninth month, we arrived at Hamhung, where everybody says that the sunrise and the moonrise are well worth seeing […]",
"ref": "1772, 의유당/意幽堂 (Uiyu-dang), “동명일기/東溟日記 (Dongmyeong'ilgi)”, in 의유당관북유람일기/意幽堂關北遊覽日記 (Uiyu-dang Gwanbuk yuram ilgi)",
"text": "긔튝년 팔월의 낙을 ᄯᅥ나 구월 초ᄉᆡᆼ의 함흥으로 오니 다 니ᄅᆞ기ᄅᆞᆯ 일월츌이 보암ᄌᆞᆨ다 하ᄃᆡ[…]\nKuythywuk-nyen pal-wuel-uy nak-ul stena kwu wuel chwosoyng-uy Hamhung-ulwo woni ta niloki-lol ilwuelchywul-i pwoamcok-ta hatoy […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"any capital city, especially Seoul"
],
"links": [
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Seoul",
"Seoul"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) any capital city, especially Seoul"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nak̚]"
}
],
"word": "낙"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hanja readings",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Sino-Korean words"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "樂",
"roman": "nak",
"word": "the hanja entry at 樂 for Sino-Korean compounds of 낙"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Sino-Korean"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "樂",
"gloss": "joy, happiness"
},
"expansion": "樂 (“joy, happiness”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "樂",
"2": "joy, happiness"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 樂 (“joy, happiness”)",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 樂 (“joy, happiness”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "樂",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "樂"
},
"expansion": "낙 • (nak) (hanja 樂)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That [having] children is the joy of one's life is now an anachronistic notion.",
"roman": "ai-ga insaeng-ui nag-iraneun mar-eun ije sidaechagojeok balsang-ida.",
"text": "아이가 인생의 낙이라는 말은 이제 시대착오적 발상이다.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enjoyment, joy, delight (especially a joy serving as a purpose of one's life)"
],
"links": [
[
"enjoyment",
"enjoyment"
],
[
"joy",
"joy"
],
[
"delight",
"delight"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose"
],
[
"life",
"life"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "재미"
},
{
"word": "즐거움"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠k̚]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[낙]"
}
],
"word": "낙"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hanja readings",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean proper nouns",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Sino-Korean words"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "洛",
"roman": "nak",
"word": "the hanja entry at 洛 for Sino-Korean compounds of 낙"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Sino-Korean"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "洛",
"gloss": "the Luo river, Luoyang"
},
"expansion": "洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "洛",
"2": "the Luo river, Luoyang"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”)",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Nak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "洛",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "洛"
},
"expansion": "낙 • (Nak) (hanja 洛)",
"name": "ko-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of 낙수(洛水) (naksu( 洛水 ), “the Luo river”, a central Chinese river)"
],
"links": [
[
"낙수",
"낙수#Korean"
],
[
"洛水",
"洛水#Korean"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Synonym of 낙수(洛水) (naksu( 洛水 ), “the Luo river”, a central Chinese river)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(naksu( 洛水 ), “the Luo river”, a central Chinese river)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "낙수(洛水)"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Korean terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of 낙양(洛陽) (nagyang( 洛陽 ), “Luoyang”, Chinese city and ancient capital)"
],
"links": [
[
"낙양",
"낙양#Korean"
],
[
"洛陽",
"洛陽#Korean"
],
[
"Luoyang",
"Luoyang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Synonym of 낙양(洛陽) (nagyang( 洛陽 ), “Luoyang”, Chinese city and ancient capital)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(nagyang( 洛陽 ), “Luoyang”, Chinese city and ancient capital)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "낙양(洛陽)"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠k̚]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[낙]"
}
],
"word": "낙"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hanja readings",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sino-Korean words"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "okm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "낙〮",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "낙〮",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "낙〮",
"2": "nák"
},
"expansion": "낙〮 (Yale: nák)",
"name": "okm-inline"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters, from Middle Korean 낙〮 (Yale: nák).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "syllable",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠k̚]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[낙]"
}
],
"word": "낙"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hanja readings",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sino-Korean words"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "okm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "낙〮",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "낙〮",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "낙〮",
"2": "nák"
},
"expansion": "낙〮 (Yale: nák)",
"name": "okm-inline"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "락",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "락",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "락",
"2": "lák"
},
"expansion": "락 (Yale: lák)",
"name": "okm-inline"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "락"
},
"expansion": "락 (rak)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "락"
},
"expansion": "락 (rak)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "낙"
},
"expansion": "낙 (nak)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "r-"
},
"expansion": "[r-]",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound. From Middle Korean 낙〮 (Yale: nák) or 락 (Yale: lák). When preceded by another character in a compound, they take the 락 (rak) form.\nIn the North Korean standard (and in the speech of Koreans in China, who use the Northern standard), these characters are always read as 락 (rak). However, this is the result of an artificial standardization of Sino-Korean readings. Before the establishment of North Korea, most dialects of Korean read the characters as 낙 (nak) in isolation and initial position, due to a phonological restriction against having word-initial [r-].",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "syllable",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠k̚]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[낙]"
}
],
"word": "낙"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2278",
"msg": "suspicious alt_of/form_of with '(': 낙수(洛水)",
"path": [
"낙"
],
"section": "Korean",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "낙",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2278",
"msg": "suspicious alt_of/form_of with '(': 낙양(洛陽)",
"path": [
"낙"
],
"section": "Korean",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "낙",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.