"공부하다" meaning in All languages combined

See 공부하다 on Wiktionary

Verb [Korean]

IPA: [ko̞ŋbuɦa̠da̠] [SK-Standard, Seoul]
Etymology: 공부(工夫) (gongbu) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs). Etymology templates: {{af|ko|공부(工夫)|-하다|pos2=light verb deriving active verbs|t2=to do}} 공부(工夫) (gongbu) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs) Head templates: {{ko-verb|hanja=工夫하다}} 공부하다 • (gongbuhada) (infinitive 공부해 or 공부하여, sequential 공부하니, hanja 工夫하다) Forms: gongbuhada [romanization], 공부해 [infinitive], 공부하여 [infinitive], 공부하니 [sequential], 工夫하다 [hanja], irregular [table-tags], 공부한다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 공부해 [indicative, informal, non-past], 공부해요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 공부합니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 공부했다 [formal, indicative, past], 공부했어 [indicative, informal, past], 공부했어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 공부했습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 공부하느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 공부해 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 공부해요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 공부합니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 공부했느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 공부했어 [informal, interrogative, past], 공부했어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 공부했습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 공부하자 [formal, hortative], 공부해 [hortative, informal], 공부해요 [hortative, informal, polite], 공부하십시다 [formal, hortative, polite], 공부해라 [formal, imperative], 공부하여라 [formal, imperative], 공부해 [imperative, informal], 공부해요 [imperative, informal, polite], 공부합시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 공부하겠다 [assertive, formal], 공부하겠어 [assertive, informal], 공부하겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 공부하겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 공부해 [causative, formal], 공부해서 [causative, informal], 공부하여서 [causative, informal], 공부하니 [causative, informal, polite], 공부하니까 [causative, formal, polite], 공부하지만 [contrastive, formal], 공부하는데 [contrastive, informal], 공부하더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 공부하고 [conjunctive, formal], 공부하면 [conditional, formal], 공부해야 [conditional, informal], 공부하여야 [conditional, informal], 공부하려고 [formal, motive-form], 공부함 [formal, noun-from-verb], 공부하기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 공부했음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 공부하였음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 공부했기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 공부하였기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 공부한 [determiner, formal, past], 공부하는 [determiner, formal, present], 공부할 [determiner, formal, future], irregular [table-tags], 공부하신다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 공부하셔 [indicative, informal, non-past], 공부하세요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 공부하셔요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 공부하십니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 공부하셨다 [formal, indicative, past], 공부하셨어 [indicative, informal, past], 공부하셨어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 공부하셨습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 공부하시느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 공부하셔 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 공부하세요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 공부하셔요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 공부하십니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 공부하셨느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 공부하셨어 [informal, interrogative, past], 공부하셨어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 공부하셨습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 공부하시라 [formal, imperative], 공부하셔 [imperative, informal], 공부하세요 [imperative, informal, polite], 공부하십시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 공부하시겠다 [assertive, formal], 공부하시겠어 [assertive, informal], 공부하시겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 공부하시겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 공부하셔 [causative, formal], 공부하셔서 [causative, informal], 공부하시니 [causative, informal, polite], 공부하시니까 [causative, formal, polite], 공부하시지만 [contrastive, formal], 공부하시는데 [contrastive, informal], 공부하시더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 공부하시고 [conjunctive, formal], 공부하시면 [conditional, formal], 공부하셔야 [conditional, informal], 공부하시려고 [formal, motive-form], 공부하심 [formal, noun-from-verb], 공부하시기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 공부하셨음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 공부하셨기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 공부하신 [determiner, formal, past], 공부하시는 [determiner, formal, present], 공부하실 [determiner, formal, future]
  1. (transitive or intransitive) to study Tags: intransitive, transitive

Download JSON data for 공부하다 meaning in All languages combined (13.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공부(工夫)",
        "3": "-하다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving active verbs",
        "t2": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "공부(工夫) (gongbu) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "공부(工夫) (gongbu) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gongbuhada",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하여",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "工夫하다",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부한다",
      "roman": "gongbuhanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해",
      "roman": "gongbuhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부합니다",
      "roman": "gongbuhamnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했다",
      "roman": "gongbuhaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했어",
      "roman": "gongbuhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했어요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했습니다",
      "roman": "gongbuhaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하느냐",
      "roman": "gongbuhaneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해",
      "roman": "gongbuhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부합니까",
      "roman": "gongbuhamnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했느냐",
      "roman": "gongbuhaenneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했어",
      "roman": "gongbuhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했어요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했습니까",
      "roman": "gongbuhaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하자",
      "roman": "gongbuhaja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해",
      "roman": "gongbuhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하십시다",
      "roman": "gongbuhasipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해라",
      "roman": "gongbuhaera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하여라",
      "roman": "gongbuhayeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해",
      "roman": "gongbuhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부합시오",
      "roman": "gongbuhapsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하겠다",
      "roman": "gongbuhagetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하겠어",
      "roman": "gongbuhagesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하겠어요",
      "roman": "gongbuhagesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하겠습니다",
      "roman": "gongbuhagetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해",
      "roman": "gongbuhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해서",
      "roman": "gongbuhaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하여서",
      "roman": "gongbuhayeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하니",
      "roman": "gongbuhani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하니까",
      "roman": "gongbuhanikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하지만",
      "roman": "gongbuhajiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하는데",
      "roman": "gongbuhaneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하더니",
      "roman": "gongbuhadeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하고",
      "roman": "gongbuhago",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하면",
      "roman": "gongbuhamyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해야",
      "roman": "gongbuhaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하여야",
      "roman": "gongbuhayeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하려고",
      "roman": "gongbuharyeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부함",
      "roman": "gongbuham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하기",
      "roman": "gongbuhagi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했음",
      "roman": "gongbuhaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하였음",
      "roman": "gongbuhayeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했기",
      "roman": "gongbuhaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하였기",
      "roman": "gongbuhayeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부한",
      "roman": "gongbuhan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하는",
      "roman": "gongbuhaneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부할",
      "roman": "gongbuhal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하신다",
      "roman": "gongbuhasinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하세요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔요",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하십니다",
      "roman": "gongbuhasimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨다",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨어",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨어요",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨습니다",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시느냐",
      "roman": "gongbuhasineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하세요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔요",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하십니까",
      "roman": "gongbuhasimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨느냐",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨어",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨어요",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨습니까",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시라",
      "roman": "gongbuhasira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하세요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하십시오",
      "roman": "gongbuhasipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시겠다",
      "roman": "gongbuhasigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시겠어",
      "roman": "gongbuhasigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시겠어요",
      "roman": "gongbuhasigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시겠습니다",
      "roman": "gongbuhasigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔서",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시니",
      "roman": "gongbuhasini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시니까",
      "roman": "gongbuhasinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시지만",
      "roman": "gongbuhasijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시는데",
      "roman": "gongbuhasineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시더니",
      "roman": "gongbuhasideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시고",
      "roman": "gongbuhasigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시면",
      "roman": "gongbuhasimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔야",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시려고",
      "roman": "gongbuhasiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하심",
      "roman": "gongbuhasim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시기",
      "roman": "gongbuhasigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨음",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨기",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하신",
      "roman": "gongbuhasin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시는",
      "roman": "gongbuhasineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하실",
      "roman": "gongbuhasil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "工夫하다"
      },
      "expansion": "공부하다 • (gongbuhada) (infinitive 공부해 or 공부하여, sequential 공부하니, hanja 工夫하다)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms suffixed with -하다",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to study"
      ],
      "id": "en-공부하다-ko-verb-nUOYYRNk",
      "links": [
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive or intransitive) to study"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ŋbuɦa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[공부하다]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "공부하다"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공부(工夫)",
        "3": "-하다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving active verbs",
        "t2": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "공부(工夫) (gongbu) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "공부(工夫) (gongbu) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gongbuhada",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하여",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "工夫하다",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부한다",
      "roman": "gongbuhanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해",
      "roman": "gongbuhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부합니다",
      "roman": "gongbuhamnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했다",
      "roman": "gongbuhaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했어",
      "roman": "gongbuhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했어요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했습니다",
      "roman": "gongbuhaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하느냐",
      "roman": "gongbuhaneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해",
      "roman": "gongbuhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부합니까",
      "roman": "gongbuhamnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했느냐",
      "roman": "gongbuhaenneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했어",
      "roman": "gongbuhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했어요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했습니까",
      "roman": "gongbuhaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하자",
      "roman": "gongbuhaja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해",
      "roman": "gongbuhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하십시다",
      "roman": "gongbuhasipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해라",
      "roman": "gongbuhaera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하여라",
      "roman": "gongbuhayeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해",
      "roman": "gongbuhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부합시오",
      "roman": "gongbuhapsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하겠다",
      "roman": "gongbuhagetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하겠어",
      "roman": "gongbuhagesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하겠어요",
      "roman": "gongbuhagesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하겠습니다",
      "roman": "gongbuhagetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해",
      "roman": "gongbuhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해서",
      "roman": "gongbuhaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하여서",
      "roman": "gongbuhayeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하니",
      "roman": "gongbuhani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하니까",
      "roman": "gongbuhanikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하지만",
      "roman": "gongbuhajiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하는데",
      "roman": "gongbuhaneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하더니",
      "roman": "gongbuhadeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하고",
      "roman": "gongbuhago",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하면",
      "roman": "gongbuhamyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부해야",
      "roman": "gongbuhaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하여야",
      "roman": "gongbuhayeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하려고",
      "roman": "gongbuharyeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부함",
      "roman": "gongbuham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하기",
      "roman": "gongbuhagi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했음",
      "roman": "gongbuhaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하였음",
      "roman": "gongbuhayeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부했기",
      "roman": "gongbuhaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하였기",
      "roman": "gongbuhayeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부한",
      "roman": "gongbuhan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하는",
      "roman": "gongbuhaneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부할",
      "roman": "gongbuhal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하신다",
      "roman": "gongbuhasinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하세요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔요",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하십니다",
      "roman": "gongbuhasimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨다",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨어",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨어요",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨습니다",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시느냐",
      "roman": "gongbuhasineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하세요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔요",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하십니까",
      "roman": "gongbuhasimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨느냐",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨어",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨어요",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨습니까",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시라",
      "roman": "gongbuhasira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하세요",
      "roman": "gongbuhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하십시오",
      "roman": "gongbuhasipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시겠다",
      "roman": "gongbuhasigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시겠어",
      "roman": "gongbuhasigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시겠어요",
      "roman": "gongbuhasigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시겠습니다",
      "roman": "gongbuhasigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔서",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시니",
      "roman": "gongbuhasini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시니까",
      "roman": "gongbuhasinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시지만",
      "roman": "gongbuhasijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시는데",
      "roman": "gongbuhasineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시더니",
      "roman": "gongbuhasideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시고",
      "roman": "gongbuhasigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시면",
      "roman": "gongbuhasimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셔야",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시려고",
      "roman": "gongbuhasiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하심",
      "roman": "gongbuhasim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시기",
      "roman": "gongbuhasigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨음",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하셨기",
      "roman": "gongbuhasyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하신",
      "roman": "gongbuhasin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하시는",
      "roman": "gongbuhasineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공부하실",
      "roman": "gongbuhasil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "工夫하다"
      },
      "expansion": "공부하다 • (gongbuhada) (infinitive 공부해 or 공부하여, sequential 공부하니, hanja 工夫하다)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean ha-irregular verbs",
        "Korean intransitive verbs",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean terms suffixed with -하다",
        "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Korean transitive verbs",
        "Korean verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to study"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive or intransitive) to study"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ŋbuɦa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[공부하다]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "공부하다"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
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  "trace": ""
}

{
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}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.