See 馬面 on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sa",
"3": "अश्वशीर्ष",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "calque of Sanskrit अश्वशीर्ष (aśvaśīrṣa)",
"name": "cal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "馬頭",
"3": "",
"4": "Horse-Head",
"tr": "Mezu"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 馬頭 (Mezu, “Horse-Head”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly a calque of Sanskrit अश्वशीर्ष (aśvaśīrṣa). Compare Japanese 馬頭 (Mezu, “Horse-Head”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "马面",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "馬面",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Chinese mythology",
"orig": "zh:Chinese mythology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Horse-Face, one of the two guardians of hell"
],
"id": "en-馬面-zh-name-KnnFCLEg",
"links": [
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"guardian",
"guardian"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chinese mythology) Horse-Face, one of the two guardians of hell"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "niútóumǎmiàn",
"word": "牛頭馬面"
},
{
"roman": "niútóumǎmiàn",
"word": "牛头马面"
}
],
"tags": [
"Chinese"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Mǎmiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄚˇ ㄇㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "maa⁵ min⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Bé-bīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Mǎmiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄚˇ ㄇㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Mǎmiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Ma³-mien⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Mǎ-myàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Maamiann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Мамянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Mamjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "máh mihn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "maa⁵ min⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ma⁵ min⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/maː¹³ miːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Bé-bīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Bé-bīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "befbin"
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/maː¹³ miːn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/"
}
],
"word": "馬面"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "马面",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "馬面",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hokkien Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 65 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 69 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 70 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 62 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "zh:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"someone with a long face (like that of a horse)"
],
"id": "en-馬面-zh-noun-K5SgaWKg",
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"face",
"face"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Hokkien) someone with a long face (like that of a horse)"
],
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hokkien Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mainland China Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ugly look"
],
"id": "en-馬面-zh-noun-~LOLyGwR",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
],
[
"look",
"look"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mainland China Hokkien) ugly look"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"roman": "chǒuxiàng",
"sense": "ugly look",
"word": "醜相"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"roman": "chǒuxiàng",
"sense": "ugly look",
"word": "丑相"
}
],
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Mainland-China"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"zh-pron": "bé-bīn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "bée-bīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bé-bīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bé-bīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "befbin"
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bin⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bée-bīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bée-bīn"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bin⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/"
}
],
"word": "馬面"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms calqued from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms spelled with 面",
"Chinese terms spelled with 馬",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Mythological creatures"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sa",
"3": "अश्वशीर्ष",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "calque of Sanskrit अश्वशीर्ष (aśvaśīrṣa)",
"name": "cal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "馬頭",
"3": "",
"4": "Horse-Head",
"tr": "Mezu"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 馬頭 (Mezu, “Horse-Head”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly a calque of Sanskrit अश्वशीर्ष (aśvaśīrṣa). Compare Japanese 馬頭 (Mezu, “Horse-Head”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "马面",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "馬面",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"roman": "niútóumǎmiàn",
"word": "牛頭馬面"
},
{
"roman": "niútóumǎmiàn",
"word": "牛头马面"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"zh:Chinese mythology"
],
"glosses": [
"Horse-Face, one of the two guardians of hell"
],
"links": [
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"guardian",
"guardian"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chinese mythology) Horse-Face, one of the two guardians of hell"
],
"tags": [
"Chinese"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Mǎmiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄚˇ ㄇㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "maa⁵ min⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Bé-bīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Mǎmiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄚˇ ㄇㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Mǎmiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Ma³-mien⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Mǎ-myàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Maamiann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Мамянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Mamjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "máh mihn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "maa⁵ min⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ma⁵ min⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/maː¹³ miːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Bé-bīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Bé-bīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "befbin"
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/maː¹³ miːn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/"
}
],
"word": "馬面"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 面",
"Chinese terms spelled with 馬",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Mythological creatures"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "马面",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "馬面",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hokkien Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"someone with a long face (like that of a horse)"
],
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"face",
"face"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Hokkien) someone with a long face (like that of a horse)"
],
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Hokkien Chinese",
"Mainland China Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"ugly look"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
],
[
"look",
"look"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mainland China Hokkien) ugly look"
],
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Mainland-China"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"zh-pron": "bé-bīn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "bée-bīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bé-bīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bé-bīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "befbin"
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bin⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bée-bīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bée-bīn"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bin⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "chǒuxiàng",
"sense": "ugly look",
"word": "醜相"
},
{
"roman": "chǒuxiàng",
"sense": "ugly look",
"word": "丑相"
}
],
"word": "馬面"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 馬面 meaning in All languages combined (5.5kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"馬面"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "馬面",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"馬面"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "馬面",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"馬面"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "馬面",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.