"菠薐草" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "菠薐草",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of 菠薐 (bōléng)"
      ],
      "id": "en-菠薐草-zh-noun-F2Xy2VTm",
      "links": [
        [
          "菠薐",
          "菠薐#Chinese"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "bōléng",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "菠薐"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bōléngcǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄅㄛ ㄌㄥˊ ㄘㄠˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bōléngcǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "boléngcǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "po¹-lêng²-tsʻao³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bwō-léng-tsǎu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bolengtsao"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "болэнцао"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bolɛncao"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "菠薐草"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "菠薐",
        "tr": "hōren"
      },
      "expansion": "菠薐 (hōren)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "菠薐",
        "sort": "ほうれんそう"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese 菠薐",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "spinach"
      },
      "expansion": "spinach",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "ほうれんそう"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "पालङ्ग",
        "3": "",
        "4": "beet” or “beet greens” initially, later extended to also refer to “spinach"
      },
      "expansion": "पालङ्ग (pālaṅga, “beet” or “beet greens” initially, later extended to also refer to “spinach”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ne",
        "2": "पालुङ्गो",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spinach"
      },
      "expansion": "Nepali पालुङ्गो (pāluṅgo, “spinach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "菠薐",
        "3": "草",
        "pos1": "obsolete, not used in modern Japanese",
        "sort": "ほうれんそう",
        "t1": "spinach",
        "t2": "herb, plant",
        "tr1": "hōren",
        "tr2": "sō"
      },
      "expansion": "菠薐 (hōren, “spinach”, obsolete, not used in modern Japanese) + 草 (sō, “herb, plant”)",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The plant was introduced to Japan in the 16th century from China. A number of Japanese sources state that the term 菠薐 (hōren) had previously been borrowed from Middle Chinese 菠薐 to refer vaguely to Persia or Nepal. The spinach plant did likely originate in the area of ancient Persia, but the Chinese term itself means spinach, not Nepal or Persia or any other place name. The plant was introduced to China via the region of Nepal around the year 647, suggesting that the Chinese term may have been borrowed from the Sanskrit language in use by the Licchavi kingdom ruling Nepal at that time. One possible Sanskrit source term is पालङ्ग (pālaṅga, “beet” or “beet greens” initially, later extended to also refer to “spinach”). Compare modern Nepali पालुङ्गो (pāluṅgo, “spinach”).\nThe Japanese term would thus be a compound of 菠薐 (hōren, “spinach”, obsolete, not used in modern Japanese) + 草 (sō, “herb, plant”).\nThe alternative kanji spellings are ateji or phonetic substitutions.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "菠薐草",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "菠薐草",
          "ほうれんそう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "菠薐草",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "菠薐草",
          "ホウレンソウ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōrensō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "faurensau",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はうれんさう",
      "roman": "faurensau",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ほうれんそう",
        "2": "ホウレンソウ",
        "hhira": "はうれんさう"
      },
      "expansion": "菠薐草(ほうれんそう) or 菠薐草(ホウレンソウ) • (hōrensō) ^(←はうれんさう (faurensau)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Vegetables",
          "orig": "ja:Vegetables",
          "parents": [
            "Foods",
            "Plants",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spinach"
      ],
      "id": "en-菠薐草-ja-noun-in~rSr~1",
      "links": [
        [
          "spinach",
          "spinach"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Daijisen",
        "Shogakukan",
        "Spinach",
        "Tōkyō",
        "ja:ホウレンソウ",
        "ja:大辞泉",
        "ja:松村明"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ほーれんそー"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ho̞ːɾẽ̞ɰ̃so̞ː]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "菠薐草"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "菠薐草",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese nouns",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin nouns",
        "Pages with raw sortkeys"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of 菠薐 (bōléng)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "菠薐",
          "菠薐#Chinese"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "bōléng",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "菠薐"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bōléngcǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄅㄛ ㄌㄥˊ ㄘㄠˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bōléngcǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "boléngcǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "po¹-lêng²-tsʻao³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bwō-léng-tsǎu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bolengtsao"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "болэнцао"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bolɛncao"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "菠薐草"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "菠薐",
        "tr": "hōren"
      },
      "expansion": "菠薐 (hōren)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "菠薐",
        "sort": "ほうれんそう"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese 菠薐",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "spinach"
      },
      "expansion": "spinach",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "ほうれんそう"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "पालङ्ग",
        "3": "",
        "4": "beet” or “beet greens” initially, later extended to also refer to “spinach"
      },
      "expansion": "पालङ्ग (pālaṅga, “beet” or “beet greens” initially, later extended to also refer to “spinach”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ne",
        "2": "पालुङ्गो",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spinach"
      },
      "expansion": "Nepali पालुङ्गो (pāluṅgo, “spinach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "菠薐",
        "3": "草",
        "pos1": "obsolete, not used in modern Japanese",
        "sort": "ほうれんそう",
        "t1": "spinach",
        "t2": "herb, plant",
        "tr1": "hōren",
        "tr2": "sō"
      },
      "expansion": "菠薐 (hōren, “spinach”, obsolete, not used in modern Japanese) + 草 (sō, “herb, plant”)",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The plant was introduced to Japan in the 16th century from China. A number of Japanese sources state that the term 菠薐 (hōren) had previously been borrowed from Middle Chinese 菠薐 to refer vaguely to Persia or Nepal. The spinach plant did likely originate in the area of ancient Persia, but the Chinese term itself means spinach, not Nepal or Persia or any other place name. The plant was introduced to China via the region of Nepal around the year 647, suggesting that the Chinese term may have been borrowed from the Sanskrit language in use by the Licchavi kingdom ruling Nepal at that time. One possible Sanskrit source term is पालङ्ग (pālaṅga, “beet” or “beet greens” initially, later extended to also refer to “spinach”). Compare modern Nepali पालुङ्गो (pāluṅgo, “spinach”).\nThe Japanese term would thus be a compound of 菠薐 (hōren, “spinach”, obsolete, not used in modern Japanese) + 草 (sō, “herb, plant”).\nThe alternative kanji spellings are ateji or phonetic substitutions.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "菠薐草",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "菠薐草",
          "ほうれんそう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "菠薐草",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "菠薐草",
          "ホウレンソウ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōrensō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "faurensau",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はうれんさう",
      "roman": "faurensau",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ほうれんそう",
        "2": "ホウレンソウ",
        "hhira": "はうれんさう"
      },
      "expansion": "菠薐草(ほうれんそう) or 菠薐草(ホウレンソウ) • (hōrensō) ^(←はうれんさう (faurensau)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese compound terms",
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese nouns",
        "Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese",
        "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
        "Japanese terms derived from Sanskrit",
        "Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms written with three Han script characters",
        "Pages with raw sortkeys",
        "ja:Vegetables"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spinach"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spinach",
          "spinach"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Daijisen",
        "Shogakukan",
        "Spinach",
        "Tōkyō",
        "ja:ホウレンソウ",
        "ja:大辞泉",
        "ja:松村明"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ほーれんそー"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ho̞ːɾẽ̞ɰ̃so̞ː]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "菠薐草"
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "菠薐草"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "菠薐草",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "菠薐草"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "菠薐草",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "菠薐草"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "菠薐草",
  "trace": ""
}