See 苦しい on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kuru-⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kuru-⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨-si⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨-si⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"alt1": "⟨kuru-⟩",
"alt2": "⟨-si⟩",
"nocat": "1",
"pos1": "indicates stress or temper",
"pos2": "adjectivizing suffix, gives object the possession of the adjective's quality"
},
"expansion": "⟨kuru-⟩ (indicates stress or temper) + ⟨-si⟩ (adjectivizing suffix, gives object the possession of the adjective's quality)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kuru",
"sort": "くるしい"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kuru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "苦",
"tr": "guri"
},
"expansion": "Miyako 苦 (guri)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "悲しい",
"t": "sad",
"tr": "kanashii"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 悲しい (kanashii, “sad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "悲す",
"pos": "Japanese <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">悲しい</i> (kanashii, “sad”)",
"tr": "kanasu"
},
"expansion": "Miyako 悲す (kanasu, Japanese 悲しい (kanashii, “sad”))",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ja-mid-ear",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Early Middle Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/-k-/"
},
"expansion": "/-k-/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦し",
"2": "kurushi",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "from the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 苦し (kurushi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out.",
"name": "ja-adj-shiku"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, and likely extant earlier as the intransitive verb 苦しむ (kurushimu, “to suffer, to be stressed out”) was first cited to the Kojiki of 712 CE.\nAnalyzable as a compound of bound morpheme ⟨kuru-⟩ (indicates stress or temper) + ⟨-si⟩ (adjectivizing suffix, gives object the possession of the adjective's quality), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kuru. Compare 狂う (kuruu, “to be mad, to get angry”). Compare also Miyako 苦 (guri) against Miyako 悲す (kanasu, Japanese 悲しい (kanashii, “sad”)).\nThe modern form kurushii is derived from the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 苦し (kurushi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦しい",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"くる"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushii",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しく",
"roman": "kurushiku",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"くる"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushiku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushiku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushii desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushiku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushiku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushisa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くるしい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "苦(くる)しい • (kurushii) -i (adverbial 苦(くる)しく (kurushiku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "くるし",
"lemma": "苦し",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 10 11 22 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 10 12 21 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 9 10 21 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 5 5 11 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 24 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 16 19 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 9 10 22 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 9 10 23 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 18 19 14 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 12 15 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Kirara… Does it still hurt?",
"ref": "1999 October 15, Rumiko Takahashi, “地(じ)念(ねん)児(じ) [Jinenji]”, in [犬](いぬ)[夜](や)[叉](しゃ) [Inuyasha], volume 12 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 62:",
"roman": "Kirara… Kurushii no?",
"ruby": [
[
"雲母",
"きらら"
],
[
"苦",
"くる"
]
],
"text": "雲母…苦しいの？",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"physically painful, agonizing"
],
"id": "en-苦しい-ja-adj-l3Qvzr~3",
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"agonizing",
"agonizing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 24 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"difficult, strenuous, mentally trying"
],
"id": "en-苦しい-ja-adj-4Xn6FHpq",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"strenuous",
"strenuous"
],
[
"trying",
"trying"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 24 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Being unable to be by your side is painful.",
"roman": "aenai nante kurushii yo",
"ruby": [
[
"会",
"あ"
],
[
"苦",
"くる"
]
],
"text": "会えないなんて苦しいよ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mentally agonizing"
],
"id": "en-苦しい-ja-adj-n7jrorSl",
"links": [
[
"mentally",
"mentally"
],
[
"agonizing",
"agonizing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 24 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight (budget etc.), straitened"
],
"id": "en-苦しい-ja-adj-IhaxrqLQ",
"links": [
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"straitened",
"straitened"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 24 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forced"
],
"id": "en-苦しい-ja-adj-OMhjLfw7",
"links": [
[
"forced",
"forced"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くるしい"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾɯ̟ɕii]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "苦しい"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Early Middle Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Early Middle Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kuru-⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kuru-⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨-si⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨-si⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"alt1": "⟨kuru-⟩",
"alt2": "⟨-si⟩",
"nocat": "1",
"pos1": "indicates stress or temper",
"pos2": "adjectivizing suffix, gives object the possession of the adjective's quality"
},
"expansion": "⟨kuru-⟩ (indicates stress or temper) + ⟨-si⟩ (adjectivizing suffix, gives object the possession of the adjective's quality)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kuru",
"sort": "くるしい"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kuru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "苦",
"tr": "guri"
},
"expansion": "Miyako 苦 (guri)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "悲しい",
"t": "sad",
"tr": "kanashii"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 悲しい (kanashii, “sad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "悲す",
"pos": "Japanese <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">悲しい</i> (kanashii, “sad”)",
"tr": "kanasu"
},
"expansion": "Miyako 悲す (kanasu, Japanese 悲しい (kanashii, “sad”))",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ja-mid-ear",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Early Middle Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/-k-/"
},
"expansion": "/-k-/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦し",
"2": "kurushi",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "from the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 苦し (kurushi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out.",
"name": "ja-adj-shiku"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, and likely extant earlier as the intransitive verb 苦しむ (kurushimu, “to suffer, to be stressed out”) was first cited to the Kojiki of 712 CE.\nAnalyzable as a compound of bound morpheme ⟨kuru-⟩ (indicates stress or temper) + ⟨-si⟩ (adjectivizing suffix, gives object the possession of the adjective's quality), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kuru. Compare 狂う (kuruu, “to be mad, to get angry”). Compare also Miyako 苦 (guri) against Miyako 悲す (kanasu, Japanese 悲しい (kanashii, “sad”)).\nThe modern form kurushii is derived from the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 苦し (kurushi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦しい",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"くる"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushii",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しく",
"roman": "kurushiku",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"くる"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushiku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushiku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushii desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushiku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushiku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushikarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "苦しさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "くるしさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "kurushisa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くるしい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "苦(くる)しい • (kurushii) -i (adverbial 苦(くる)しく (kurushiku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "くるし",
"lemma": "苦し",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Kirara… Does it still hurt?",
"ref": "1999 October 15, Rumiko Takahashi, “地(じ)念(ねん)児(じ) [Jinenji]”, in [犬](いぬ)[夜](や)[叉](しゃ) [Inuyasha], volume 12 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 62:",
"roman": "Kirara… Kurushii no?",
"ruby": [
[
"雲母",
"きらら"
],
[
"苦",
"くる"
]
],
"text": "雲母…苦しいの？",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"physically painful, agonizing"
],
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"agonizing",
"agonizing"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"difficult, strenuous, mentally trying"
],
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"strenuous",
"strenuous"
],
[
"trying",
"trying"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Being unable to be by your side is painful.",
"roman": "aenai nante kurushii yo",
"ruby": [
[
"会",
"あ"
],
[
"苦",
"くる"
]
],
"text": "会えないなんて苦しいよ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mentally agonizing"
],
"links": [
[
"mentally",
"mentally"
],
[
"agonizing",
"agonizing"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tight (budget etc.), straitened"
],
"links": [
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"straitened",
"straitened"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forced"
],
"links": [
[
"forced",
"forced"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くるしい"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾɯ̟ɕii]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "苦しい"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 苦しい meaning in All languages combined (10.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"苦しい"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "苦しい",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.