"考える" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "thought",
      "roman": "kangae",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "考",
          "かんが"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "考え"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*/kangaweru/"
      },
      "expansion": "*/kangaweru/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/f/"
      },
      "expansion": "/f/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ハ行転呼",
        "tr": "ha-gyō tenko"
      },
      "expansion": "ハ行転呼 (ha-gyō tenko)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/we/"
      },
      "expansion": "/we/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/je/"
      },
      "expansion": "/je/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "かんがえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "処",
        "tr": "ka"
      },
      "expansion": "処 (ka)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "こ",
        "tr": "ko"
      },
      "expansion": "こ (ko)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ここ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "here",
        "tr": "koko"
      },
      "expansion": "ここ (koko, “here”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "どこ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "where",
        "tr": "doko"
      },
      "expansion": "どこ (doko, “where”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "向かう",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to face something, to face a direction",
        "pos": "pronounced as mukapu in ancient times",
        "tr": "mukau"
      },
      "expansion": "向かう (mukau, “to face something, to face a direction”, pronounced as mukapu in ancient times)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "face",
        "3": "facing"
      },
      "expansion": "facing",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ん"
      },
      "expansion": "ん",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "勘",
        "3": "",
        "4": "intuition, perception",
        "pos": "prior to the development of the kana <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">ん</i>, this would have been spelled as kamu",
        "tr": "kan"
      },
      "expansion": "勘 (kan, “intuition, perception”, prior to the development of the kana ん, this would have been spelled as kamu)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "変える",
        "t": "to change",
        "tr": "kaeru"
      },
      "expansion": "変える (kaeru, “to change”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "change",
        "3": "changing"
      },
      "expansion": "changing",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "turn",
        "3": "turning"
      },
      "expansion": "turning",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かうがふ"
      },
      "expansion": "かうがふ (kaugafu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かがふ"
      },
      "expansion": "かがふ (kagafu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "*/kamukapu/ → /kamuɡapu/ → /kanɡafu/ → /kanɡaferu/ (regular change for lower bigrade verbs) → */kangaweru/ (semi-regular sound shift for the /f/ phoneme: ハ行転呼 (ha-gyō tenko)) → /kanɡajeru/ (semi-regular sound shift, collapsing /we/ into /je/) → /kanɡaeru/\nFrom Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720.\nUltimate derivation uncertain. Theories include:\n* Given the ancient kamugapu spelling, may be ka + mukau, where the ka is an unidentified prefixing element, or possibly 処 (ka), cognate with the こ (ko) in location determiners like ここ (koko, “here”), どこ (doko, “where”), and the mukau is 向かう (mukau, “to face something, to face a direction”, pronounced as mukapu in ancient times), from the sense of facing a thing or issue to thoroughly inspect it and think it over. The shift from mukapu to mugapu may be an example of assimilation and lenition, where the preceding /m/ softens the following /k/.\n* Alternatively, may be derived from the on'yomi of kan for the character 勘 (kan, “intuition, perception”, prior to the development of the kana ん, this would have been spelled as kamu), plus some unknown element that was probably originally kapu, changing to gapu due to rendaku. The semantically relevant verbs with ancient readings of kapu, such as 変える (kaeru, “to change”) all have to do with ideas of changing or turning, suggesting a possible original meaning of to change one's perception. In addition, there are also obsolete readings of かうがふ (kaugafu) and かがふ (kagafu), giving further support for this etymology.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "考える",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "考",
          "かんが"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaeru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaferu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考え",
      "roman": "kangae",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "考",
          "かんが"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えた",
      "roman": "kangaeta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "考",
          "かんが"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考え",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考える",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaeyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かんがえる",
        "hhira": "かんがへる",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "考(かんが)える • (kangaeru) ^(←かんがへる (kangaferu)?)transitive ichidan (stem 考(かんが)え (kangae), past 考(かんが)えた (kangaeta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I need to think about this.",
          "roman": "Kore ni tsuite kangaeru hitsuyō ga aru n da.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "考",
              "かんが"
            ],
            [
              "必",
              "ひつ"
            ],
            [
              "要",
              "よう"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "これについて考える必要があるんだ。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "think"
      ],
      "id": "en-考える-ja-verb-3C~BnY~O",
      "links": [
        [
          "think",
          "think"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "71 0 10 10 0 0 0 10 0",
          "roman": "omou",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "思",
              "おも"
            ]
          ],
          "sense": "to think",
          "word": "思う"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "meditate"
      ],
      "id": "en-考える-ja-verb-S5~~~Sym",
      "links": [
        [
          "meditate",
          "meditate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Out of consideration for the people who will live here next, I will clean thoroughly when I move.",
          "roman": "Koko ni sumu hito no koto mo kangaete, hikkoshi no toki wa kirei ni sōji o suru.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "住",
              "す"
            ],
            [
              "人",
              "ひと"
            ],
            [
              "考",
              "かんが"
            ],
            [
              "引",
              "ひ"
            ],
            [
              "越",
              "こ"
            ],
            [
              "時",
              "とき"
            ],
            [
              "綺",
              "き"
            ],
            [
              "麗",
              "れい"
            ],
            [
              "掃",
              "そう"
            ],
            [
              "除",
              "じ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "ここに住む人のことも考えて、引っ越しの時は綺麗に掃除をする。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "consider"
      ],
      "id": "en-考える-ja-verb-IYFYR5X~",
      "links": [
        [
          "consider",
          "consider"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I must reflect on what I have done.",
          "roman": "Watashi ga shita koto ni tsuite kangaenakereba naranai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "私",
              "わたし"
            ],
            [
              "考",
              "かんが"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "私がしたことについて考えなければならない。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "reflect"
      ],
      "id": "en-考える-ja-verb-kJygCW1R",
      "links": [
        [
          "reflect",
          "reflect"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I am prepared for electric power failures.",
          "roman": "Teiden no toki no koto mo kangaete aru.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "停",
              "てい"
            ],
            [
              "電",
              "でん"
            ],
            [
              "時",
              "とき"
            ],
            [
              "考",
              "かんが"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "停電の時のことも考えてある。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "prepare"
      ],
      "id": "en-考える-ja-verb-RWZtl2ur",
      "links": [
        [
          "prepare",
          "prepare"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "make up one's mind"
      ],
      "id": "en-考える-ja-verb-0Y3jgSMq"
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "A failure that I had not expected has happened.",
          "roman": "Kangaerarenai yō na shippai ga okita.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "考",
              "かんが"
            ],
            [
              "失",
              "しっ"
            ],
            [
              "敗",
              "ぱい"
            ],
            [
              "起",
              "お"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "考えられないような失敗が起きた。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "expect"
      ],
      "id": "en-考える-ja-verb-d~LwNnJu",
      "links": [
        [
          "expect",
          "expect"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 7 7 7 10 14 11 31 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 6 7 6 8 11 9 43 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 5 5 5 7 10 7 52 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 5 5 5 7 10 7 51 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 5 6 5 7 9 9 52 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 5 5 5 7 10 7 52 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 5 5 5 7 10 7 51 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "It cannot be imagined what will happen after death.",
          "roman": "Shinda ato no koto wa dare ni mo kangaerarenai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "死",
              "し"
            ],
            [
              "後",
              "あと"
            ],
            [
              "誰",
              "だれ"
            ],
            [
              "考",
              "かんが"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "死んだ後のことは誰にも考えられない。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "imagine"
      ],
      "id": "en-考える-ja-verb-f91lu6qm",
      "links": [
        [
          "imagine",
          "imagine"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "contrive"
      ],
      "id": "en-考える-ja-verb-pf8rz2QM",
      "links": [
        [
          "contrive",
          "contrive"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かんがえる"
    },
    {
      "other": "かんがえる"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kã̠ŋɡa̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nihon Shoki"
  ],
  "word": "考える"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese type 2 verbs",
    "Japanese verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "thought",
      "roman": "kangae",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "考",
          "かんが"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "考え"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*/kangaweru/"
      },
      "expansion": "*/kangaweru/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/f/"
      },
      "expansion": "/f/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ハ行転呼",
        "tr": "ha-gyō tenko"
      },
      "expansion": "ハ行転呼 (ha-gyō tenko)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/we/"
      },
      "expansion": "/we/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/je/"
      },
      "expansion": "/je/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "かんがえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "処",
        "tr": "ka"
      },
      "expansion": "処 (ka)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "こ",
        "tr": "ko"
      },
      "expansion": "こ (ko)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ここ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "here",
        "tr": "koko"
      },
      "expansion": "ここ (koko, “here”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "どこ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "where",
        "tr": "doko"
      },
      "expansion": "どこ (doko, “where”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "向かう",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to face something, to face a direction",
        "pos": "pronounced as mukapu in ancient times",
        "tr": "mukau"
      },
      "expansion": "向かう (mukau, “to face something, to face a direction”, pronounced as mukapu in ancient times)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "face",
        "3": "facing"
      },
      "expansion": "facing",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ん"
      },
      "expansion": "ん",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "勘",
        "3": "",
        "4": "intuition, perception",
        "pos": "prior to the development of the kana <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">ん</i>, this would have been spelled as kamu",
        "tr": "kan"
      },
      "expansion": "勘 (kan, “intuition, perception”, prior to the development of the kana ん, this would have been spelled as kamu)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "変える",
        "t": "to change",
        "tr": "kaeru"
      },
      "expansion": "変える (kaeru, “to change”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "change",
        "3": "changing"
      },
      "expansion": "changing",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "turn",
        "3": "turning"
      },
      "expansion": "turning",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かうがふ"
      },
      "expansion": "かうがふ (kaugafu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かがふ"
      },
      "expansion": "かがふ (kagafu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "*/kamukapu/ → /kamuɡapu/ → /kanɡafu/ → /kanɡaferu/ (regular change for lower bigrade verbs) → */kangaweru/ (semi-regular sound shift for the /f/ phoneme: ハ行転呼 (ha-gyō tenko)) → /kanɡajeru/ (semi-regular sound shift, collapsing /we/ into /je/) → /kanɡaeru/\nFrom Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720.\nUltimate derivation uncertain. Theories include:\n* Given the ancient kamugapu spelling, may be ka + mukau, where the ka is an unidentified prefixing element, or possibly 処 (ka), cognate with the こ (ko) in location determiners like ここ (koko, “here”), どこ (doko, “where”), and the mukau is 向かう (mukau, “to face something, to face a direction”, pronounced as mukapu in ancient times), from the sense of facing a thing or issue to thoroughly inspect it and think it over. The shift from mukapu to mugapu may be an example of assimilation and lenition, where the preceding /m/ softens the following /k/.\n* Alternatively, may be derived from the on'yomi of kan for the character 勘 (kan, “intuition, perception”, prior to the development of the kana ん, this would have been spelled as kamu), plus some unknown element that was probably originally kapu, changing to gapu due to rendaku. The semantically relevant verbs with ancient readings of kapu, such as 変える (kaeru, “to change”) all have to do with ideas of changing or turning, suggesting a possible original meaning of to change one's perception. In addition, there are also obsolete readings of かうがふ (kaugafu) and かがふ (kagafu), giving further support for this etymology.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "考える",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "考",
          "かんが"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaeru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaferu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考え",
      "roman": "kangae",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "考",
          "かんが"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えた",
      "roman": "kangaeta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "考",
          "かんが"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考え",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考える",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaeyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "考えれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんがえれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kangaereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かんがえる",
        "hhira": "かんがへる",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "考(かんが)える • (kangaeru) ^(←かんがへる (kangaferu)?)transitive ichidan (stem 考(かんが)え (kangae), past 考(かんが)えた (kangaeta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I need to think about this.",
          "roman": "Kore ni tsuite kangaeru hitsuyō ga aru n da.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "考",
              "かんが"
            ],
            [
              "必",
              "ひつ"
            ],
            [
              "要",
              "よう"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "これについて考える必要があるんだ。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "think"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "think",
          "think"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "meditate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "meditate",
          "meditate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Out of consideration for the people who will live here next, I will clean thoroughly when I move.",
          "roman": "Koko ni sumu hito no koto mo kangaete, hikkoshi no toki wa kirei ni sōji o suru.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "住",
              "す"
            ],
            [
              "人",
              "ひと"
            ],
            [
              "考",
              "かんが"
            ],
            [
              "引",
              "ひ"
            ],
            [
              "越",
              "こ"
            ],
            [
              "時",
              "とき"
            ],
            [
              "綺",
              "き"
            ],
            [
              "麗",
              "れい"
            ],
            [
              "掃",
              "そう"
            ],
            [
              "除",
              "じ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "ここに住む人のことも考えて、引っ越しの時は綺麗に掃除をする。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "consider"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "consider",
          "consider"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I must reflect on what I have done.",
          "roman": "Watashi ga shita koto ni tsuite kangaenakereba naranai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "私",
              "わたし"
            ],
            [
              "考",
              "かんが"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "私がしたことについて考えなければならない。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "reflect"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reflect",
          "reflect"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I am prepared for electric power failures.",
          "roman": "Teiden no toki no koto mo kangaete aru.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "停",
              "てい"
            ],
            [
              "電",
              "でん"
            ],
            [
              "時",
              "とき"
            ],
            [
              "考",
              "かんが"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "停電の時のことも考えてある。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "prepare"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prepare",
          "prepare"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "make up one's mind"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "A failure that I had not expected has happened.",
          "roman": "Kangaerarenai yō na shippai ga okita.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "考",
              "かんが"
            ],
            [
              "失",
              "しっ"
            ],
            [
              "敗",
              "ぱい"
            ],
            [
              "起",
              "お"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "考えられないような失敗が起きた。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "expect"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "expect",
          "expect"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "It cannot be imagined what will happen after death.",
          "roman": "Shinda ato no koto wa dare ni mo kangaerarenai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "死",
              "し"
            ],
            [
              "後",
              "あと"
            ],
            [
              "誰",
              "だれ"
            ],
            [
              "考",
              "かんが"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "死んだ後のことは誰にも考えられない。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "imagine"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "imagine",
          "imagine"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "contrive"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "contrive",
          "contrive"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かんがえる"
    },
    {
      "other": "かんがえる"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kã̠ŋɡa̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "omou",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "思",
          "おも"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "to think",
      "word": "思う"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nihon Shoki"
  ],
  "word": "考える"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "考える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "考える",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "考える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "考える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "考える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "考える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "考える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "考える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "考える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "考える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "考える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "考える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "考える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "考える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "考える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "考える",
  "trace": ""
}