See 立ち向かう on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "立ち向かう",
"ruby": [
[
"立",
"た"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かい",
"roman": "tachimukai",
"ruby": [
[
"立",
"た"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かった",
"roman": "tachimukatta",
"ruby": [
[
"立",
"た"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukawa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukawareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukawaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukawasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukaō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukawanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukawazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukaimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukaeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たちむかう",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "立(た)ち向(む)かう • (tachimukau) intransitive godan (stem 立(た)ち向(む)かい (tachimukai), past 立(た)ち向(む)かった (tachimukatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
17,
29
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"english": "He opposed fate",
"roman": "kare wa unmei ni tachimukatta",
"ruby": [
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"運命",
"うんめい"
],
[
"立",
"た"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"text": "彼は運命に立ち向かった",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to oppose; to face; to stand up to (someone)"
],
"id": "en-立ち向かう-ja-verb-BWE7jl5T",
"links": [
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
],
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"stand up",
"stand up"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たちむかう"
},
{
"other": "たちむかう"
},
{
"ipa": "[ta̠t͡ɕimɯ̟ka̠ɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "立ち向かう"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "立ち向かう",
"ruby": [
[
"立",
"た"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かい",
"roman": "tachimukai",
"ruby": [
[
"立",
"た"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かった",
"roman": "tachimukatta",
"ruby": [
[
"立",
"た"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukawa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukawareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukawaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukawasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukaō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukawanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukawazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukaimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "立ち向かえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "たちむかえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tachimukaeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たちむかう",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "立(た)ち向(む)かう • (tachimukau) intransitive godan (stem 立(た)ち向(む)かい (tachimukai), past 立(た)ち向(む)かった (tachimukatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
17,
29
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"english": "He opposed fate",
"roman": "kare wa unmei ni tachimukatta",
"ruby": [
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"運命",
"うんめい"
],
[
"立",
"た"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"text": "彼は運命に立ち向かった",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to oppose; to face; to stand up to (someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
],
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"stand up",
"stand up"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たちむかう"
},
{
"other": "たちむかう"
},
{
"ipa": "[ta̠t͡ɕimɯ̟ka̠ɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "立ち向かう"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 立ち向かう meaning in All languages combined (5.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"立ち向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "立ち向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"立ち向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "立ち向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"立ち向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "立ち向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"立ち向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "立ち向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"立ち向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "立ち向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"立ち向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "立ち向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"立ち向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "立ち向かう",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.