See 硬い on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "moroi",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “keeping a shape”",
"word": "もろい"
},
{
"roman": "yawarakai",
"ruby": [
[
"軟",
"やわ"
]
],
"sense": "antonym(s) of “keeping an appearance”",
"word": "軟らかい"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かたい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "硬い",
"ruby": [
[
"硬",
"かた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "硬く",
"roman": "kataku",
"ruby": [
[
"硬",
"かた"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "硬かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "硬く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "硬い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "硬い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "硬けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "硬かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "硬くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "硬かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "硬くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "硬いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かたいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "katai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "硬くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "硬かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "硬くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "硬くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "katakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "硬ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かたければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "katakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "硬かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "硬かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "katakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "硬く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "かたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "硬さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "かたさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "katasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かたい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "硬(かた)い • (katai) -i (adverbial 硬(かた)く (kataku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "かた",
"lemma": "硬",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "katai",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "固い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "katai",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "堅い"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The lab developed a harder material than a diamond by using C60 nano-rods.",
"roman": "Sono kenkyūjo wa shī-rokujū nano roddo o tsukatte daiyamondo yori katai zairyō o kaihatsu shita.",
"ruby": [
[
"研究所",
"けんきゅうじょ"
],
[
"C６０",
"シーろくじゅう"
],
[
"使",
"つか"
],
[
"硬",
"かた"
],
[
"材料",
"ざいりょう"
],
[
"開発",
"かいはつ"
]
],
"text": "その研究所はC６０ナノ・ロッドを使ってダイヤモンドより硬い材料を開発した。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Keeping a material's shape that does not crack or break apart; hard."
],
"id": "en-硬い-ja-adj-7sUl8baY",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Perhaps because he was nervous, he entered the courtroom with a serious expression.",
"roman": "Kinchō shite ita no darō ka, kare wa katai hyōjō o shite hōtei ni haitte kita.",
"ruby": [
[
"緊張",
"きんちょう"
],
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"硬",
"かた"
],
[
"表情",
"ひょうじょう"
],
[
"法廷",
"ほうてい"
],
[
"入",
"はい"
]
],
"text": "緊張していたのだろうか、彼は硬い表情をして法廷に入ってきた。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Keeping one's appearance or facial expression; serious."
],
"id": "en-硬い-ja-adj-r1Nf3RD2",
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かたい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ta̠i]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "硬い"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "moroi",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “keeping a shape”",
"word": "もろい"
},
{
"roman": "yawarakai",
"ruby": [
[
"軟",
"やわ"
]
],
"sense": "antonym(s) of “keeping an appearance”",
"word": "軟らかい"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かたい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "硬い",
"ruby": [
[
"硬",
"かた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "硬く",
"roman": "kataku",
"ruby": [
[
"硬",
"かた"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "硬かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "硬く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "硬い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "硬い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "硬けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "硬かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "硬くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "硬かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "硬くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "硬いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かたいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "katai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "硬くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "硬かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "硬くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "硬くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "katakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "硬ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かたければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "katakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "硬かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "硬かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "katakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "硬く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "かたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "硬さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "かたさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "katasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かたい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "硬(かた)い • (katai) -i (adverbial 硬(かた)く (kataku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "かた",
"lemma": "硬",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"roman": "katai",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "固い"
},
{
"roman": "katai",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "堅い"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The lab developed a harder material than a diamond by using C60 nano-rods.",
"roman": "Sono kenkyūjo wa shī-rokujū nano roddo o tsukatte daiyamondo yori katai zairyō o kaihatsu shita.",
"ruby": [
[
"研究所",
"けんきゅうじょ"
],
[
"C６０",
"シーろくじゅう"
],
[
"使",
"つか"
],
[
"硬",
"かた"
],
[
"材料",
"ざいりょう"
],
[
"開発",
"かいはつ"
]
],
"text": "その研究所はC６０ナノ・ロッドを使ってダイヤモンドより硬い材料を開発した。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Keeping a material's shape that does not crack or break apart; hard."
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Perhaps because he was nervous, he entered the courtroom with a serious expression.",
"roman": "Kinchō shite ita no darō ka, kare wa katai hyōjō o shite hōtei ni haitte kita.",
"ruby": [
[
"緊張",
"きんちょう"
],
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"硬",
"かた"
],
[
"表情",
"ひょうじょう"
],
[
"法廷",
"ほうてい"
],
[
"入",
"はい"
]
],
"text": "緊張していたのだろうか、彼は硬い表情をして法廷に入ってきた。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Keeping one's appearance or facial expression; serious."
],
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かたい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ta̠i]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "硬い"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 硬い meaning in All languages combined (8.4kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"硬い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "硬い",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.