"瞑目" meaning in All languages combined

See 瞑目 on Wiktionary

Verb [Chinese]

IPA: /miŋ³⁵ mu⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /mɪŋ²¹ mʊk̚²/ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Sinological-IPA], /mɪŋ¹³ mʊk̚²/ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Sinological-IPA], /miŋ³⁵ mu⁵¹/, /mɪŋ²¹ mʊk̚²/, /mɪŋ¹³ mʊk̚²/ Chinese transliterations: míngmù [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄨˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], ming⁴ muk⁶ [Cantonese, Jyutping], ming⁵ muk⁶ [Cantonese, Jyutping], míngmù [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄨˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], míngmù [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], ming²-mu⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], míng-mù [Mandarin, Yale, standard], mingmuh [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], минму [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], minmu [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], ming⁴ muk⁶ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Jyutping], ming⁵ muk⁶ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Jyutping], mìhng muhk [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Yale], míhng muhk [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Yale], ming⁴ muk⁹ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Pinyin], ming⁵ muk⁹ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Pinyin], ming⁴ mug⁶ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong], ming⁵ mug⁶ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong] Forms: 瞑⫽目 [canonical]
Head templates: {{zh-verb|type=vo}} 瞑⫽目 (verb-object), {{tlb|zh|intransitive}} (intransitive)
  1. to close one's eyes in death; to die content Tags: intransitive, verb-object Categories (topical): Death Synonyms: 合目 (hémù) [literary] Derived forms: 死不瞑目 (sǐbùmíngmù), 死亦瞑目 (sǐyìmíngmù)
    Sense id: en-瞑目-zh-verb-H7mSLszq Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 53 5 2 11 29 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 48 4 2 8 39

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [me̞ːmo̞kɯ̟] Forms: 瞑目 [canonical] (ruby: (めい), (もく)), meimoku [romanization]
Etymology: From Middle Chinese compound 瞑目 (meng? mjuwk, literally “closed eyes + eye”). A mixed reading, using the kan'on for 瞑 (mei) and the goon for 目 (moku), so the reading likely shifted after the initial borrowing. First cited to a work from 857. Etymology templates: {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=めいもく}} Middle Chinese Head templates: {{ja-noun|めいもく}} 瞑(めい)目(もく) • (meimoku)
  1. closing of the eyes
    Sense id: en-瞑目-ja-noun-Igh5D6HM
  2. a peaceful death Categories (topical): Death Synonyms: 永眠, 自然死
    Sense id: en-瞑目-ja-noun-nqOVnimq Disambiguation of Death: 4 96 0 1

Verb [Japanese]

IPA: [me̞ːmo̞kɯ̟]
Etymology: From Middle Chinese compound 瞑目 (meng? mjuwk, literally “closed eyes + eye”). A mixed reading, using the kan'on for 瞑 (mei) and the goon for 目 (moku), so the reading likely shifted after the initial borrowing. First cited to a work from 857. Etymology templates: {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=めいもく}} Middle Chinese Forms: 瞑目する [canonical] (ruby: (めい), (もく)), meimoku suru [romanization], 瞑目し [stem] (ruby: (めい), (もく)), 瞑目した [past] (ruby: (めい), (もく)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 瞑目し [error-unrecognized-form], めいもくし [error-unrecognized-form], meimoku shi [error-unrecognized-form], 瞑目する [error-unrecognized-form], めいもくする [error-unrecognized-form], meimoku suru [error-unrecognized-form], 瞑目すれ [error-unrecognized-form], めいもくすれ [error-unrecognized-form], meimoku sure [error-unrecognized-form], 瞑目せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 瞑目しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], めいもくせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], めいもくしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], meimoku seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], meimoku shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 瞑目される [passive], めいもくされる [passive], meimoku sareru [passive], 瞑目させる [causative], 瞑目さす [causative], めいもくさせる [causative], めいもくさす [causative], meimoku saseru [causative], meimoku sasu [causative], 瞑目できる [potential], めいもくできる [potential], meimoku dekiru [potential], 瞑目しよう [volitional], めいもくしよう [volitional], meimoku shiyō [volitional], 瞑目しない [negative], めいもくしない [negative], meimoku shinai [negative], 瞑目せず [continuative, negative], めいもくせず [continuative, negative], meimoku sezu [continuative, negative], 瞑目します [formal], めいもくします [formal], meimoku shimasu [formal], 瞑目した [perfective], めいもくした [perfective], meimoku shita [perfective], 瞑目して [conjunctive], めいもくして [conjunctive], meimoku shite [conjunctive], 瞑目すれば [conditional, hypothetical], めいもくすれば [conditional, hypothetical], meimoku sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. to close one's eyes Synonyms: 瞑る, 瞑る
    Sense id: en-瞑目-ja-verb-om3JmRhz Categories (other): Japanese terms with 2 kanji Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 19 7 42 32
  2. to die peacefully Synonyms (to die peacefully): 死に切る (shinikiru) (ruby: (), ())
    Sense id: en-瞑目-ja-verb-gvNB92A4 Categories (other): Pages with entries, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 48 4 2 8 39 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 8 4 13 75 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 9 4 14 72 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 9 4 14 73 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 9 4 12 75 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 9 4 13 74 Disambiguation of 'to die peacefully': 0 100
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "瞑⫽目",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "type": "vo"
      },
      "expansion": "瞑⫽目 (verb-object)",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "intransitive"
      },
      "expansion": "(intransitive)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Death",
          "orig": "zh:Death",
          "parents": [
            "Body",
            "Life",
            "All topics",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 5 2 11 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 4 2 8 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "sǐbùmíngmù",
          "word": "死不瞑目"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sǐyìmíngmù",
          "word": "死亦瞑目"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to close one's eyes in death; to die content"
      ],
      "id": "en-瞑目-zh-verb-H7mSLszq",
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ],
        [
          "one",
          "one"
        ],
        [
          "eyes",
          "eyes"
        ],
        [
          "death",
          "death"
        ],
        [
          "die",
          "die"
        ],
        [
          "content",
          "content"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "hémù",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "合目"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "verb-object"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "míngmù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄨˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁴ muk⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁵ muk⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "míngmù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄨˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "míngmù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming²-mu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "míng-mù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mingmuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "минму"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "minmu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/miŋ³⁵ mu⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁴ muk⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁵ muk⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mìhng muhk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "míhng muhk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁴ muk⁹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁵ muk⁹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁴ mug⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁵ mug⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɪŋ²¹ mʊk̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɪŋ¹³ mʊk̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/miŋ³⁵ mu⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɪŋ²¹ mʊk̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɪŋ¹³ mʊk̚²/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "瞑目"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "めいもく"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 瞑目 (meng? mjuwk, literally “closed eyes + eye”).\nA mixed reading, using the kan'on for 瞑 (mei) and the goon for 目 (moku), so the reading likely shifted after the initial borrowing.\nFirst cited to a work from 857.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "瞑目",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "瞑",
          "めい"
        ],
        [
          "目",
          "もく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "めいもく"
      },
      "expansion": "瞑(めい)目(もく) • (meimoku)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "closing of the eyes"
      ],
      "id": "en-瞑目-ja-noun-Igh5D6HM",
      "links": [
        [
          "closing",
          "closing"
        ],
        [
          "eye",
          "eye"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "横死"
        },
        {
          "word": "変死"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 96 0 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Death",
          "orig": "ja:Death",
          "parents": [
            "Body",
            "Life",
            "All topics",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a peaceful death"
      ],
      "id": "en-瞑目-ja-noun-nqOVnimq",
      "links": [
        [
          "peaceful",
          "peaceful"
        ],
        [
          "death",
          "death"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "永眠"
        },
        {
          "word": "自然死"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "めーもく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[me̞ːmo̞kɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
  ],
  "word": "瞑目"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "めいもく"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 瞑目 (meng? mjuwk, literally “closed eyes + eye”).\nA mixed reading, using the kan'on for 瞑 (mei) and the goon for 目 (moku), so the reading likely shifted after the initial borrowing.\nFirst cited to a work from 857.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "瞑目する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "瞑",
          "めい"
        ],
        [
          "目",
          "もく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目し",
      "roman": "meimoku shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "瞑",
          "めい"
        ],
        [
          "目",
          "もく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目した",
      "roman": "meimoku shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "瞑",
          "めい"
        ],
        [
          "目",
          "もく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 7 42 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to close one's eyes"
      ],
      "id": "en-瞑目-ja-verb-om3JmRhz",
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ],
        [
          "eyes",
          "eyes"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "瞑る"
        },
        {
          "word": "瞑る"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "48 4 2 8 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 4 13 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 4 14 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 4 14 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 4 12 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 4 13 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Even if I die, I cannot die peacefully.",
          "roman": "Ware shisu tomo meimoku sezu.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "我",
              "われ"
            ],
            [
              "死",
              "し"
            ],
            [
              "瞑目",
              "めいもく"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "我死すとも瞑目せず。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to die peacefully"
      ],
      "id": "en-瞑目-ja-verb-gvNB92A4",
      "links": [
        [
          "die",
          "die"
        ],
        [
          "peacefully",
          "peacefully"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "roman": "shinikiru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "死",
              "し"
            ],
            [
              "切",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "sense": "to die peacefully",
          "word": "死に切る"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "めーもく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[me̞ːmo̞kɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
  ],
  "word": "瞑目"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Death"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "sǐbùmíngmù",
      "word": "死不瞑目"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sǐyìmíngmù",
      "word": "死亦瞑目"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "瞑⫽目",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "type": "vo"
      },
      "expansion": "瞑⫽目 (verb-object)",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "intransitive"
      },
      "expansion": "(intransitive)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese terms with homophones",
        "Cantonese verbs",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese intransitive verbs",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese terms spelled with 目",
        "Chinese terms spelled with 瞑",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Chinese verbs",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin terms with homophones",
        "Mandarin verbs",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "zh:Death"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to close one's eyes in death; to die content"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ],
        [
          "one",
          "one"
        ],
        [
          "eyes",
          "eyes"
        ],
        [
          "death",
          "death"
        ],
        [
          "die",
          "die"
        ],
        [
          "content",
          "content"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "verb-object"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "míngmù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄨˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁴ muk⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁵ muk⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "míngmù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄨˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "míngmù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming²-mu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "míng-mù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mingmuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "минму"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "minmu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/miŋ³⁵ mu⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁴ muk⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁵ muk⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mìhng muhk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "míhng muhk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁴ muk⁹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁵ muk⁹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁴ mug⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ming⁵ mug⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɪŋ²¹ mʊk̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɪŋ¹³ mʊk̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/miŋ³⁵ mu⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɪŋ²¹ mʊk̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɪŋ¹³ mʊk̚²/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "hémù",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "合目"
    }
  ],
  "word": "瞑目"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese intransitive verbs",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Death"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "めいもく"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 瞑目 (meng? mjuwk, literally “closed eyes + eye”).\nA mixed reading, using the kan'on for 瞑 (mei) and the goon for 目 (moku), so the reading likely shifted after the initial borrowing.\nFirst cited to a work from 857.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "瞑目",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "瞑",
          "めい"
        ],
        [
          "目",
          "もく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "めいもく"
      },
      "expansion": "瞑(めい)目(もく) • (meimoku)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "closing of the eyes"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "closing",
          "closing"
        ],
        [
          "eye",
          "eye"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "横死"
        },
        {
          "word": "変死"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a peaceful death"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "peaceful",
          "peaceful"
        ],
        [
          "death",
          "death"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "永眠"
        },
        {
          "word": "自然死"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "めーもく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[me̞ːmo̞kɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
  ],
  "word": "瞑目"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese intransitive verbs",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Death"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "めいもく"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 瞑目 (meng? mjuwk, literally “closed eyes + eye”).\nA mixed reading, using the kan'on for 瞑 (mei) and the goon for 目 (moku), so the reading likely shifted after the initial borrowing.\nFirst cited to a work from 857.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "瞑目する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "瞑",
          "めい"
        ],
        [
          "目",
          "もく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目し",
      "roman": "meimoku shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "瞑",
          "めい"
        ],
        [
          "目",
          "もく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目した",
      "roman": "meimoku shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "瞑",
          "めい"
        ],
        [
          "目",
          "もく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "瞑目すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "めいもくすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meimoku sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to close one's eyes"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ],
        [
          "eyes",
          "eyes"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "瞑る"
        },
        {
          "word": "瞑る"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Even if I die, I cannot die peacefully.",
          "roman": "Ware shisu tomo meimoku sezu.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "我",
              "われ"
            ],
            [
              "死",
              "し"
            ],
            [
              "瞑目",
              "めいもく"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "我死すとも瞑目せず。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to die peacefully"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "die",
          "die"
        ],
        [
          "peacefully",
          "peacefully"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "めーもく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[me̞ːmo̞kɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "shinikiru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "死",
          "し"
        ],
        [
          "切",
          "き"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "to die peacefully",
      "word": "死に切る"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
  ],
  "word": "瞑目"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 瞑目 meaning in All languages combined (11.5kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "瞑目"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "瞑目",
  "trace": "started on line 18, detected on line 18"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
  "path": [
    "瞑目"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "瞑目",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "瞑目"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "瞑目",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "瞑目"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "瞑目",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "瞑目"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "瞑目",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "瞑目"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "瞑目",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "瞑目"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "瞑目",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "瞑目"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "瞑目",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "瞑目"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "瞑目",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.