See 獨自 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "独自",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "獨自",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 10th century CE, Li Yu, 浪淘沙令·簾外雨潺潺",
"roman": "Dúzì mò píng lán, wúxiàn jiāngshān.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "獨自莫憑欄，無限江山。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 10th century CE, Li Yu, 浪淘沙令·簾外雨潺潺",
"roman": "Dúzì mò píng lán, wúxiàn jiāngshān.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "独自莫凭栏，无限江山。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alone; by oneself; solitary"
],
"id": "en-獨自-zh-adv-528NtCzM",
"links": [
[
"alone",
"alone"
],
[
"by oneself",
"by oneself"
],
[
"solitary",
"solitary"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yīgèrén",
"word": "一個人"
},
{
"roman": "yīgèrén",
"word": "一个人"
},
{
"roman": "Shanghainese",
"word": "一家頭"
},
{
"roman": "Shanghainese",
"word": "一家头 (7iq-ka-deu)"
},
{
"word": "一手"
},
{
"roman": "dāngè",
"word": "單個"
},
{
"roman": "dāngè",
"word": "单个"
},
{
"roman": "dāndú",
"word": "單獨"
},
{
"roman": "dāndú",
"word": "单独"
},
{
"roman": "dúgè",
"word": "獨個"
},
{
"roman": "dúgè",
"word": "独个"
},
{
"roman": "kōngshēn",
"word": "空身"
},
{
"roman": "zhīshēn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "隻身"
},
{
"roman": "zhīshēn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "只身"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dúzì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨˊ ㄗˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "duk⁶ zi⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "dorh⁷ zo⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "to̍k-chīr"
},
{
"zh-pron": "to̍k-chū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dúzì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨˊ ㄗˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dúzìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tu²-tzŭ⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dú-dz̀"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dwutzyh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "дуцзы"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "duczy"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "duhk jih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duk⁹ dzi⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dug⁶ ji⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊk̚² t͡siː²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "dorh⁷ zo⁵ [Phonetic:dorh⁴ zo⁵]"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hinghwa-Romanized",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "do̤̍h-ceō"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɒʔ⁴⁻⁴² t͡so¹¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "dorh⁷ zo⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɒʔ⁴ t͡so²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "to̍k-chīr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "to̍k-tsīr"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɯ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "to̍k-chū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "to̍k-tsū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dogzu"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡su³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡su²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡su²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tu³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊk̚² t͡siː²²/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: dorh⁴ zo⁵]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɒʔ⁴⁻⁴² t͡so¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɒʔ⁴ t͡so²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɯ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡su³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡su²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡su²²/"
}
],
"word": "獨自"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"独自"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-獨自-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "獨自"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "独自",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "獨自",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese adverbs",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Chinese adverbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Chinese terms spelled with 獨",
"Chinese terms spelled with 自",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hokkien adverbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Intermediate Mandarin",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin adverbs",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Puxian Min adverbs",
"Puxian Min lemmas",
"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 10th century CE, Li Yu, 浪淘沙令·簾外雨潺潺",
"roman": "Dúzì mò píng lán, wúxiàn jiāngshān.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "獨自莫憑欄，無限江山。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 10th century CE, Li Yu, 浪淘沙令·簾外雨潺潺",
"roman": "Dúzì mò píng lán, wúxiàn jiāngshān.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "独自莫凭栏，无限江山。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alone; by oneself; solitary"
],
"links": [
[
"alone",
"alone"
],
[
"by oneself",
"by oneself"
],
[
"solitary",
"solitary"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dúzì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨˊ ㄗˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "duk⁶ zi⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "dorh⁷ zo⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "to̍k-chīr"
},
{
"zh-pron": "to̍k-chū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dúzì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨˊ ㄗˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dúzìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tu²-tzŭ⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dú-dz̀"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dwutzyh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "дуцзы"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "duczy"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "duhk jih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duk⁹ dzi⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dug⁶ ji⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊk̚² t͡siː²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "dorh⁷ zo⁵ [Phonetic:dorh⁴ zo⁵]"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hinghwa-Romanized",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "do̤̍h-ceō"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɒʔ⁴⁻⁴² t͡so¹¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "dorh⁷ zo⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɒʔ⁴ t͡so²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "to̍k-chīr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "to̍k-tsīr"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɯ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "to̍k-chū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "to̍k-tsū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dogzu"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡su³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡su²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡su²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tu³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊk̚² t͡siː²²/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: dorh⁴ zo⁵]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɒʔ⁴⁻⁴² t͡so¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɒʔ⁴ t͡so²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɯ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡su³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡su²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡su²²/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yīgèrén",
"word": "一個人"
},
{
"roman": "yīgèrén",
"word": "一个人"
},
{
"roman": "Shanghainese",
"word": "一家頭"
},
{
"roman": "Shanghainese",
"word": "一家头 (7iq-ka-deu)"
},
{
"word": "一手"
},
{
"roman": "dāngè",
"word": "單個"
},
{
"roman": "dāngè",
"word": "单个"
},
{
"roman": "dāndú",
"word": "單獨"
},
{
"roman": "dāndú",
"word": "单独"
},
{
"roman": "dúgè",
"word": "獨個"
},
{
"roman": "dúgè",
"word": "独个"
},
{
"roman": "kōngshēn",
"word": "空身"
},
{
"roman": "zhīshēn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "隻身"
},
{
"roman": "zhīshēn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "只身"
}
],
"word": "獨自"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"独自"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "獨自"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 獨自 meaning in All languages combined (5.2kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"獨自"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "獨自",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"獨自"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "獨自",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E5%96%AE%E7%8D%A8'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"獨自"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "獨自",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.