See 獨立自主 on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "Popularized by Mao Zedong during the founding of the People's Republic of China, however usage may be attested before then.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "独立自主",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "idiom"
},
"expansion": "獨立自主",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "phrase",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zhōngjiān dìdài",
"word": "中間地帶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zhōngjiān dìdài",
"word": "中间地带"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yītiáoxiàn",
"word": "一條線"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yītiáoxiàn",
"word": "一条线"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese chengyu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "zh:Politics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be independent and one's own master"
],
"id": "en-獨立自主-zh-phrase-fYe3PFMV",
"links": [
[
"independent",
"independent"
],
[
"master",
"master"
]
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "zh:Politics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to pursue a foreign policy of peaceful development, autonomy and self-reliance"
],
"id": "en-獨立自主-zh-phrase-HYmoq70H",
"links": [
[
"pursue",
"pursue"
],
[
"foreign policy",
"foreign policy"
],
[
"peaceful",
"peaceful"
],
[
"development",
"development"
],
[
"autonomy",
"autonomy"
],
[
"self-reliance",
"self-reliance"
]
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dúlìzìzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄗˋ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "duk⁶ laap⁶ zi⁶ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "duk⁶ lap⁶ zi⁶ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dúlìzìzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄗˋ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dúlìzìhjhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tu²-li⁴-tzŭ⁴-chu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dú-lì-dz̀-jǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dwulihtzyhjuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "дулицзычжу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "duliczyčžu"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "duhk laahp jih jyú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "duhk lahp jih jyú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duk⁹ laap⁹ dzi⁶ dzy²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duk⁹ lap⁹ dzi⁶ dzy²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dug⁶ lab⁶ ji⁶ ju²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dug⁶ leb⁶ ji⁶ ju²"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊk̚² laːp̚² t͡siː²² t͡syː³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊk̚² lɐp̚² t͡siː²² t͡syː³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tu³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊk̚² laːp̚² t͡siː²² t͡syː³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊk̚² lɐp̚² t͡siː²² t͡syː³⁵/"
}
],
"word": "獨立自主"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese chengyu",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese idioms",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 主",
"Chinese terms spelled with 獨",
"Chinese terms spelled with 立",
"Chinese terms spelled with 自",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Politics"
],
"etymology_text": "Popularized by Mao Zedong during the founding of the People's Republic of China, however usage may be attested before then.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "独立自主",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "idiom"
},
"expansion": "獨立自主",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "phrase",
"related": [
{
"roman": "zhōngjiān dìdài",
"word": "中間地帶"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngjiān dìdài",
"word": "中间地带"
},
{
"roman": "yītiáoxiàn",
"word": "一條線"
},
{
"roman": "yītiáoxiàn",
"word": "一条线"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to be independent and one's own master"
],
"links": [
[
"independent",
"independent"
],
[
"master",
"master"
]
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to pursue a foreign policy of peaceful development, autonomy and self-reliance"
],
"links": [
[
"pursue",
"pursue"
],
[
"foreign policy",
"foreign policy"
],
[
"peaceful",
"peaceful"
],
[
"development",
"development"
],
[
"autonomy",
"autonomy"
],
[
"self-reliance",
"self-reliance"
]
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dúlìzìzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄗˋ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "duk⁶ laap⁶ zi⁶ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "duk⁶ lap⁶ zi⁶ zyu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dúlìzìzhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄗˋ ㄓㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dúlìzìhjhǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tu²-li⁴-tzŭ⁴-chu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dú-lì-dz̀-jǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dwulihtzyhjuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "дулицзычжу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "duliczyčžu"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "duhk laahp jih jyú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "duhk lahp jih jyú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duk⁹ laap⁹ dzi⁶ dzy²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duk⁹ lap⁹ dzi⁶ dzy²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dug⁶ lab⁶ ji⁶ ju²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dug⁶ leb⁶ ji⁶ ju²"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊk̚² laːp̚² t͡siː²² t͡syː³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊk̚² lɐp̚² t͡siː²² t͡syː³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tu³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊk̚² laːp̚² t͡siː²² t͡syː³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊk̚² lɐp̚² t͡siː²² t͡syː³⁵/"
}
],
"word": "獨立自主"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 獨立自主 meaning in All languages combined (3.3kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"獨立自主"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "獨立自主",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (8b3c49c and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.