See 独断 on Wiktionary
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"獨斷"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-独断-zh-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "独断"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "独断",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"断",
"だん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだん",
"roman": "dokudan",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どくだん",
"hhira": "どくだん"
},
"expansion": "独(どく)断(だん) • (dokudan) ^(←どくだん (dokudan)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"determining by oneself"
],
"id": "en-独断-ja-noun-BAj8sWvZ",
"links": [
[
"determining",
"determining"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どくだん"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞kɯ̟dã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "独断"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "独断する",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"断",
"だん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "独断し",
"roman": "dokudan shi",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"断",
"だん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "独断した",
"roman": "dokudan shita",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"断",
"だん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "独断し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独断する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独断すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独断せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "独断しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "独断される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "独断させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "独断さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "独断できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "独断しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "独断しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "独断せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "独断します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "独断した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "独断して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "独断すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どくだん",
"hhira": "どくだん"
},
"expansion": "独(どく)断(だん)する • (dokudan suru) ^(←どくだん (dokudan)?)suru (stem 独(どく)断(だん)し (dokudan shi), past 独(どく)断(だん)した (dokudan shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to determine by oneself"
],
"id": "en-独断-ja-verb-970hnBtD",
"links": [
[
"determine",
"determine"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どくだん"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞kɯ̟dã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "独断"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"獨斷"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "独断"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "独断",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"断",
"だん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだん",
"roman": "dokudan",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どくだん",
"hhira": "どくだん"
},
"expansion": "独(どく)断(だん) • (dokudan) ^(←どくだん (dokudan)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"determining by oneself"
],
"links": [
[
"determining",
"determining"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どくだん"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞kɯ̟dã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "独断"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "独断する",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"断",
"だん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "独断し",
"roman": "dokudan shi",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"断",
"だん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "独断した",
"roman": "dokudan shita",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"断",
"だん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "独断し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独断する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独断すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独断せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "独断しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "独断される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "独断させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "独断さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "独断できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "独断しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "独断しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "独断せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "独断します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "独断した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "独断して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "独断すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "どくだんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokudan sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どくだん",
"hhira": "どくだん"
},
"expansion": "独(どく)断(だん)する • (dokudan suru) ^(←どくだん (dokudan)?)suru (stem 独(どく)断(だん)し (dokudan shi), past 独(どく)断(だん)した (dokudan shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to determine by oneself"
],
"links": [
[
"determine",
"determine"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どくだん"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞kɯ̟dã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "独断"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 独断 meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"独断"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "独断",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"独断"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "独断",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"独断"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独断",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"独断"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独断",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"独断"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独断",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"独断"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独断",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"独断"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独断",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"独断"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独断",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"独断"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独断",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.