See 愛しい on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "愛おしい",
"2": "いと.おし.い"
},
"expansion": "愛(いと)おしい (itooshii)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/itoːɕiː/ → /itoɕiː/\nSound shift from 愛(いと)おしい (itooshii), in turn derived from verb 厭う (itou, “to detest, to loathe, to hate”), from an underlying idea of causing mental anguish. The sense developed from the way that missing someone or something can cause mental anguish, giving rise to the modern meaning of dear.\nFirst attested in a text from 1518.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "愛しい",
"ruby": [
[
"愛",
"いと"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshii",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しく",
"roman": "itoshiku",
"ruby": [
[
"愛",
"いと"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshiku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshiku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshii desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshiku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshiku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshisa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いとしい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "愛(いと)しい • (itoshii) -i (adverbial 愛(いと)しく (itoshiku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "いとし",
"lemma": "愛し",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "憎い"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dear, loveful, precious"
],
"id": "en-愛しい-ja-adj-bpTIKUBr",
"links": [
[
"dear",
"dear"
],
[
"loveful",
"loveful"
],
[
"precious",
"precious"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "かわいい"
},
{
"word": "慕わしい"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pitiable, regrettable"
],
"id": "en-愛しい-ja-adj-5-BPoi~m",
"links": [
[
"pitiable",
"pitiable"
],
[
"regrettable",
"regrettable"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "かわいそう"
},
{
"word": "労しい"
},
{
"word": "不憫"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いとしい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ito̞ɕii]"
}
],
"word": "愛しい"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"悲しい",
"美しい"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-愛しい-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "愛しい"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "愛おしい",
"2": "いと.おし.い"
},
"expansion": "愛(いと)おしい (itooshii)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/itoːɕiː/ → /itoɕiː/\nSound shift from 愛(いと)おしい (itooshii), in turn derived from verb 厭う (itou, “to detest, to loathe, to hate”), from an underlying idea of causing mental anguish. The sense developed from the way that missing someone or something can cause mental anguish, giving rise to the modern meaning of dear.\nFirst attested in a text from 1518.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "愛しい",
"ruby": [
[
"愛",
"いと"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshii",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しく",
"roman": "itoshiku",
"ruby": [
[
"愛",
"いと"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshiku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshiku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshii desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshiku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshiku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshikarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "愛しさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "いとしさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "itoshisa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いとしい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "愛(いと)しい • (itoshii) -i (adverbial 愛(いと)しく (itoshiku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "いとし",
"lemma": "愛し",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "憎い"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dear, loveful, precious"
],
"links": [
[
"dear",
"dear"
],
[
"loveful",
"loveful"
],
[
"precious",
"precious"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "かわいい"
},
{
"word": "慕わしい"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pitiable, regrettable"
],
"links": [
[
"pitiable",
"pitiable"
],
[
"regrettable",
"regrettable"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "かわいそう"
},
{
"word": "労しい"
},
{
"word": "不憫"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いとしい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ito̞ɕii]"
}
],
"word": "愛しい"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"悲しい",
"美しい"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "愛しい"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 愛しい meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"愛しい"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "愛しい",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.