See 導論 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "导论",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "導論",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Introduction to Quantum Mechanics",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "liàngzǐlìxué dǎolùn",
"text": "量子力學導論",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Introduction to Quantum Mechanics",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "liàngzǐlìxué dǎolùn",
"text": "量子力学导论",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduction (to a topic, thesis, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-導論-zh-noun-o~YU2Mc1",
"links": [
[
"introduction",
"introduction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yǐnlùn",
"word": "引論／引论"
},
{
"roman": "yǐnlùn",
"word": "引論"
},
{
"roman": "yǐnlùn",
"word": "引论"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dǎolùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄠˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "dou⁶ leon⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tho-lun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "dǎolùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dǎolùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tao³-lun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dǎu-lwùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "daoluenn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "даолунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "daolunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "douh lèuhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dou⁶ loen⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dou⁶ lên⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tou̯²² lɵn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "tho-lun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "to lun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "to⁴ lun⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰo⁵⁵ lun⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tou̯²² lɵn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰo⁵⁵ lun⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "導論"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "导论",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "導論",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 導",
"Chinese terms spelled with 論",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Introduction to Quantum Mechanics",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "liàngzǐlìxué dǎolùn",
"text": "量子力學導論",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Introduction to Quantum Mechanics",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "liàngzǐlìxué dǎolùn",
"text": "量子力学导论",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduction (to a topic, thesis, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"introduction",
"introduction"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dǎolùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄠˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "dou⁶ leon⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tho-lun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "dǎolùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dǎolùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tao³-lun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dǎu-lwùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "daoluenn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "даолунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "daolunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "douh lèuhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dou⁶ loen⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dou⁶ lên⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tou̯²² lɵn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "tho-lun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "to lun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "to⁴ lun⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰo⁵⁵ lun⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tou̯²² lɵn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰo⁵⁵ lun⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yǐnlùn",
"word": "引論／引论"
},
{
"roman": "yǐnlùn",
"word": "引論"
},
{
"roman": "yǐnlùn",
"word": "引论"
}
],
"word": "導論"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 導論 meaning in All languages combined (2.7kB)
{
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"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)'",
"path": [
"導論"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "導論",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"導論"
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"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "導論",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"導論"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "導論",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.