"凄まじい" meaning in All languages combined

See 凄まじい on Wiktionary

Adjective [Japanese]

IPA: [sɨᵝsa̠ma̠ʑiː]
Etymology: From Old Japanese. First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720. Derived from verb 荒む (susamu, “to grow wild, to fall into ruin, to go to waste; to lose force and cease (such as wind or rain); to become absorbed in doing something; to grow old and weak”), possibly from the causative form 荒ます (susamasu). May be cognate with the susa element in the name of the Shinto god, Susanoo-no-Mikoto. The term initially evoked senses of desolate, depressing in reference to people or emotions, and desolate, wild, chilly in reference to natural phenomena. Usage then shifted to a focus on frightful, terrible, extreme during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods (1100s–1500s). The adjective appears initially without voicing on the last element, as susamashi in the terminal form. The voicing appears from roughly the Kamakura period (late 1100s–early 1300s), with both unvoiced susamashi and voiced susamaji appearing in free variation until the late 1500s. Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-}} Old Japanese, {{m|ja|荒む||to grow wild, to fall into ruin, to go to waste; to lose force and cease (such as wind or rain); to become absorbed in doing something; to grow old and weak|tr=susamu}} 荒む (susamu, “to grow wild, to fall into ruin, to go to waste; to lose force and cease (such as wind or rain); to become absorbed in doing something; to grow old and weak”), {{m|ja|荒ます|tr=susamasu}} 荒ます (susamasu), {{m|en|desolate, depressing}} desolate, depressing, {{m|en|desolate, wild, chilly}} desolate, wild, chilly, {{m|en|frightful, terrible, extreme}} frightful, terrible, extreme Head templates: {{ja-adj|すさまじい|infl=い}} 凄(すさ)まじい • (susamajii) -i (adverbial 凄(すさ)まじく (susamajiku)) Inflection templates: {{ja-adj-infl|adverbial=く|attributive=い|conditional=ければ|conjunctive=くて|continuative=く|degree=さ|formal=い です|formal_negative=く ない です|formal_negative_past=く なかった です|formal_past=かった です|hypothetical=けれ|imperative=かれ|imperfective=かろ|informal_negative=く ない|informal_negative_past=く なかった|informal_past=かった|kana=すさまじ|lemma=凄まじ|provisional=かったら|terminal=い|volitional=かろう}}, {{ja-conj-bungo|すさま|adj-shiku-z}} Forms: 凄まじい [canonical] (ruby: (すさ)), susamajii [romanization], 凄まじく [adverbial] (ruby: (すさ)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 凄まじかろ [imperfective, stem], すさまじかろ [imperfective, stem], susamajikaro [imperfective], 凄まじく [continuative, stem], すさまじく [continuative, stem], susamajiku [continuative], 凄まじい [stem, terminative], すさまじい [stem, terminative], susamajii [terminative], 凄まじい [attributive, stem], すさまじい [attributive, stem], susamajii [attributive], 凄まじけれ [hypothetical, stem], すさまじけれ [hypothetical, stem], susamajikere [hypothetical], 凄まじかれ [imperative, stem], すさまじかれ [imperative, stem], susamajikare [imperative], 凄まじくない [informal, negative], すさまじくない [informal, negative], susamajiku nai [informal, negative], 凄まじかった [informal, past], すさまじかった [informal, past], susamajikatta [informal, past], 凄まじくなかった [informal, negative, past], すさまじくなかった [informal, negative, past], susamajiku nakatta [informal, negative, past], 凄まじいです [formal], すさまじいです [formal], susamajii desu [formal], 凄まじくないです [formal, negative], すさまじくないです [formal, negative], susamajiku nai desu [formal, negative], 凄まじかったです [formal, past], すさまじかったです [formal, past], susamajikatta desu [formal, past], 凄まじくなかったです [formal, negative, past], すさまじくなかったです [formal, negative, past], susamajiku nakatta desu [formal, negative, past], 凄まじくて [conjunctive], すさまじくて [conjunctive], susamajikute [conjunctive], 凄まじければ [conditional], すさまじければ [conditional], susamajikereba [conditional], 凄まじかったら [conditional, past], すさまじかったら [conditional, past], susamajikattara [conditional, past], 凄まじかろう [volitional], すさまじかろう [volitional], susamajikarō [volitional], 凄まじく [adverbial], すさまじく [adverbial], susamajiku [adverbial], 凄まじさ [noun-from-adj], すさまじさ [noun-from-adj], susamajisa [noun-from-adj], no-table-tags [table-tags], 凄まじく [irrealis, stem], 凄まじから [irrealis, stem], すさまじく [irrealis, stem], すさまじから [irrealis, stem], susamaziku [irrealis], susamazikara [irrealis], 凄まじく [continuative, stem], 凄まじかり [continuative, stem], すさまじく [continuative, stem], すさまじかり [continuative, stem], susamaziku [continuative], susamazikari [continuative], 凄まじ [stem, terminative], すさまじ [stem, terminative], susamazi [terminative], 凄まじき [attributive, stem], 凄まじかる [attributive, stem], すさまじき [attributive, stem], すさまじかる [attributive, stem], susamaziki [attributive], susamazikaru [attributive], 凄まじけれ [realis, stem], すさまじけれ [realis, stem], susamazikere [realis], 凄まじかれ [imperative, stem], すさまじかれ [imperative, stem], susamazikare [imperative], 凄まじからず [negative], すさまじからず [negative], susamazikarazu [negative], 凄まじけれど [contrastive], すさまじけれど [contrastive], susamazikeredo [contrastive], 凄まじければ [causative], すさまじければ [causative], susamazikereba [causative], 凄まじくば [conditional], すさまじくば [conditional], susamazikuba [conditional], 凄まじかりき [past], すさまじかりき [past], susamazikariki [past], 凄まじかりけり [past], すさまじかりけり [past], susamazikarikeri [past], 凄まじく [adverbial], すさまじく [adverbial], susamaziku [adverbial]
  1. dreadful, threatening
    Sense id: en-凄まじい-ja-adj-HyJdLzU4 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 84 16 Disambiguation of Japanese links with manual fragments: 90 10 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 91 9 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 85 15 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 91 9
  2. fierce, extreme, tremendous
    Sense id: en-凄まじい-ja-adj-sSnh4shm

Download JSON data for 凄まじい meaning in All languages combined (13.3kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "荒む",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to grow wild, to fall into ruin, to go to waste; to lose force and cease (such as wind or rain); to become absorbed in doing something; to grow old and weak",
        "tr": "susamu"
      },
      "expansion": "荒む (susamu, “to grow wild, to fall into ruin, to go to waste; to lose force and cease (such as wind or rain); to become absorbed in doing something; to grow old and weak”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "荒ます",
        "tr": "susamasu"
      },
      "expansion": "荒ます (susamasu)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "desolate, depressing"
      },
      "expansion": "desolate, depressing",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "desolate, wild, chilly"
      },
      "expansion": "desolate, wild, chilly",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frightful, terrible, extreme"
      },
      "expansion": "frightful, terrible, extreme",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720.\nDerived from verb 荒む (susamu, “to grow wild, to fall into ruin, to go to waste; to lose force and cease (such as wind or rain); to become absorbed in doing something; to grow old and weak”), possibly from the causative form 荒ます (susamasu). May be cognate with the susa element in the name of the Shinto god, Susanoo-no-Mikoto.\nThe term initially evoked senses of desolate, depressing in reference to people or emotions, and desolate, wild, chilly in reference to natural phenomena. Usage then shifted to a focus on frightful, terrible, extreme during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods (1100s–1500s).\nThe adjective appears initially without voicing on the last element, as susamashi in the terminal form. The voicing appears from roughly the Kamakura period (late 1100s–early 1300s), with both unvoiced susamashi and voiced susamaji appearing in free variation until the late 1500s.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "凄まじい",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "凄",
          "すさ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajii",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじく",
      "roman": "susamajiku",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "凄",
          "すさ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかろ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかろ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikaro",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajiku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajii",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajii",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじけれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじけれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikare",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじくない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじくない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajiku nai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじくなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじくなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajiku nakatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじいです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじいです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajii desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじくないです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじくないです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajiku nai desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikatta desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじくなかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじくなかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajiku nakatta desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじくて",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじくて",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikute",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじければ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじければ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikereba",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかったら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかったら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikattara",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかろう",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかろう",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikarō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajiku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじさ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじさ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajisa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじから",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじから",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamaziku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikara",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかり",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかり",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamaziku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikari",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじき",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかる",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじき",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかる",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamaziki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikaru",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじけれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじけれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "realis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikare",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじからず",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじからず",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikarazu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじけれど",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじけれど",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikeredo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじければ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじければ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikereba",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじくば",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじくば",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikuba",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかりき",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかりき",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikariki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかりけり",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかりけり",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikarikeri",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamaziku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "すさまじい",
        "infl": "い"
      },
      "expansion": "凄(すさ)まじい • (susamajii) -i (adverbial 凄(すさ)まじく (susamajiku))",
      "name": "ja-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "adverbial": "く",
        "attributive": "い",
        "conditional": "ければ",
        "conjunctive": "くて",
        "continuative": "く",
        "degree": "さ",
        "formal": "い です",
        "formal_negative": "く ない です",
        "formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
        "formal_past": "かった です",
        "hypothetical": "けれ",
        "imperative": "かれ",
        "imperfective": "かろ",
        "informal_negative": "く ない",
        "informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
        "informal_past": "かった",
        "kana": "すさまじ",
        "lemma": "凄まじ",
        "provisional": "かったら",
        "terminal": "い",
        "volitional": "かろう"
      },
      "name": "ja-adj-infl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "すさま",
        "2": "adj-shiku-z"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "84 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dreadful, threatening"
      ],
      "id": "en-凄まじい-ja-adj-HyJdLzU4",
      "links": [
        [
          "dreadful",
          "dreadful"
        ],
        [
          "threatening",
          "threatening"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "fierce, extreme, tremendous"
      ],
      "id": "en-凄まじい-ja-adj-sSnh4shm",
      "links": [
        [
          "fierce",
          "fierce"
        ],
        [
          "extreme",
          "extreme"
        ],
        [
          "tremendous",
          "tremendous"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "すさまじい"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[sɨᵝsa̠ma̠ʑiː]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kamakura period",
    "Muromachi period",
    "Nihon Shoki",
    "Susanoo-no-Mikoto"
  ],
  "word": "凄まじい"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese adjectives",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
    "Japanese い-i adjectives"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "荒む",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to grow wild, to fall into ruin, to go to waste; to lose force and cease (such as wind or rain); to become absorbed in doing something; to grow old and weak",
        "tr": "susamu"
      },
      "expansion": "荒む (susamu, “to grow wild, to fall into ruin, to go to waste; to lose force and cease (such as wind or rain); to become absorbed in doing something; to grow old and weak”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "荒ます",
        "tr": "susamasu"
      },
      "expansion": "荒ます (susamasu)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "desolate, depressing"
      },
      "expansion": "desolate, depressing",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "desolate, wild, chilly"
      },
      "expansion": "desolate, wild, chilly",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frightful, terrible, extreme"
      },
      "expansion": "frightful, terrible, extreme",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720.\nDerived from verb 荒む (susamu, “to grow wild, to fall into ruin, to go to waste; to lose force and cease (such as wind or rain); to become absorbed in doing something; to grow old and weak”), possibly from the causative form 荒ます (susamasu). May be cognate with the susa element in the name of the Shinto god, Susanoo-no-Mikoto.\nThe term initially evoked senses of desolate, depressing in reference to people or emotions, and desolate, wild, chilly in reference to natural phenomena. Usage then shifted to a focus on frightful, terrible, extreme during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods (1100s–1500s).\nThe adjective appears initially without voicing on the last element, as susamashi in the terminal form. The voicing appears from roughly the Kamakura period (late 1100s–early 1300s), with both unvoiced susamashi and voiced susamaji appearing in free variation until the late 1500s.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "凄まじい",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "凄",
          "すさ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajii",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじく",
      "roman": "susamajiku",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "凄",
          "すさ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかろ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかろ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikaro",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajiku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajii",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajii",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじけれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじけれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikare",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじくない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじくない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajiku nai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじくなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじくなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajiku nakatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじいです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじいです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajii desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじくないです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじくないです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajiku nai desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikatta desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじくなかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじくなかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajiku nakatta desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじくて",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじくて",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikute",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじければ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじければ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikereba",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかったら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかったら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikattara",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかろう",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかろう",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajikarō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajiku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじさ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじさ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamajisa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじから",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじから",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamaziku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikara",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかり",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかり",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamaziku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikari",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじき",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかる",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじき",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかる",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamaziki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikaru",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじけれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじけれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "realis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikare",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじからず",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじからず",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikarazu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじけれど",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじけれど",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikeredo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじければ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじければ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikereba",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじくば",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじくば",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikuba",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかりき",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかりき",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikariki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじかりけり",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじかりけり",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamazikarikeri",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "凄まじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すさまじく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "susamaziku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "すさまじい",
        "infl": "い"
      },
      "expansion": "凄(すさ)まじい • (susamajii) -i (adverbial 凄(すさ)まじく (susamajiku))",
      "name": "ja-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "adverbial": "く",
        "attributive": "い",
        "conditional": "ければ",
        "conjunctive": "くて",
        "continuative": "く",
        "degree": "さ",
        "formal": "い です",
        "formal_negative": "く ない です",
        "formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
        "formal_past": "かった です",
        "hypothetical": "けれ",
        "imperative": "かれ",
        "imperfective": "かろ",
        "informal_negative": "く ない",
        "informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
        "informal_past": "かった",
        "kana": "すさまじ",
        "lemma": "凄まじ",
        "provisional": "かったら",
        "terminal": "い",
        "volitional": "かろう"
      },
      "name": "ja-adj-infl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "すさま",
        "2": "adj-shiku-z"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "dreadful, threatening"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dreadful",
          "dreadful"
        ],
        [
          "threatening",
          "threatening"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "fierce, extreme, tremendous"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fierce",
          "fierce"
        ],
        [
          "extreme",
          "extreme"
        ],
        [
          "tremendous",
          "tremendous"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "すさまじい"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[sɨᵝsa̠ma̠ʑiː]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kamakura period",
    "Muromachi period",
    "Nihon Shoki",
    "Susanoo-no-Mikoto"
  ],
  "word": "凄まじい"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.