"侘しい" meaning in All languages combined

See 侘しい on Wiktionary

Adjective [Japanese]

IPA: [β̞a̠bʲiɕiː]
Etymology: From verb 侘びる (wabiru). Head templates: {{ja-adj|わびし.い|infl=い}} 侘(わび)しい • (wabishii) -i (adverbial 侘(わび)しく (wabishiku)) Inflection templates: {{ja-adj-infl|adverbial=く|attributive=い|conditional=ければ|conjunctive=くて|continuative=く|degree=さ|formal=い です|formal_negative=く ない です|formal_negative_past=く なかった です|formal_past=かった です|hypothetical=けれ|imperative=かれ|imperfective=かろ|informal_negative=く ない|informal_negative_past=く なかった|informal_past=かった|kana=わびし|lemma=侘し|provisional=かったら|terminal=い|volitional=かろう}} Forms: 侘しい [canonical] (ruby: (わび)), wabishii [romanization], 侘しく [adverbial] (ruby: (わび)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 侘しかろ [imperfective, stem], わびしかろ [imperfective, stem], wabishikaro [imperfective], 侘しく [continuative, stem], わびしく [continuative, stem], wabishiku [continuative], 侘しい [stem, terminative], わびしい [stem, terminative], wabishii [terminative], 侘しい [attributive, stem], わびしい [attributive, stem], wabishii [attributive], 侘しけれ [hypothetical, stem], わびしけれ [hypothetical, stem], wabishikere [hypothetical], 侘しかれ [imperative, stem], わびしかれ [imperative, stem], wabishikare [imperative], 侘しくない [informal, negative], わびしくない [informal, negative], wabishiku nai [informal, negative], 侘しかった [informal, past], わびしかった [informal, past], wabishikatta [informal, past], 侘しくなかった [informal, negative, past], わびしくなかった [informal, negative, past], wabishiku nakatta [informal, negative, past], 侘しいです [formal], わびしいです [formal], wabishii desu [formal], 侘しくないです [formal, negative], わびしくないです [formal, negative], wabishiku nai desu [formal, negative], 侘しかったです [formal, past], わびしかったです [formal, past], wabishikatta desu [formal, past], 侘しくなかったです [formal, negative, past], わびしくなかったです [formal, negative, past], wabishiku nakatta desu [formal, negative, past], 侘しくて [conjunctive], わびしくて [conjunctive], wabishikute [conjunctive], 侘しければ [conditional], わびしければ [conditional], wabishikereba [conditional], 侘しかったら [conditional, past], わびしかったら [conditional, past], wabishikattara [conditional, past], 侘しかろう [volitional], わびしかろう [volitional], wabishikarō [volitional], 侘しく [adverbial], わびしく [adverbial], wabishiku [adverbial], 侘しさ [noun-from-adj], わびしさ [noun-from-adj], wabishisa [noun-from-adj]
  1. lonely, miserable, shabby Wikipedia link: Kōjien, Shinmura Izuru
{
  "etymology_text": "From verb 侘びる (wabiru).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "侘しい",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "侘",
          "わび"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishii",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しく",
      "roman": "wabishiku",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "侘",
          "わび"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しかろ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしかろ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikaro",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishiku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishii",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishii",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しけれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしけれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しかれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしかれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikare",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しくない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしくない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishiku nai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しくなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしくなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishiku nakatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しいです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしいです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishii desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しくないです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしくないです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishiku nai desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikatta desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しくなかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしくなかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishiku nakatta desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しくて",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしくて",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikute",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しければ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしければ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikereba",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しかったら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしかったら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikattara",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しかろう",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしかろう",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikarō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishiku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しさ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしさ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishisa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "わびし.い",
        "infl": "い"
      },
      "expansion": "侘(わび)しい • (wabishii) -i (adverbial 侘(わび)しく (wabishiku))",
      "name": "ja-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "adverbial": "く",
        "attributive": "い",
        "conditional": "ければ",
        "conjunctive": "くて",
        "continuative": "く",
        "degree": "さ",
        "formal": "い です",
        "formal_negative": "く ない です",
        "formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
        "formal_past": "かった です",
        "hypothetical": "けれ",
        "imperative": "かれ",
        "imperfective": "かろ",
        "informal_negative": "く ない",
        "informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
        "informal_past": "かった",
        "kana": "わびし",
        "lemma": "侘し",
        "provisional": "かったら",
        "terminal": "い",
        "volitional": "かろう"
      },
      "name": "ja-adj-infl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lonely, miserable, shabby"
      ],
      "id": "en-侘しい-ja-adj-5QKFamCe",
      "links": [
        [
          "lonely",
          "lonely"
        ],
        [
          "miserable",
          "miserable"
        ],
        [
          "shabby",
          "shabby"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Kōjien",
        "Shinmura Izuru"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "わびしい"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[β̞a̠bʲiɕiː]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "侘しい"
}
{
  "etymology_text": "From verb 侘びる (wabiru).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "侘しい",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "侘",
          "わび"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishii",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しく",
      "roman": "wabishiku",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "侘",
          "わび"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しかろ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしかろ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikaro",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishiku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishii",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしい",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishii",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しけれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしけれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しかれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしかれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikare",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しくない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしくない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishiku nai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しくなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしくなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishiku nakatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しいです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしいです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishii desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しくないです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしくないです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishiku nai desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikatta desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しくなかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしくなかったです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishiku nakatta desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しくて",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしくて",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikute",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しければ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしければ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikereba",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しかったら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしかったら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikattara",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しかろう",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしかろう",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishikarō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしく",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishiku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "侘しさ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "わびしさ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wabishisa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "わびし.い",
        "infl": "い"
      },
      "expansion": "侘(わび)しい • (wabishii) -i (adverbial 侘(わび)しく (wabishiku))",
      "name": "ja-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "adverbial": "く",
        "attributive": "い",
        "conditional": "ければ",
        "conjunctive": "くて",
        "continuative": "く",
        "degree": "さ",
        "formal": "い です",
        "formal_negative": "く ない です",
        "formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
        "formal_past": "かった です",
        "hypothetical": "けれ",
        "imperative": "かれ",
        "imperfective": "かろ",
        "informal_negative": "く ない",
        "informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
        "informal_past": "かった",
        "kana": "わびし",
        "lemma": "侘し",
        "provisional": "かったら",
        "terminal": "い",
        "volitional": "かろう"
      },
      "name": "ja-adj-infl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese adjectives",
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with manual fragments",
        "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji",
        "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Japanese い-i adjectives",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lonely, miserable, shabby"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lonely",
          "lonely"
        ],
        [
          "miserable",
          "miserable"
        ],
        [
          "shabby",
          "shabby"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Kōjien",
        "Shinmura Izuru"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "わびしい"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[β̞a̠bʲiɕiː]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "侘しい"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 侘しい meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "侘しい"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "侘しい",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.