See 以降 on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ikō",
"ruby": [
[
"以",
"い"
],
[
"降",
"こう"
]
],
"word": "以降"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "igang",
"word": "이강(以降)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "postposition"
},
"expansion": "以降",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "postp",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cantonese postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"since (some point in the past)"
],
"id": "en-以降-zh-postp-rm-NTZ7E",
"links": [
[
"since",
"since"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) since (some point in the past)"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "yǐjiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "ji⁵ gong³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "yǐjiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "yǐjiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "i³-chiang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "yǐ-jyàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "yiijianq"
},
{
"roman": "iczjan",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "ицзян"
},
{
"ipa": "/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "ji⁵ gong³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "yíh gong"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ji⁵ gong³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "yi⁵ gong³"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiː¹³ kɔːŋ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "以降"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "以降 ^",
"ruby": [
[
"以",
"い"
],
[
"降",
"こう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ikō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ikau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "いかう",
"roman": "ikau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いこう",
"hhira": "いかう"
},
"expansion": "以(い)降(こう) • (ikō) ^(←いかう (ikau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on and after"
],
"id": "en-以降-ja-noun-6ohw82-D",
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"after",
"after"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"onward"
],
"id": "en-以降-ja-noun-jRF3qF-D",
"links": [
[
"onward",
"onward"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いこー"
},
{
"ipa": "[iko̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "以降"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "igang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "이강",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "이강"
},
"expansion": "以降 • (igang) (hangeul 이강)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "이강"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 이강"
],
"id": "en-以降-ko-noun-ZoZMCXKs",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"이강",
"이강#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "以降"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ikō",
"ruby": [
[
"以",
"い"
],
[
"降",
"こう"
]
],
"word": "以降"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "igang",
"word": "이강(以降)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "postposition"
},
"expansion": "以降",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "postp",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese postpositions",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese literary terms",
"Chinese postpositions",
"Chinese terms spelled with 以",
"Chinese terms spelled with 降",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin postpositions",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"since (some point in the past)"
],
"links": [
[
"since",
"since"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) since (some point in the past)"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "yǐjiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "ji⁵ gong³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "yǐjiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "yǐjiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "i³-chiang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "yǐ-jyàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "yiijianq"
},
{
"roman": "iczjan",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "ицзян"
},
{
"ipa": "/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "ji⁵ gong³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "yíh gong"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ji⁵ gong³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "yi⁵ gong³"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiː¹³ kɔːŋ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "以降"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "以降 ^",
"ruby": [
[
"以",
"い"
],
[
"降",
"こう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ikō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ikau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "いかう",
"roman": "ikau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いこう",
"hhira": "いかう"
},
"expansion": "以(い)降(こう) • (ikō) ^(←いかう (ikau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"on and after"
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"after",
"after"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"onward"
],
"links": [
[
"onward",
"onward"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いこー"
},
{
"ipa": "[iko̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "以降"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "igang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "이강",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "이강"
},
"expansion": "以降 • (igang) (hangeul 이강)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "이강"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 이강"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"이강",
"이강#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "以降"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 以降 meaning in All languages combined (4.5kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"以降"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "以降",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"以降"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "以降",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.