See 中大 on Wiktionary
{ "etymology_text": "; “Zhongda, Xingang, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China”\n; “Zhongda, Manchun, Jianghan District, Wuhan, Hubei, China”", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "zh", "2": "proper noun" }, "expansion": "中大", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "Zhōngshān Dàxué, “Sun Yat-sen University, in Mainland China”", "word": "中山大學" }, { "extra": "Zhōngshān Dàxué, “Sun Yat-sen University, in Mainland China”", "word": "中山大学" } ], "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Mainland China Chinese", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "16 16 14 8 5 3 15 8 3 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "27 25 24 21 3", "kind": "other", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Universities", "orig": "zh:Universities", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "University names:", "Short for 中山大學/中山大学 (Zhōngshān Dàxué, “Sun Yat-sen University, in Mainland China”)." ], "id": "en-中大-zh-name-REt7EdXT", "links": [ [ "中山", "中山" ], [ "大學", "大學" ], [ "大学", "大学" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "University names:", "(Mainland China) Short for 中山大學/中山大学 (Zhōngshān Dàxué, “Sun Yat-sen University, in Mainland China”)." ], "tags": [ "Mainland-China", "abbreviation", "alt-of" ] }, { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "Xiānggǎng Zhōngwén Dàxué, “Chinese University of Hong Kong, in Hong Kong”", "word": "香港中文大學" }, { "extra": "Xiānggǎng Zhōngwén Dàxué, “Chinese University of Hong Kong, in Hong Kong”", "word": "香港中文大学" } ], "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Hong Kong Chinese", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "24 31 19 19 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "16 16 14 8 5 3 15 8 3 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "27 25 24 21 3", "kind": "other", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Universities", "orig": "zh:Universities", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "University names:", "Short for 香港中文大學/香港中文大学 (Xiānggǎng Zhōngwén Dàxué, “Chinese University of Hong Kong, in Hong Kong”)." ], "id": "en-中大-zh-name-3AJWkqgz", "links": [ [ "香港", "香港" ], [ "中文", "中文" ], [ "大學", "大學" ], [ "大学", "大学" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "University names:", "(Hong Kong) Short for 香港中文大學/香港中文大学 (Xiānggǎng Zhōngwén Dàxué, “Chinese University of Hong Kong, in Hong Kong”)." ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "19 47 19 14 1", "roman": "Gǎngzhōngdà", "sense": "Chinese University of Hong Kong", "word": "港中大" } ], "tags": [ "Hong-Kong", "abbreviation", "alt-of" ] }, { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "Guólì Zhōngyāng Dàxué, “National Central University, in Taiwan”", "word": "國立中央大學" }, { "extra": "Guólì Zhōngyāng Dàxué, “National Central University, in Taiwan”", "word": "国立中央大学" } ], "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Taiwanese Chinese", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "16 16 14 8 5 3 15 8 3 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "27 25 24 21 3", "kind": "other", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Universities", "orig": "zh:Universities", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "University names:", "Short for 國立中央大學/国立中央大学 (Guólì Zhōngyāng Dàxué, “National Central University, in Taiwan”)." ], "id": "en-中大-zh-name-o1k6~PCS", "links": [ [ "國立", "國立" ], [ "中央", "中央" ], [ "大學", "大學" ], [ "国立", "国立" ], [ "大学", "大学" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "University names:", "(Taiwan) Short for 國立中央大學/国立中央大学 (Guólì Zhōngyāng Dàxué, “National Central University, in Taiwan”)." ], "tags": [ "Taiwan", "abbreviation", "alt-of" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "place", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Places in China", "orig": "zh:Places in China", "parents": [ "Places" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Places in Guangdong, China", "orig": "zh:Places in Guangdong, China", "parents": [ "Places" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Places in Guangzhou", "orig": "zh:Places in Guangzhou", "parents": [ "Places" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Villages in Guangdong, China", "orig": "zh:Villages in Guangdong, China", "parents": [ "Villages", "Places" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Villages in Guangzhou", "orig": "zh:Villages in Guangzhou", "parents": [ "Villages", "Places" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "27 25 24 21 3", "kind": "other", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Universities", "orig": "zh:Universities", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Administrative region names:", "Zhongda (a residential community in Xingang, Haizhu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, where the South Campus of the Sun Yat-sen University is located)" ], "id": "en-中大-zh-name-92xYmeyz", "links": [ [ "社區", "社區#Chinese" ], [ "Zhongda", "Zhongda#English" ], [ "residential", "residential" ], [ "community", "community" ], [ "Xingang", "Xingang#English" ], [ "Haizhu", "Haizhu#English" ], [ "Guangzhou", "Guangzhou#English" ], [ "Guangdong", "Guangdong#English" ], [ "China", "China#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "Administrative region names:", "(~社區) Zhongda (a residential community in Xingang, Haizhu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, where the South Campus of the Sun Yat-sen University is located)" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "place", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Places in China", "orig": "zh:Places in China", "parents": [ "Places" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Places in Hubei, China", "orig": "zh:Places in Hubei, China", "parents": [ "Places" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Places in Wuhan", "orig": "zh:Places in Wuhan", "parents": [ "Places" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Villages in Hubei, China", "orig": "zh:Villages in Hubei, China", "parents": [ "Villages", "Places" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Villages in Wuhan", "orig": "zh:Villages in Wuhan", "parents": [ "Villages", "Places" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Administrative region names:", "Zhongda (a residential community in Manchun, Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)" ], "id": "en-中大-zh-name-03ySpeGE", "links": [ [ "社區", "社區#Chinese" ], [ "Zhongda", "Zhongda#English" ], [ "residential", "residential" ], [ "community", "community" ], [ "Manchun", "Manchun#English" ], [ "Jianghan", "Jianghan#English" ], [ "Wuhan", "Wuhan#English" ], [ "Hubei", "Hubei#English" ], [ "China", "China#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "Administrative region names:", "(~社區) Zhongda (a residential community in Manchun, Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Pinyin" ], "zh-pron": "Zhōngdà" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "bopomofo" ], "zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄉㄚˋ" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping" ], "zh-pron": "zung¹ daai⁶" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific" ], "zh-pron": "zuung¹ ai⁵" }, { "tags": [ "Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "Zhōngdà" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄉㄚˋ" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "Jhongdà" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Wade-Giles", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "Chung¹-ta⁴" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Yale", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "Jūng-dà" }, { "tags": [ "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "Jongdah" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Palladius", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "Чжунда" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Palladius", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "Čžunda" }, { "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/", "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA", "standard" ] }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Jyutping" ], "zh-pron": "zung¹ daai⁶" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Yale" ], "zh-pron": "jūng daaih" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Pinyin" ], "zh-pron": "dzung¹ daai⁶" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization" ], "zh-pron": "zung¹ dai⁶" }, { "ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ taːi̯²²/", "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA" ] }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific" ], "zh-pron": "zuung¹ ai⁵" }, { "ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ ai³²/", "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese" ] }, { "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/" }, { "ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ taːi̯²²/" }, { "ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ ai³²/" } ], "word": "中大" } { "forms": [ { "form": "中大", "ruby": [ [ "中", "ちゅう" ], [ "大", "だい" ] ], "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "Chūdai", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "proper", "2": "ちゅうだい" }, "expansion": "中(ちゅう)大(だい) • (Chūdai)", "name": "ja-pos" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "National Central University" ], "id": "en-中大-ja-name-DR9ndqWJ" }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "16 16 14 8 5 3 15 8 3 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "15 14 13 11 3 2 24 6 2 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "5 56 14 5 20", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "7 52 16 6 20", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "7 51 16 6 19", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "10 37 25 10 18", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "7 53 15 6 18", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Sun Yat-sen University" ], "id": "en-中大-ja-name-Fp26iVh2" }, { "glosses": [ "Chinese University of Hong Kong" ], "id": "en-中大-ja-name-9Fy0RhJs" }, { "glosses": [ "Chuo University" ], "id": "en-中大-ja-name-uNPNos9n" }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "16 16 14 8 5 3 15 8 3 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Chung-Ang University" ], "id": "en-中大-ja-name-Z~N8SpAU" } ], "word": "中大" }
{ "categories": [ "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 中", "Chinese terms spelled with 大", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "zh:Universities" ], "etymology_text": "; “Zhongda, Xingang, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China”\n; “Zhongda, Manchun, Jianghan District, Wuhan, Hubei, China”", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "zh", "2": "proper noun" }, "expansion": "中大", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "Zhōngshān Dàxué, “Sun Yat-sen University, in Mainland China”", "word": "中山大學" }, { "extra": "Zhōngshān Dàxué, “Sun Yat-sen University, in Mainland China”", "word": "中山大学" } ], "categories": [ "Chinese short forms", "Mainland China Chinese" ], "glosses": [ "University names:", "Short for 中山大學/中山大学 (Zhōngshān Dàxué, “Sun Yat-sen University, in Mainland China”)." ], "links": [ [ "中山", "中山" ], [ "大學", "大學" ], [ "大学", "大学" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "University names:", "(Mainland China) Short for 中山大學/中山大学 (Zhōngshān Dàxué, “Sun Yat-sen University, in Mainland China”)." ], "tags": [ "Mainland-China", "abbreviation", "alt-of" ] }, { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "Xiānggǎng Zhōngwén Dàxué, “Chinese University of Hong Kong, in Hong Kong”", "word": "香港中文大學" }, { "extra": "Xiānggǎng Zhōngwén Dàxué, “Chinese University of Hong Kong, in Hong Kong”", "word": "香港中文大学" } ], "categories": [ "Chinese short forms", "Hong Kong Chinese" ], "glosses": [ "University names:", "Short for 香港中文大學/香港中文大学 (Xiānggǎng Zhōngwén Dàxué, “Chinese University of Hong Kong, in Hong Kong”)." ], "links": [ [ "香港", "香港" ], [ "中文", "中文" ], [ "大學", "大學" ], [ "大学", "大学" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "University names:", "(Hong Kong) Short for 香港中文大學/香港中文大学 (Xiānggǎng Zhōngwén Dàxué, “Chinese University of Hong Kong, in Hong Kong”)." ], "tags": [ "Hong-Kong", "abbreviation", "alt-of" ] }, { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "Guólì Zhōngyāng Dàxué, “National Central University, in Taiwan”", "word": "國立中央大學" }, { "extra": "Guólì Zhōngyāng Dàxué, “National Central University, in Taiwan”", "word": "国立中央大学" } ], "categories": [ "Chinese short forms", "Taiwanese Chinese" ], "glosses": [ "University names:", "Short for 國立中央大學/国立中央大学 (Guólì Zhōngyāng Dàxué, “National Central University, in Taiwan”)." ], "links": [ [ "國立", "國立" ], [ "中央", "中央" ], [ "大學", "大學" ], [ "国立", "国立" ], [ "大学", "大学" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "University names:", "(Taiwan) Short for 國立中央大學/国立中央大学 (Guólì Zhōngyāng Dàxué, “National Central University, in Taiwan”)." ], "tags": [ "Taiwan", "abbreviation", "alt-of" ] }, { "categories": [ "zh:Places in China", "zh:Places in Guangdong, China", "zh:Places in Guangzhou", "zh:Villages in Guangdong, China", "zh:Villages in Guangzhou" ], "glosses": [ "Administrative region names:", "Zhongda (a residential community in Xingang, Haizhu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, where the South Campus of the Sun Yat-sen University is located)" ], "links": [ [ "社區", "社區#Chinese" ], [ "Zhongda", "Zhongda#English" ], [ "residential", "residential" ], [ "community", "community" ], [ "Xingang", "Xingang#English" ], [ "Haizhu", "Haizhu#English" ], [ "Guangzhou", "Guangzhou#English" ], [ "Guangdong", "Guangdong#English" ], [ "China", "China#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "Administrative region names:", "(~社區) Zhongda (a residential community in Xingang, Haizhu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, where the South Campus of the Sun Yat-sen University is located)" ] }, { "categories": [ "zh:Places in China", "zh:Places in Hubei, China", "zh:Places in Wuhan", "zh:Villages in Hubei, China", "zh:Villages in Wuhan" ], "glosses": [ "Administrative region names:", "Zhongda (a residential community in Manchun, Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)" ], "links": [ [ "社區", "社區#Chinese" ], [ "Zhongda", "Zhongda#English" ], [ "residential", "residential" ], [ "community", "community" ], [ "Manchun", "Manchun#English" ], [ "Jianghan", "Jianghan#English" ], [ "Wuhan", "Wuhan#English" ], [ "Hubei", "Hubei#English" ], [ "China", "China#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "Administrative region names:", "(~社區) Zhongda (a residential community in Manchun, Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Pinyin" ], "zh-pron": "Zhōngdà" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "bopomofo" ], "zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄉㄚˋ" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping" ], "zh-pron": "zung¹ daai⁶" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific" ], "zh-pron": "zuung¹ ai⁵" }, { "tags": [ "Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "Zhōngdà" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄉㄚˋ" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "Jhongdà" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Wade-Giles", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "Chung¹-ta⁴" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Yale", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "Jūng-dà" }, { "tags": [ "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "Jongdah" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Palladius", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "Чжунда" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Palladius", "standard" ], "zh-pron": "Čžunda" }, { "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/", "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA", "standard" ] }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Jyutping" ], "zh-pron": "zung¹ daai⁶" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Yale" ], "zh-pron": "jūng daaih" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Pinyin" ], "zh-pron": "dzung¹ daai⁶" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization" ], "zh-pron": "zung¹ dai⁶" }, { "ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ taːi̯²²/", "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA" ] }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific" ], "zh-pron": "zuung¹ ai⁵" }, { "ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ ai³²/", "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese" ] }, { "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/" }, { "ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ taːi̯²²/" }, { "ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ ai³²/" } ], "synonyms": [ { "roman": "Gǎngzhōngdà", "sense": "Chinese University of Hong Kong", "word": "港中大" } ], "word": "中大" } { "categories": [ "Japanese entries with incorrect language header", "Japanese lemmas", "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters", "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks", "Japanese proper nouns", "Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji", "Japanese terms with 2 kanji", "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "forms": [ { "form": "中大", "ruby": [ [ "中", "ちゅう" ], [ "大", "だい" ] ], "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "Chūdai", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "proper", "2": "ちゅうだい" }, "expansion": "中(ちゅう)大(だい) • (Chūdai)", "name": "ja-pos" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "National Central University" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Sun Yat-sen University" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Chinese University of Hong Kong" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Chuo University" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Chung-Ang University" ] } ], "word": "中大" }
Download raw JSONL data for 中大 meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
{ "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324", "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'", "path": [ "中大" ], "section": "Chinese", "subsection": "", "title": "中大", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831", "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~社區", "path": [ "中大" ], "section": "Chinese", "subsection": "proper noun", "title": "中大", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831", "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~社區", "path": [ "中大" ], "section": "Chinese", "subsection": "proper noun", "title": "中大", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831", "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~社區", "path": [ "中大" ], "section": "Chinese", "subsection": "proper noun", "title": "中大", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831", "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~社區", "path": [ "中大" ], "section": "Chinese", "subsection": "proper noun", "title": "中大", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "parser/1336", "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>", "path": [ "中大" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "proper noun", "title": "中大", "trace": "" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.