See つとめて on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for つとめて meaning in All languages combined (4.9kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "夙",
"3": "めて",
"pos2": "uncertain",
"t1": "early morning",
"tr1": "tsuto",
"tr2": "mete"
},
"expansion": "夙 (tsuto, “early morning”) + めて (mete, uncertain)",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 夙 (tsuto, “early morning”) + めて (mete, uncertain).\nA surface analysis suggests that the -mete may have originated as the conjunctive -te form of the verb-forming suffix -meru (“to make something become more [of the suffixed term]”), as in words like 広める (hiromeru, “to widen”, from 広い (hiroi), “wide”). That said, -meru usually produces transitive verbs, contrasting with intransitive suffix -maru, and a transitive sense in this word seems out of place. Then again, at least one monolingual Japanese resource derives verb 務める (tsutomeru, “to be working, as an occupation”, intransitive) from the same root 夙 (tsuto) and this suffix -meru.\nFirst cited to The Tales of Ise of the early 900s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tsutomete",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "つとめて • (tsutomete)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Winter is the early morning: for snow to fall and the frost so white, or otherwise it is very cold that the fires are lit in a hurry and charcoal are passed on; how suitable [for this season]. As it becomes noon, more relaxed and warmth brought in, the braziers’ flames are nothing but white ash.",
"ref": "1002, Sei Shōnagon, The Pillow Book",
"roman": "Fuyu wa tsutomete. Yuki no furitaru wa iubeki ni mo arazu, shimo no ito-shiroki mo, mata sarade mo ito-samuki ni, hi nado isogi-okoshite, sumi motewataru mo ito-tsukizukishi. Hiru ni narite, nuruku yurubi-moteikeba, hioke no hi mo shiroki hai ga chi ni narite waroshi.",
"ruby": [
[
"冬",
"ふゆ"
],
[
"雪",
"ゆき"
],
[
"降",
"ふ"
],
[
"霜",
"しも"
],
[
"白",
"しろ"
],
[
"寒",
"さむ"
],
[
"火",
"ひ"
],
[
"急",
"いそ"
],
[
"炭",
"すみ"
],
[
"渡",
"わた"
],
[
"昼",
"ひる"
],
[
"火",
"ひ"
],
[
"桶",
"をけ"
],
[
"火",
"ひ"
],
[
"白",
"しろ"
],
[
"灰",
"はひ"
]
],
"text": "冬はつとめて。雪の降りたるはいふべきにもあらず、霜のいと白きも、またさらでもいと寒きに、火など急ぎおこして、炭もて渡るもいとつきづきし。昼になりて、ぬるくゆるびもていけば、火桶の火も白き灰がちになりてわろし。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"early morning"
],
"id": "en-つとめて-ja-noun-ZyZUyOTA",
"links": [
[
"early",
"early"
],
[
"morning",
"morning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) early morning"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Next morning, I’ll sleep through the night, then when the sun comes out, the image of the morning glow is what I saw: love of people; I have to listen, and even after that, reasoning still looks great.",
"ref": "c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Yūgao)",
"roman": "Tsutomete, sukoshi nesugushitamaite, hi sashi-izuru hodo ni idetamau, asake no sugata wa, ge ni hito no mede kikoen mo, kotowari naru ōnsama narikeri.",
"ruby": [
[
"翌朝",
"つとめて"
],
[
"少",
"すこ"
],
[
"寝",
"ね"
],
[
"過",
"す"
],
[
"給",
"たま"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
],
[
"出",
"い"
],
[
"出",
"い"
],
[
"給",
"たま"
],
[
"朝明",
"あさけ"
],
[
"姿",
"すがた"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
],
[
"御",
"おほむ"
]
],
"text": "翌朝、少し寝過ぐし給ひて、日さし出づるほどに出で給ふ、朝明の姿は、げに人のめで聞こえむも、ことわりなる御さまなりけり。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"next morning"
],
"id": "en-つとめて-ja-noun-D2INl7M4",
"links": [
[
"next",
"next"
],
[
"morning",
"morning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) next morning"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つとめて"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝto̞me̞te̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen#Online_search_engines",
"Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai",
"The Tales of Ise"
],
"word": "つとめて"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "夙",
"3": "めて",
"pos2": "uncertain",
"t1": "early morning",
"tr1": "tsuto",
"tr2": "mete"
},
"expansion": "夙 (tsuto, “early morning”) + めて (mete, uncertain)",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 夙 (tsuto, “early morning”) + めて (mete, uncertain).\nA surface analysis suggests that the -mete may have originated as the conjunctive -te form of the verb-forming suffix -meru (“to make something become more [of the suffixed term]”), as in words like 広める (hiromeru, “to widen”, from 広い (hiroi), “wide”). That said, -meru usually produces transitive verbs, contrasting with intransitive suffix -maru, and a transitive sense in this word seems out of place. Then again, at least one monolingual Japanese resource derives verb 務める (tsutomeru, “to be working, as an occupation”, intransitive) from the same root 夙 (tsuto) and this suffix -meru.\nFirst cited to The Tales of Ise of the early 900s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tsutomete",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "つとめて • (tsutomete)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Winter is the early morning: for snow to fall and the frost so white, or otherwise it is very cold that the fires are lit in a hurry and charcoal are passed on; how suitable [for this season]. As it becomes noon, more relaxed and warmth brought in, the braziers’ flames are nothing but white ash.",
"ref": "1002, Sei Shōnagon, The Pillow Book",
"roman": "Fuyu wa tsutomete. Yuki no furitaru wa iubeki ni mo arazu, shimo no ito-shiroki mo, mata sarade mo ito-samuki ni, hi nado isogi-okoshite, sumi motewataru mo ito-tsukizukishi. Hiru ni narite, nuruku yurubi-moteikeba, hioke no hi mo shiroki hai ga chi ni narite waroshi.",
"ruby": [
[
"冬",
"ふゆ"
],
[
"雪",
"ゆき"
],
[
"降",
"ふ"
],
[
"霜",
"しも"
],
[
"白",
"しろ"
],
[
"寒",
"さむ"
],
[
"火",
"ひ"
],
[
"急",
"いそ"
],
[
"炭",
"すみ"
],
[
"渡",
"わた"
],
[
"昼",
"ひる"
],
[
"火",
"ひ"
],
[
"桶",
"をけ"
],
[
"火",
"ひ"
],
[
"白",
"しろ"
],
[
"灰",
"はひ"
]
],
"text": "冬はつとめて。雪の降りたるはいふべきにもあらず、霜のいと白きも、またさらでもいと寒きに、火など急ぎおこして、炭もて渡るもいとつきづきし。昼になりて、ぬるくゆるびもていけば、火桶の火も白き灰がちになりてわろし。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"early morning"
],
"links": [
[
"early",
"early"
],
[
"morning",
"morning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) early morning"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Next morning, I’ll sleep through the night, then when the sun comes out, the image of the morning glow is what I saw: love of people; I have to listen, and even after that, reasoning still looks great.",
"ref": "c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Yūgao)",
"roman": "Tsutomete, sukoshi nesugushitamaite, hi sashi-izuru hodo ni idetamau, asake no sugata wa, ge ni hito no mede kikoen mo, kotowari naru ōnsama narikeri.",
"ruby": [
[
"翌朝",
"つとめて"
],
[
"少",
"すこ"
],
[
"寝",
"ね"
],
[
"過",
"す"
],
[
"給",
"たま"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
],
[
"出",
"い"
],
[
"出",
"い"
],
[
"給",
"たま"
],
[
"朝明",
"あさけ"
],
[
"姿",
"すがた"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
],
[
"御",
"おほむ"
]
],
"text": "翌朝、少し寝過ぐし給ひて、日さし出づるほどに出で給ふ、朝明の姿は、げに人のめで聞こえむも、ことわりなる御さまなりけり。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"next morning"
],
"links": [
[
"next",
"next"
],
[
"morning",
"morning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) next morning"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つとめて"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝto̞me̞te̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen#Online_search_engines",
"Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai",
"The Tales of Ise"
],
"word": "つとめて"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"努めて"
],
"word": "つとめて"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"つとめて"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "つとめて",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"つとめて"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "つとめて",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"つとめて"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "つとめて",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.