See ずる賢い on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "狡い",
"3": "賢い",
"sort": "するがしこい'",
"t1": "tricky, cunning, devious",
"t2": "smart, clever, intelligent",
"tr1": "zurui",
"tr2": "kashikoi"
},
"expansion": "狡い (zurui, “tricky, cunning, devious”) + 賢い (kashikoi, “smart, clever, intelligent”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kashikoi",
"2": "gashikoi",
"sort": "するがしこい'"
},
"expansion": "The kashikoi changes to gashikoi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ずる賢い"
},
"expansion": "ずる賢い",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 狡い (zurui, “tricky, cunning, devious”) + 賢い (kashikoi, “smart, clever, intelligent”). The kashikoi changes to gashikoi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).\nThe spelling ずる賢い is more common than 狡賢い, due to the 狡 character falling into disuse.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ずる賢い",
"ruby": [
[
"賢",
"がしこ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢く",
"roman": "zurugashikoku",
"ruby": [
[
"賢",
"がしこ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoi desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikosa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ずるがしこい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "ずる賢(がしこ)い • (zurugashikoi) -i (adverbial ずる賢(がしこ)く (zurugashikoku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "ずるがしこ",
"lemma": "ずる賢",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with rendaku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sly, cunning"
],
"id": "en-ずる賢い-ja-adj-puaNz1C9",
"links": [
[
"sly",
"sly"
],
[
"cunning",
"cunning"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "狡賢い"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen",
"Kyōsuke Kindaichi",
"ja:松村明"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ずるがしこい"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡zɨɾɯ̟ɡa̠ɕiko̞i]"
}
],
"word": "ずる賢い"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "狡い",
"3": "賢い",
"sort": "するがしこい'",
"t1": "tricky, cunning, devious",
"t2": "smart, clever, intelligent",
"tr1": "zurui",
"tr2": "kashikoi"
},
"expansion": "狡い (zurui, “tricky, cunning, devious”) + 賢い (kashikoi, “smart, clever, intelligent”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kashikoi",
"2": "gashikoi",
"sort": "するがしこい'"
},
"expansion": "The kashikoi changes to gashikoi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ずる賢い"
},
"expansion": "ずる賢い",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 狡い (zurui, “tricky, cunning, devious”) + 賢い (kashikoi, “smart, clever, intelligent”). The kashikoi changes to gashikoi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).\nThe spelling ずる賢い is more common than 狡賢い, due to the 狡 character falling into disuse.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ずる賢い",
"ruby": [
[
"賢",
"がしこ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢く",
"roman": "zurugashikoku",
"ruby": [
[
"賢",
"がしこ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoi desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikokarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikoku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる賢さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ずるがしこさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "zurugashikosa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ずるがしこい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "ずる賢(がしこ)い • (zurugashikoi) -i (adverbial ずる賢(がしこ)く (zurugashikoku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "ずるがしこ",
"lemma": "ずる賢",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"sly, cunning"
],
"links": [
[
"sly",
"sly"
],
[
"cunning",
"cunning"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen",
"Kyōsuke Kindaichi",
"ja:松村明"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ずるがしこい"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡zɨɾɯ̟ɡa̠ɕiko̞i]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "狡賢い"
}
],
"word": "ずる賢い"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ずる賢い meaning in All languages combined (7.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ずる賢い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ずる賢い",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.