"あく" meaning in All languages combined

See あく on Wiktionary

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [a̠kɯ̟ᵝ] Forms: aku [romanization]
Etymology: Likely derived from verb 飽きる・厭きる・倦きる (akiru), older form 飽く・厭く・倦く (aku, “to be full up; to be fully done; to tire of something, to have too much of something”). First cited to the 古今和歌集 (Kokin Wakashū) of the early 900s, where the term is used as a pun for the verb. The senses related to flavor and harshness arose from the practice of using lye in food processing to remove unpleasant flavors. The kanji spelling 灰汁 is an example of jukujikun, using the characters for 灰 (“ash”) and 汁 (“broth”) in reference to the practice of leaching wood ash in water to derive lye. Etymology templates: {{m|ja|あきる|飽きる・厭きる・倦きる|tr=akiru}} 飽きる・厭きる・倦きる (akiru), {{m|ja|飽く・厭く・倦く||to be full up; to be fully done; to tire of something, to have too much of something|tr=aku}} 飽く・厭く・倦く (aku, “to be full up; to be fully done; to tire of something, to have too much of something”), {{lang|ja|灰汁}} 灰汁, {{m|ja||語源由来辞典|Etymology Derivation Dictionary|tr=Gogen Yurai Jiten}} 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”), {{m|ja||古今和歌集|tr=Kokin Wakashū}} 古今和歌集 (Kokin Wakashū), {{m|en|flavor}} flavor, {{m|en|harshness}} harshness, {{m|ja|灰汁}} 灰汁, {{m|ja|灰||ash}} 灰 (“ash”), {{m|ja|汁||broth}} 汁 (“broth”) Head templates: {{ja-noun}} あく • (aku)
  1. lye, originally the clear alkaline liquid left after leaching wood ash in water
    Sense id: en-あく-ja-noun-tcT~teku
  2. scum, the coagulated proteins and fats that gather on the surface of a pot of boiling food
    Sense id: en-あく-ja-noun-dJBuoMCU Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 8 42 32 19 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 10 41 29 20 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 11 41 30 19 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 10 41 30 19
  3. components contained in vegetables that impart an acrid, astringent, or harsh flavor
    Sense id: en-あく-ja-noun-A4jMwe60
  4. アク: (by extension from the "flavor" sense) harshness as a characteristic of one's personality
    Sense id: en-あく-ja-noun-UNn-i4QJ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: あくどい (akudoi) (english: gaudy, excessively garish; wily, unscrupulous, vicious)
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for あく meaning in All languages combined (5.1kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "gaudy, excessively garish; wily, unscrupulous, vicious",
      "roman": "akudoi",
      "word": "あくどい"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "あきる",
        "3": "飽きる・厭きる・倦きる",
        "tr": "akiru"
      },
      "expansion": "飽きる・厭きる・倦きる (akiru)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "飽く・厭く・倦く",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be full up; to be fully done; to tire of something, to have too much of something",
        "tr": "aku"
      },
      "expansion": "飽く・厭く・倦く (aku, “to be full up; to be fully done; to tire of something, to have too much of something”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "灰汁"
      },
      "expansion": "灰汁",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "",
        "3": "語源由来辞典",
        "4": "Etymology Derivation Dictionary",
        "tr": "Gogen Yurai Jiten"
      },
      "expansion": "語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "",
        "3": "古今和歌集",
        "tr": "Kokin Wakashū"
      },
      "expansion": "古今和歌集 (Kokin Wakashū)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "flavor"
      },
      "expansion": "flavor",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "harshness"
      },
      "expansion": "harshness",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "灰汁"
      },
      "expansion": "灰汁",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "灰",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ash"
      },
      "expansion": "灰 (“ash”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "汁",
        "3": "",
        "4": "broth"
      },
      "expansion": "汁 (“broth”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Likely derived from verb 飽きる・厭きる・倦きる (akiru), older form 飽く・厭く・倦く (aku, “to be full up; to be fully done; to tire of something, to have too much of something”).\nFirst cited to the 古今和歌集 (Kokin Wakashū) of the early 900s, where the term is used as a pun for the verb.\nThe senses related to flavor and harshness arose from the practice of using lye in food processing to remove unpleasant flavors.\nThe kanji spelling 灰汁 is an example of jukujikun, using the characters for 灰 (“ash”) and 汁 (“broth”) in reference to the practice of leaching wood ash in water to derive lye.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "aku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "あく • (aku)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 19, poem 1044)",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "紅",
              "くれなゐ"
            ],
            [
              "染",
              "そ"
            ],
            [
              "心",
              "こころ"
            ],
            [
              "人",
              "ひと"
            ],
            [
              "蝶",
              "てふ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "紅に染めし心もたのまれず人をあくにはうつる蝶なり\nkurenai ni someshi kokoro mo tanomarezu hito o aku ni wa utsuru tefu nari\n[Note: This aku is also a pun on the verb 飽く (aku, “to tire of something”).]"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lye, originally the clear alkaline liquid left after leaching wood ash in water"
      ],
      "id": "en-あく-ja-noun-tcT~teku",
      "links": [
        [
          "lye",
          "lye"
        ],
        [
          "alkaline",
          "alkaline"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 42 32 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 41 29 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 41 30 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 41 30 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "scum, the coagulated proteins and fats that gather on the surface of a pot of boiling food"
      ],
      "id": "en-あく-ja-noun-dJBuoMCU",
      "links": [
        [
          "scum",
          "scum"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ruby": [
            [
              "灰汁",
              "あく"
            ],
            [
              "強",
              "つよ"
            ],
            [
              "灰汁",
              "あく"
            ],
            [
              "抜",
              "ぬ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "灰汁が強い、灰汁を抜く\naku ga tsuyoi, aku o nuku\nharshness is strong → strongly unpleasant [flavor], remove the harshness [as from vegetables]"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "components contained in vegetables that impart an acrid, astringent, or harsh flavor"
      ],
      "id": "en-あく-ja-noun-A4jMwe60",
      "links": [
        [
          "component",
          "component"
        ],
        [
          "vegetable",
          "vegetable"
        ],
        [
          "acrid",
          "acrid"
        ],
        [
          "astringent",
          "astringent"
        ],
        [
          "harsh",
          "harsh"
        ],
        [
          "flavor",
          "flavor"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a man with a harsh / overly strong / forceful / pushy personality",
          "roman": "aku no tsuyoi dansei",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "強",
              "つよ"
            ],
            [
              "男性",
              "だんせい"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "アクの強い男性"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "アク: (by extension from the \"flavor\" sense) harshness as a characteristic of one's personality"
      ],
      "id": "en-あく-ja-noun-UNn-i4QJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "アク",
          "アク#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "harshness",
          "harshness"
        ],
        [
          "personality",
          "personality"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "あく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[a̠kɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kokin Wakashū",
    "ja:古今和歌集"
  ],
  "word": "あく"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "gaudy, excessively garish; wily, unscrupulous, vicious",
      "roman": "akudoi",
      "word": "あくどい"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "あきる",
        "3": "飽きる・厭きる・倦きる",
        "tr": "akiru"
      },
      "expansion": "飽きる・厭きる・倦きる (akiru)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "飽く・厭く・倦く",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be full up; to be fully done; to tire of something, to have too much of something",
        "tr": "aku"
      },
      "expansion": "飽く・厭く・倦く (aku, “to be full up; to be fully done; to tire of something, to have too much of something”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "灰汁"
      },
      "expansion": "灰汁",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "",
        "3": "語源由来辞典",
        "4": "Etymology Derivation Dictionary",
        "tr": "Gogen Yurai Jiten"
      },
      "expansion": "語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "",
        "3": "古今和歌集",
        "tr": "Kokin Wakashū"
      },
      "expansion": "古今和歌集 (Kokin Wakashū)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "flavor"
      },
      "expansion": "flavor",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "harshness"
      },
      "expansion": "harshness",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "灰汁"
      },
      "expansion": "灰汁",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "灰",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ash"
      },
      "expansion": "灰 (“ash”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "汁",
        "3": "",
        "4": "broth"
      },
      "expansion": "汁 (“broth”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Likely derived from verb 飽きる・厭きる・倦きる (akiru), older form 飽く・厭く・倦く (aku, “to be full up; to be fully done; to tire of something, to have too much of something”).\nFirst cited to the 古今和歌集 (Kokin Wakashū) of the early 900s, where the term is used as a pun for the verb.\nThe senses related to flavor and harshness arose from the practice of using lye in food processing to remove unpleasant flavors.\nThe kanji spelling 灰汁 is an example of jukujikun, using the characters for 灰 (“ash”) and 汁 (“broth”) in reference to the practice of leaching wood ash in water to derive lye.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "aku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "あく • (aku)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples",
        "Requests for translations of Japanese usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 19, poem 1044)",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "紅",
              "くれなゐ"
            ],
            [
              "染",
              "そ"
            ],
            [
              "心",
              "こころ"
            ],
            [
              "人",
              "ひと"
            ],
            [
              "蝶",
              "てふ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "紅に染めし心もたのまれず人をあくにはうつる蝶なり\nkurenai ni someshi kokoro mo tanomarezu hito o aku ni wa utsuru tefu nari\n[Note: This aku is also a pun on the verb 飽く (aku, “to tire of something”).]"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lye, originally the clear alkaline liquid left after leaching wood ash in water"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lye",
          "lye"
        ],
        [
          "alkaline",
          "alkaline"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "scum, the coagulated proteins and fats that gather on the surface of a pot of boiling food"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scum",
          "scum"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ruby": [
            [
              "灰汁",
              "あく"
            ],
            [
              "強",
              "つよ"
            ],
            [
              "灰汁",
              "あく"
            ],
            [
              "抜",
              "ぬ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "灰汁が強い、灰汁を抜く\naku ga tsuyoi, aku o nuku\nharshness is strong → strongly unpleasant [flavor], remove the harshness [as from vegetables]"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "components contained in vegetables that impart an acrid, astringent, or harsh flavor"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "component",
          "component"
        ],
        [
          "vegetable",
          "vegetable"
        ],
        [
          "acrid",
          "acrid"
        ],
        [
          "astringent",
          "astringent"
        ],
        [
          "harsh",
          "harsh"
        ],
        [
          "flavor",
          "flavor"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a man with a harsh / overly strong / forceful / pushy personality",
          "roman": "aku no tsuyoi dansei",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "強",
              "つよ"
            ],
            [
              "男性",
              "だんせい"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "アクの強い男性"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "アク: (by extension from the \"flavor\" sense) harshness as a characteristic of one's personality"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "アク",
          "アク#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "harshness",
          "harshness"
        ],
        [
          "personality",
          "personality"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "あく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[a̠kɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kokin Wakashū",
    "ja:古今和歌集"
  ],
  "word": "あく"
}

{
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "soft-redirect",
  "redirects": [
    "開く",
    "空く",
    "明く",
    "飽く",
    "厭く",
    "倦く",
    "悪",
    "握",
    "亜久",
    "阿久",
    "渥",
    "安久",
    "吾久",
    "愛玖",
    "愛紅"
  ],
  "word": "あく"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "あく"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "あく",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
  "msg": "あく/Japanese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"開く\", \"空く\", \"明く\", \"飽く\", \"厭く\", \"倦く\", \"悪\", \"握\", \"亜久\", \"阿久\", \"渥\", \"安久\", \"吾久\", \"愛玖\", \"愛紅\"], \"word\": \"あく\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "soft-redirect",
  "title": "あく",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.