See ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"title": "\"conventionally dismissed as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation\""
},
"expansion": "\"conventionally dismiss[ed] as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation\"",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmg",
"2": "ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ",
"t": "China"
},
"expansion": "Classical Mongolian ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ (kitad, “China”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "cmg",
"3": "",
"t": "Chinese, Ming Chinese",
"tr": "nanggiyad"
},
"expansion": "Classical Mongolian [script needed] (nanggiyad, “Chinese, Ming Chinese”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "zh",
"3": "南家",
"t": "southern households"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 南家 (“southern households”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "zh",
"3": "漢",
"t": "Han Chinese"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 漢／汉 (hàn, “Han Chinese”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "明漢",
"t": "Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty"
},
"expansion": "明漢 (“Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "tuw-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neg",
"t": "Chinese, bandit, robber",
"tr": "nikan"
},
"expansion": "Negidal [script needed] (nikan, “Chinese, bandit, robber”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ude",
"t": "Chinese, laborer, worker",
"tr": "ningka"
},
"expansion": "Udihe [script needed] (ningka, “Chinese, laborer, worker”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oac",
"t": "slave, servant",
"tr": "n'ingka"
},
"expansion": "Oroch [script needed] (n'ingka, “slave, servant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The etymology is \"conventionally dismiss[ed] as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation\". It was not used in fifteenth-century Jurchen. Speculative suggestions include:\n* Related to Classical Mongolian ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ (kitad, “China”).\n* Corrupted from Classical Mongolian [script needed] (nanggiyad, “Chinese, Ming Chinese”), from Chinese 南家 (“southern households”).\n* Corrupted from unknown element ni- + Chinese 漢／汉 (hàn, “Han Chinese”), perhaps 明漢 (“Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty”), as Manchu transcriptions of foreign words sometimes conflate the initial nasals.\n* Related to native Manchu verbs such as ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ (nikembi, “to lean on, to rely on”) and ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ (nikebumbi, “to prop up, to support”) with the original meaning of \"servant\", the meaning of which transferred to \"Han Chinese\" upon Jurchen/Manchu expansion, during which the conquered Han became subservient to the Manchus. Alexander Vovin considers this sort of semantic shift from a derogatory Proto-Tungusic root most likely, citing Negidal [script needed] (nikan, “Chinese, bandit, robber”), Udihe [script needed] (ningka, “Chinese, laborer, worker”), Oroch [script needed] (n'ingka, “slave, servant”), and other Tungusic forms, and says:\n*: \"Regardless of the phonetic details, the semantic fit seems to be almost perfect: 'robber, slave, servant'—what could be more offensive to an enemy?\"",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nikan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ • (nikan)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "mnc",
"name": "China",
"orig": "mnc:China",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Chinese language",
"roman": "nikan gisun",
"word": "ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ"
},
{
"english": "Chinese character",
"roman": "nikan hergen",
"word": "ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ"
},
{
"roman": "nikarambi",
"word": "ᠨᡳᡴᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chinese, Han (person, people)"
],
"id": "en-ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ-mnc-noun-KTN0Qa-v",
"links": [
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"Han",
"Han"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ni.qʰan]",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alexander Vovin"
],
"word": "ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "尼堪",
"tr": "Níkān",
"translit": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: → 尼堪 (Níkān) (transliteration)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: → 尼堪 (Níkān) (transliteration)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"title": "\"conventionally dismissed as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation\""
},
"expansion": "\"conventionally dismiss[ed] as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation\"",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmg",
"2": "ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ",
"t": "China"
},
"expansion": "Classical Mongolian ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ (kitad, “China”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "cmg",
"3": "",
"t": "Chinese, Ming Chinese",
"tr": "nanggiyad"
},
"expansion": "Classical Mongolian [script needed] (nanggiyad, “Chinese, Ming Chinese”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "zh",
"3": "南家",
"t": "southern households"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 南家 (“southern households”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "zh",
"3": "漢",
"t": "Han Chinese"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 漢／汉 (hàn, “Han Chinese”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "明漢",
"t": "Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty"
},
"expansion": "明漢 (“Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "tuw-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neg",
"t": "Chinese, bandit, robber",
"tr": "nikan"
},
"expansion": "Negidal [script needed] (nikan, “Chinese, bandit, robber”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ude",
"t": "Chinese, laborer, worker",
"tr": "ningka"
},
"expansion": "Udihe [script needed] (ningka, “Chinese, laborer, worker”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oac",
"t": "slave, servant",
"tr": "n'ingka"
},
"expansion": "Oroch [script needed] (n'ingka, “slave, servant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The etymology is \"conventionally dismiss[ed] as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation\". It was not used in fifteenth-century Jurchen. Speculative suggestions include:\n* Related to Classical Mongolian ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ (kitad, “China”).\n* Corrupted from Classical Mongolian [script needed] (nanggiyad, “Chinese, Ming Chinese”), from Chinese 南家 (“southern households”).\n* Corrupted from unknown element ni- + Chinese 漢／汉 (hàn, “Han Chinese”), perhaps 明漢 (“Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty”), as Manchu transcriptions of foreign words sometimes conflate the initial nasals.\n* Related to native Manchu verbs such as ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ (nikembi, “to lean on, to rely on”) and ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ (nikebumbi, “to prop up, to support”) with the original meaning of \"servant\", the meaning of which transferred to \"Han Chinese\" upon Jurchen/Manchu expansion, during which the conquered Han became subservient to the Manchus. Alexander Vovin considers this sort of semantic shift from a derogatory Proto-Tungusic root most likely, citing Negidal [script needed] (nikan, “Chinese, bandit, robber”), Udihe [script needed] (ningka, “Chinese, laborer, worker”), Oroch [script needed] (n'ingka, “slave, servant”), and other Tungusic forms, and says:\n*: \"Regardless of the phonetic details, the semantic fit seems to be almost perfect: 'robber, slave, servant'—what could be more offensive to an enemy?\"",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nikan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ • (nikan)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Manchu female given names",
"parents": [
"Female given names",
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Manchu given names",
"parents": [
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Manchu male given names",
"parents": [
"Male given names",
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Manchu unisex given names",
"parents": [
"Unisex given names",
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Manchu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mnc",
"name": "Nationalities",
"orig": "mnc:Nationalities",
"parents": [
"Demonyms",
"People",
"Names",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a unisex given name meaning “Chinese”"
],
"id": "en-ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ-mnc-name-tQiSTg-V",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ni.qʰan]",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alexander Vovin"
],
"word": "ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Manchu entries with incorrect language header",
"Manchu lemmas",
"Manchu nouns",
"Manchu proper nouns",
"Manchu terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Manchu terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"mnc:China",
"mnc:Nationalities"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Chinese language",
"roman": "nikan gisun",
"word": "ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ"
},
{
"english": "Chinese character",
"roman": "nikan hergen",
"word": "ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ"
},
{
"roman": "nikarambi",
"word": "ᠨᡳᡴᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"title": "\"conventionally dismissed as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation\""
},
"expansion": "\"conventionally dismiss[ed] as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation\"",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmg",
"2": "ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ",
"t": "China"
},
"expansion": "Classical Mongolian ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ (kitad, “China”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "cmg",
"3": "",
"t": "Chinese, Ming Chinese",
"tr": "nanggiyad"
},
"expansion": "Classical Mongolian [script needed] (nanggiyad, “Chinese, Ming Chinese”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "zh",
"3": "南家",
"t": "southern households"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 南家 (“southern households”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "zh",
"3": "漢",
"t": "Han Chinese"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 漢／汉 (hàn, “Han Chinese”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "明漢",
"t": "Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty"
},
"expansion": "明漢 (“Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "tuw-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neg",
"t": "Chinese, bandit, robber",
"tr": "nikan"
},
"expansion": "Negidal [script needed] (nikan, “Chinese, bandit, robber”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ude",
"t": "Chinese, laborer, worker",
"tr": "ningka"
},
"expansion": "Udihe [script needed] (ningka, “Chinese, laborer, worker”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oac",
"t": "slave, servant",
"tr": "n'ingka"
},
"expansion": "Oroch [script needed] (n'ingka, “slave, servant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The etymology is \"conventionally dismiss[ed] as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation\". It was not used in fifteenth-century Jurchen. Speculative suggestions include:\n* Related to Classical Mongolian ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ (kitad, “China”).\n* Corrupted from Classical Mongolian [script needed] (nanggiyad, “Chinese, Ming Chinese”), from Chinese 南家 (“southern households”).\n* Corrupted from unknown element ni- + Chinese 漢／汉 (hàn, “Han Chinese”), perhaps 明漢 (“Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty”), as Manchu transcriptions of foreign words sometimes conflate the initial nasals.\n* Related to native Manchu verbs such as ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ (nikembi, “to lean on, to rely on”) and ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ (nikebumbi, “to prop up, to support”) with the original meaning of \"servant\", the meaning of which transferred to \"Han Chinese\" upon Jurchen/Manchu expansion, during which the conquered Han became subservient to the Manchus. Alexander Vovin considers this sort of semantic shift from a derogatory Proto-Tungusic root most likely, citing Negidal [script needed] (nikan, “Chinese, bandit, robber”), Udihe [script needed] (ningka, “Chinese, laborer, worker”), Oroch [script needed] (n'ingka, “slave, servant”), and other Tungusic forms, and says:\n*: \"Regardless of the phonetic details, the semantic fit seems to be almost perfect: 'robber, slave, servant'—what could be more offensive to an enemy?\"",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nikan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ • (nikan)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Chinese, Han (person, people)"
],
"links": [
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"Han",
"Han"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ni.qʰan]",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alexander Vovin"
],
"word": "ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Manchu entries with incorrect language header",
"Manchu lemmas",
"Manchu nouns",
"Manchu proper nouns",
"Manchu terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Manchu terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"mnc:China",
"mnc:Nationalities"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "尼堪",
"tr": "Níkān",
"translit": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: → 尼堪 (Níkān) (transliteration)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: → 尼堪 (Níkān) (transliteration)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"title": "\"conventionally dismissed as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation\""
},
"expansion": "\"conventionally dismiss[ed] as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation\"",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmg",
"2": "ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ",
"t": "China"
},
"expansion": "Classical Mongolian ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ (kitad, “China”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "cmg",
"3": "",
"t": "Chinese, Ming Chinese",
"tr": "nanggiyad"
},
"expansion": "Classical Mongolian [script needed] (nanggiyad, “Chinese, Ming Chinese”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "zh",
"3": "南家",
"t": "southern households"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 南家 (“southern households”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "zh",
"3": "漢",
"t": "Han Chinese"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 漢／汉 (hàn, “Han Chinese”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "明漢",
"t": "Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty"
},
"expansion": "明漢 (“Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "tuw-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neg",
"t": "Chinese, bandit, robber",
"tr": "nikan"
},
"expansion": "Negidal [script needed] (nikan, “Chinese, bandit, robber”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ude",
"t": "Chinese, laborer, worker",
"tr": "ningka"
},
"expansion": "Udihe [script needed] (ningka, “Chinese, laborer, worker”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oac",
"t": "slave, servant",
"tr": "n'ingka"
},
"expansion": "Oroch [script needed] (n'ingka, “slave, servant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The etymology is \"conventionally dismiss[ed] as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation\". It was not used in fifteenth-century Jurchen. Speculative suggestions include:\n* Related to Classical Mongolian ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ (kitad, “China”).\n* Corrupted from Classical Mongolian [script needed] (nanggiyad, “Chinese, Ming Chinese”), from Chinese 南家 (“southern households”).\n* Corrupted from unknown element ni- + Chinese 漢／汉 (hàn, “Han Chinese”), perhaps 明漢 (“Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty”), as Manchu transcriptions of foreign words sometimes conflate the initial nasals.\n* Related to native Manchu verbs such as ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ (nikembi, “to lean on, to rely on”) and ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ (nikebumbi, “to prop up, to support”) with the original meaning of \"servant\", the meaning of which transferred to \"Han Chinese\" upon Jurchen/Manchu expansion, during which the conquered Han became subservient to the Manchus. Alexander Vovin considers this sort of semantic shift from a derogatory Proto-Tungusic root most likely, citing Negidal [script needed] (nikan, “Chinese, bandit, robber”), Udihe [script needed] (ningka, “Chinese, laborer, worker”), Oroch [script needed] (n'ingka, “slave, servant”), and other Tungusic forms, and says:\n*: \"Regardless of the phonetic details, the semantic fit seems to be almost perfect: 'robber, slave, servant'—what could be more offensive to an enemy?\"",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nikan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ • (nikan)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Manchu female given names",
"Manchu given names",
"Manchu male given names",
"Manchu unisex given names"
],
"glosses": [
"a unisex given name meaning “Chinese”"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ni.qʰan]",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alexander Vovin"
],
"word": "ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ meaning in All languages combined (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.