"इव" meaning in All languages combined

See इव on Wiktionary

Particle [Hindi]

IPA: /ɪʋ/ [Delhi] Forms: iva [romanization], او [Urdu]
Etymology: Borrowed from Sanskrit इव (iva). Etymology templates: {{bor+|hi|sa|इव}} Borrowed from Sanskrit इव (iva) Head templates: {{hi-particle|tr=iva|ur=او}} इव • (iva) (Urdu spelling او)
  1. (literary) thus Tags: literary
    Sense id: en-इव-hi-particle-xDKz3tzW
  2. as
    Sense id: en-इव-hi-particle-9L-ff8vt
  3. almost
    Sense id: en-इव-hi-particle-lgLuyMoa Categories (other): Hindi entries with incorrect language header, Hindi particles, Hindi terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Disambiguation of Hindi entries with incorrect language header: 6 0 94 0 Disambiguation of Hindi particles: 14 0 86 0 Disambiguation of Hindi terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 11 0 89 0
  4. like
    Sense id: en-इव-hi-particle-yrJkSCi8

Particle [Pali]

Head templates: {{pi-particle}} इव
  1. Devanagari script form of iva (“like, as”) Tags: Devanagari, alt-of Alternative form of: iva (extra: like, as)
    Sense id: en-इव-pi-particle-B-vgv5nN Categories (other): Devanagari script, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Pali entries with incorrect language header, Pali particles, Pali particles in Devanagari script, Pali terms in nonstandard scripts, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 2 0 10 0 48 9 0 7 4 3 18 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 0 8 0 44 11 0 5 3 3 24

Adverb [Sanskrit]

IPA: /i.ʋɐ/ [Vedic], /i.ʋɐ/ [Classical-Sanskrit] Forms: iva [romanization]
Etymology: Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éy. Compare Hittite 𒄿𒉿𒅈 (i-wa-ar /⁠iwar⁠/). Etymology templates: {{der|sa|ine-pro|*éy}} Proto-Indo-European *éy, {{cog|hit|𒄿𒉿𒅈|tr=i-wa-ar|ts=iwar}} Hittite 𒄿𒉿𒅈 (i-wa-ar /⁠iwar⁠/) Head templates: {{head|sa|adverb}} इव • (iva)
  1. like, in the same manner as (in this sense = यथा (yathā), and used correlatively to तथा (tathā))
    Sense id: en-इव-sa-adv-medlS2xl
  2. as it were, as if
    Sense id: en-इव-sa-adv-CAfJZ2eg
  3. in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion)
    Sense id: en-इव-sa-adv-JE7srVYa
  4. nearly, almost, about
    Sense id: en-इव-sa-adv-JouSat7k
  5. so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction:)
    Sense id: en-इव-sa-adv-iD2w41nC
  6. (as a particle) connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb
    Sense id: en-इव-sa-adv-nAIpB7hq Categories (other): Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header: 15 0 28 14 8 36

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "इव"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Sanskrit इव (iva)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sanskrit इव (iva).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "iva",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "او",
      "tags": [
        "Urdu"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "iva",
        "ur": "او"
      },
      "expansion": "इव • (iva) (Urdu spelling او)",
      "name": "hi-particle"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Hindi",
  "lang_code": "hi",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "thus"
      ],
      "id": "en-इव-hi-particle-xDKz3tzW",
      "links": [
        [
          "thus",
          "thus"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) thus"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "as"
      ],
      "id": "en-इव-hi-particle-9L-ff8vt",
      "links": [
        [
          "as",
          "as"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 0 94 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 0 86 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hindi particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 0 89 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hindi terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "almost"
      ],
      "id": "en-इव-hi-particle-lgLuyMoa",
      "links": [
        [
          "almost",
          "almost"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "like"
      ],
      "id": "en-इव-hi-particle-yrJkSCi8",
      "links": [
        [
          "like",
          "like"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪʋ/",
      "tags": [
        "Delhi"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "इव"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "इव",
      "name": "pi-particle"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Pali",
  "lang_code": "pi",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "like, as",
          "word": "iva"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Devanagari script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pali entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pali particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pali particles in Devanagari script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pali terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 0 10 0 48 9 0 7 4 3 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 0 8 0 44 11 0 5 3 3 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Devanagari script form of iva (“like, as”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-इव-pi-particle-B-vgv5nN",
      "links": [
        [
          "iva",
          "iva#Pali"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Devanagari",
        "alt-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "इव"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "इव",
            "lbor": "1",
            "tr": "iva"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindi: इव (iva) (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindi: इव (iva) (learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "iva"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: iva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: iva"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*éy"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *éy",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "𒄿𒉿𒅈",
        "tr": "i-wa-ar",
        "ts": "iwar"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite 𒄿𒉿𒅈 (i-wa-ar /⁠iwar⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éy. Compare Hittite 𒄿𒉿𒅈 (i-wa-ar /⁠iwar⁠/).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "iva",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "इव • (iva)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence,\nhaving ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free then behold this generation of sorrow,\nas a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools below.",
          "ref": "(Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Appamādavaɡɡa, page 32; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya, Colombo, 2009:",
          "roman": "8 Pramādamapramādena yadā nudati paṇḍitaḥ\nPrajñāprasādamāruhya tvaśokaḥ śokinīṃ prajām\nParvatastha iva bhūmiṣṭhān dhīro bālānavekṣate",
          "text": "8. ප්රමාදමප්රමාදෙන යදා නුදති පණ්ඩිතඃ\nප්රඥාප්රසාදමාරුහ්ය ත්වශොකඃ ශොකිනීං ප්රජාම්\nපර්වතස්ථ ඉව භූමිෂ්ඨාන් ධීරො බාලානවෙක්ෂතෙ",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "like, in the same manner as (in this sense = यथा (yathā), and used correlatively to तथा (tathā))"
      ],
      "id": "en-इव-sa-adv-medlS2xl",
      "links": [
        [
          "like",
          "like"
        ],
        [
          "यथा",
          "यथा#Sanskrit"
        ],
        [
          "तथा",
          "तथा#Sanskrit"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "as if on a path",
          "roman": "patheva",
          "text": "पथेव",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "as it were, as if"
      ],
      "id": "en-इव-sa-adv-CAfJZ2eg",
      "links": [
        [
          "as it were",
          "as it were"
        ],
        [
          "as if",
          "as if"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion)"
      ],
      "id": "en-इव-sa-adv-JE7srVYa",
      "links": [
        [
          "little",
          "little"
        ],
        [
          "perhaps",
          "perhaps"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "almost an hour",
          "roman": "muhūrtam iva",
          "text": "मुहूर्तम् इव",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nearly, almost, about"
      ],
      "id": "en-इव-sa-adv-JouSat7k",
      "links": [
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ],
        [
          "almost",
          "almost"
        ],
        [
          "about",
          "about"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "just a little",
          "roman": "īṣad iva",
          "text": "ईषद् इव",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "just a little bit",
          "roman": "kiṃcid iva",
          "text": "किंचिद् इव",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "very soon",
          "roman": "na cirād iva",
          "text": "न चिराद् इव",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction:)"
      ],
      "id": "en-इव-sa-adv-iD2w41nC",
      "links": [
        [
          "so",
          "so"
        ],
        [
          "just so",
          "just so"
        ],
        [
          "just",
          "just"
        ],
        [
          "exactly",
          "exactly"
        ],
        [
          "indeed",
          "indeed"
        ],
        [
          "very",
          "very"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 0 28 14 8 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "what?",
          "roman": "kim iva",
          "text": "किम् इव",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "how could that possibly be?",
          "roman": "katham iva",
          "text": "कथम् इव",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "where, I should like to know?",
          "roman": "kveva",
          "text": "क्वेव",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb"
      ],
      "id": "en-इव-sa-adv-nAIpB7hq",
      "links": [
        [
          "pleonastically",
          "pleonastically#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(as a particle) connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "as a particle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/i.ʋɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i.ʋɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "इव"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
    "Hindi lemmas",
    "Hindi particles",
    "Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
    "Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit",
    "Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Hindi terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "इव"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Sanskrit इव (iva)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sanskrit इव (iva).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "iva",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "او",
      "tags": [
        "Urdu"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "iva",
        "ur": "او"
      },
      "expansion": "इव • (iva) (Urdu spelling او)",
      "name": "hi-particle"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Hindi",
  "lang_code": "hi",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Hindi literary terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "thus"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thus",
          "thus"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) thus"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "as"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "as",
          "as"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "almost"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "almost",
          "almost"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "like"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "like",
          "like"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪʋ/",
      "tags": [
        "Delhi"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "इव"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "इव",
      "name": "pi-particle"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Pali",
  "lang_code": "pi",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "like, as",
          "word": "iva"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Devanagari script",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pali entries with incorrect language header",
        "Pali lemmas",
        "Pali particles",
        "Pali particles in Devanagari script",
        "Pali terms in nonstandard scripts"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Devanagari script form of iva (“like, as”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "iva",
          "iva#Pali"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Devanagari",
        "alt-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "इव"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sanskrit adverbs",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "इव",
            "lbor": "1",
            "tr": "iva"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindi: इव (iva) (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindi: इव (iva) (learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "iva"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: iva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: iva"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*éy"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *éy",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "𒄿𒉿𒅈",
        "tr": "i-wa-ar",
        "ts": "iwar"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite 𒄿𒉿𒅈 (i-wa-ar /⁠iwar⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éy. Compare Hittite 𒄿𒉿𒅈 (i-wa-ar /⁠iwar⁠/).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "iva",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "इव • (iva)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Requests for date",
        "Sanskrit terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence,\nhaving ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free then behold this generation of sorrow,\nas a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools below.",
          "ref": "(Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Appamādavaɡɡa, page 32; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya, Colombo, 2009:",
          "roman": "8 Pramādamapramādena yadā nudati paṇḍitaḥ\nPrajñāprasādamāruhya tvaśokaḥ śokinīṃ prajām\nParvatastha iva bhūmiṣṭhān dhīro bālānavekṣate",
          "text": "8. ප්රමාදමප්රමාදෙන යදා නුදති පණ්ඩිතඃ\nප්රඥාප්රසාදමාරුහ්ය ත්වශොකඃ ශොකිනීං ප්රජාම්\nපර්වතස්ථ ඉව භූමිෂ්ඨාන් ධීරො බාලානවෙක්ෂතෙ",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "like, in the same manner as (in this sense = यथा (yathā), and used correlatively to तथा (tathā))"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "like",
          "like"
        ],
        [
          "यथा",
          "यथा#Sanskrit"
        ],
        [
          "तथा",
          "तथा#Sanskrit"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Sanskrit terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "as if on a path",
          "roman": "patheva",
          "text": "पथेव",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "as it were, as if"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "as it were",
          "as it were"
        ],
        [
          "as if",
          "as if"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "little",
          "little"
        ],
        [
          "perhaps",
          "perhaps"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Sanskrit terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "almost an hour",
          "roman": "muhūrtam iva",
          "text": "मुहूर्तम् इव",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nearly, almost, about"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ],
        [
          "almost",
          "almost"
        ],
        [
          "about",
          "about"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Sanskrit terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "just a little",
          "roman": "īṣad iva",
          "text": "ईषद् इव",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "just a little bit",
          "roman": "kiṃcid iva",
          "text": "किंचिद् इव",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "very soon",
          "roman": "na cirād iva",
          "text": "न चिराद् इव",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction:)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "so",
          "so"
        ],
        [
          "just so",
          "just so"
        ],
        [
          "just",
          "just"
        ],
        [
          "exactly",
          "exactly"
        ],
        [
          "indeed",
          "indeed"
        ],
        [
          "very",
          "very"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Sanskrit terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "what?",
          "roman": "kim iva",
          "text": "किम् इव",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "how could that possibly be?",
          "roman": "katham iva",
          "text": "कथम् इव",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "where, I should like to know?",
          "roman": "kveva",
          "text": "क्वेव",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pleonastically",
          "pleonastically#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(as a particle) connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "as a particle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/i.ʋɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i.ʋɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "इव"
}

Download raw JSONL data for इव meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.