See گردش on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gardeš kardan",
"word": "گردش کردن"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گرد",
"3": "ـش",
"pos1": "present stem",
"t1": "to turn",
"tr1": "gard",
"tr2": "-eš"
},
"expansion": "گرد (gard, “to turn”, present stem) + ـش (-eš)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From گرد (gard, “to turn”, present stem) + ـش (-eš).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gardeš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "گردشت",
"roman": "gardešt",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"11": "",
"12": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "gardeš",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "گردش • (gardeš)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "gardeš"
},
"expansion": "گردش • (gardeš)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 8 8 20 8 7 10 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 9 8 19 8 7 10 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 16 5 33 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 15 6 33 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms suffixed with ـش",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
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[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_literal_offsets": [
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0,
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]
],
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6
]
],
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17,
23
],
[
46,
50
],
[
64,
68
]
],
"english": "no left turn",
"literal_meaning": "turn to left forbidden",
"roman": "gardeš be čap mamnu'",
"text": "گردش به چپ ممنوع",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"turn; turning"
],
"id": "en-گردش-fa-noun-GFsLzWFZ",
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"turning",
"turning"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 15 6 33 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms suffixed with ـش",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
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],
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0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
32
],
[
70,
78
]
],
"english": "the Earth’s rotation around the Sun",
"roman": "gardeš-e zamin be dowr-e xoršid",
"text": "گردشِ زمین به دورِ خورشید",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rotation; revolution"
],
"id": "en-گردش-fa-noun-QApPEfQE",
"links": [
[
"rotation",
"rotation"
],
[
"revolution",
"revolution"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
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{
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14
]
],
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4,
10
]
],
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[
14,
20
],
[
26,
37
]
],
"english": "in circulation",
"roman": "dar gardeš",
"text": "در گردش",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
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10,
16
]
],
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[
26,
32
],
[
39,
50
]
],
"english": "circulatory system of blood",
"roman": "dastgâh-e gardeš-e xun",
"text": "دستگاه گردش خون",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circulation"
],
"id": "en-گردش-fa-noun-cPGUcEfJ",
"links": [
[
"circulation",
"circulation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 8 8 20 8 7 10 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 9 8 19 8 7 10 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 15 6 33 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms suffixed with ـش",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"walk, stroll, promenade"
],
"id": "en-گردش-fa-noun-u1wu3sp5",
"links": [
[
"walk",
"walk"
],
[
"stroll",
"stroll"
],
[
"promenade",
"promenade"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"vicissitude"
],
"id": "en-گردش-fa-noun-gAROcNu0",
"links": [
[
"vicissitude",
"vicissitude"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡaɾ.ˈdiʃ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäɾ.d̪ɪ́ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäɾ.d̪ɪ́ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäɾ.d̪ɪ́ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäɾ.d̪íʃ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʲæɹ.d̪éʃ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäɾ.d̪íʃ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"audio": "Fa-گردش.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/Fa-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4.ogg/Fa-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Fa-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4.ogg"
}
],
"word": "گردش"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "گردش",
"tr": "gardiš"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian گردش (gardiš)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Persian گردش (gardiš).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gardiś",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "गर्दिश",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"hi": "गर्दिश",
"tr": "gardiś"
},
"expansion": "گردش • (gardiś) f (Hindi spelling गर्दिश)",
"name": "ur-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rotation"
],
"id": "en-گردش-ur-noun-IkYQ8QKJ",
"links": [
[
"rotation",
"rotation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 8 8 20 8 7 10 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 9 8 19 8 7 10 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 76 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"revolution"
],
"id": "en-گردش-ur-noun-cLYUT65N",
"links": [
[
"revolution",
"revolution"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"circulation"
],
"id": "en-گردش-ur-noun-cPGUcEfJ",
"links": [
[
"circulation",
"circulation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"vicissitude"
],
"id": "en-گردش-ur-noun-gAROcNu0",
"links": [
[
"vicissitude",
"vicissitude"
]
]
}
],
"word": "گردش"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian terms suffixed with ـش",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "gardeš kardan",
"word": "گردش کردن"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گرد",
"3": "ـش",
"pos1": "present stem",
"t1": "to turn",
"tr1": "gard",
"tr2": "-eš"
},
"expansion": "گرد (gard, “to turn”, present stem) + ـش (-eš)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From گرد (gard, “to turn”, present stem) + ـش (-eš).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gardeš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "گردشت",
"roman": "gardešt",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"11": "",
"12": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "gardeš",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "گردش • (gardeš)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "gardeš"
},
"expansion": "گردش • (gardeš)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
23
],
[
46,
50
],
[
64,
68
]
],
"english": "no left turn",
"literal_meaning": "turn to left forbidden",
"roman": "gardeš be čap mamnu'",
"text": "گردش به چپ ممنوع",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"turn; turning"
],
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"turning",
"turning"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
12,
20
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
32
],
[
70,
78
]
],
"english": "the Earth’s rotation around the Sun",
"roman": "gardeš-e zamin be dowr-e xoršid",
"text": "گردشِ زمین به دورِ خورشید",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rotation; revolution"
],
"links": [
[
"rotation",
"rotation"
],
[
"revolution",
"revolution"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
14
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
20
],
[
26,
37
]
],
"english": "in circulation",
"roman": "dar gardeš",
"text": "در گردش",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
32
],
[
39,
50
]
],
"english": "circulatory system of blood",
"roman": "dastgâh-e gardeš-e xun",
"text": "دستگاه گردش خون",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circulation"
],
"links": [
[
"circulation",
"circulation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"walk, stroll, promenade"
],
"links": [
[
"walk",
"walk"
],
[
"stroll",
"stroll"
],
[
"promenade",
"promenade"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"vicissitude"
],
"links": [
[
"vicissitude",
"vicissitude"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡaɾ.ˈdiʃ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäɾ.d̪ɪ́ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäɾ.d̪ɪ́ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäɾ.d̪ɪ́ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäɾ.d̪íʃ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʲæɹ.d̪éʃ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäɾ.d̪íʃ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"audio": "Fa-گردش.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/Fa-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4.ogg/Fa-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Fa-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4.ogg"
}
],
"word": "گردش"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"Urdu feminine nouns",
"Urdu lemmas",
"Urdu nouns",
"Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian",
"Urdu terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "گردش",
"tr": "gardiš"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian گردش (gardiš)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Persian گردش (gardiš).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gardiś",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "गर्दिश",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"hi": "गर्दिश",
"tr": "gardiś"
},
"expansion": "گردش • (gardiś) f (Hindi spelling गर्दिश)",
"name": "ur-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rotation"
],
"links": [
[
"rotation",
"rotation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"revolution"
],
"links": [
[
"revolution",
"revolution"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"circulation"
],
"links": [
[
"circulation",
"circulation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"vicissitude"
],
"links": [
[
"vicissitude",
"vicissitude"
]
]
}
],
"word": "گردش"
}
Download raw JSONL data for گردش meaning in All languages combined (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.