See دروغ on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "دروغ",
"tr": "durōġ"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian دروغ (durōġ)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Persian دروغ (durōġ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "droğ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "droğ"
},
"expansion": "دروغ • (droğ) f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"tr": "droğ"
},
"expansion": "دروغ • (droğ) f",
"name": "ps-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Pashto",
"lang_code": "ps",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lie"
],
"id": "en-دروغ-ps-noun-yLGho-a8",
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pashto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"falsehood"
],
"id": "en-دروغ-ps-noun-yMjhxJWf",
"links": [
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/d̪roɣ/"
},
{
"audio": "دروغ.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA.ogg/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ʊrwɑɣ/",
"note": "Kunduz"
},
{
"audio": "دورغ-کندوز.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA-%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2.ogg/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA-%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA-%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2.ogg"
}
],
"word": "دروغ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "दरोग़"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: दरोग़ (daroġ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: दरोग़ (daroġ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "دَروغ"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: دَروغ (daroġ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: دَروغ (daroġ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "தரோகா",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tamil: தரோகா (tarōkā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tamil: தரோகா (tarōkā)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "KDBA"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian KDBA",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"3": "𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥",
"tr": "drauga"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥 (drauga)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*dráwgah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *dráwgah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*dʰráwgʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰráwgʰas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrówgʰos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Betrug"
},
"expansion": "German Betrug",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bedrog"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bedrog",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dream"
},
"expansion": "English dream",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian KDBA / dlwb' (drō(g)), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥 (drauga), from Proto-Iranian *dráwgah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰráwgʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos, from *dʰrewgʰ-. Compare German Betrug, Dutch bedrog, both “deception”. Also related with English dream.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "durōġ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "doruġ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "دروغها",
"roman": "durōġ-hā /doruġ-hâ",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "دوروغ",
"roman": "duruġ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Tehrani",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"11": "",
"12": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "دروغها",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1tr": "durōġ-hā /doruġ-hâ",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "durōġ /doruġ",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "دروغ • (durōġ /doruġ) (plural دروغها (durōġ-hā /doruġ-hâ))",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "دروغها",
"pltr": "durōġ-hā /doruġ-hâ",
"tr": "durōġ /doruġ"
},
"expansion": "دروغ • (durōġ /doruġ) (plural دروغها (durōġ-hā /doruġ-hâ))",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "durōġ bāftan / doruġ bâftan",
"word": "دروغ بافتن"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "durōġ guftan / doruġ goftan",
"word": "دروغ گفتن"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "durōġgō / doruġgu",
"word": "دروغگو"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "durōġīn / doruġin",
"word": "دروغین"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lie"
],
"id": "en-دروغ-fa-noun-yLGho-a8",
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"untruth"
],
"id": "en-دروغ-fa-noun-XQmucmC-",
"links": [
[
"untruth",
"untruth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 18 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 30 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"falsehood"
],
"id": "en-دروغ-fa-noun-yMjhxJWf",
"links": [
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[du.ˈɾoːɣ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊ.ɾóːɣ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊ.ɾóːɣ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊ.ɾóːɣ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪u.ɾʊ́ːɣ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪o.ɹúːɢ̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪o.ɹúːɢ̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪uː.ɹúːɢ̥]",
"tags": [
"Tehrani"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪u.ɾɵ́ʁ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9168 (fas)-Darafsh-دروغ.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "دروغ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pashto entries with incorrect language header",
"Pashto feminine nouns",
"Pashto lemmas",
"Pashto nouns",
"Pashto terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"Pashto terms derived from Classical Persian"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "دروغ",
"tr": "durōġ"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian دروغ (durōġ)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Persian دروغ (durōġ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "droğ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "droğ"
},
"expansion": "دروغ • (droğ) f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"tr": "droğ"
},
"expansion": "دروغ • (droğ) f",
"name": "ps-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Pashto",
"lang_code": "ps",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lie"
],
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"falsehood"
],
"links": [
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/d̪roɣ/"
},
{
"audio": "دروغ.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA.ogg/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ʊrwɑɣ/",
"note": "Kunduz"
},
{
"audio": "دورغ-کندوز.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA-%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2.ogg/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA-%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA-%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2.ogg"
}
],
"word": "دروغ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Old Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Old Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "दरोग़"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: दरोग़ (daroġ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: दरोग़ (daroġ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "دَروغ"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: دَروغ (daroġ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: دَروغ (daroġ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "தரோகா",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tamil: தரோகா (tarōkā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tamil: தரோகா (tarōkā)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "KDBA"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian KDBA",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"3": "𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥",
"tr": "drauga"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥 (drauga)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*dráwgah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *dráwgah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*dʰráwgʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰráwgʰas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrówgʰos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Betrug"
},
"expansion": "German Betrug",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bedrog"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bedrog",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dream"
},
"expansion": "English dream",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian KDBA / dlwb' (drō(g)), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥 (drauga), from Proto-Iranian *dráwgah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰráwgʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos, from *dʰrewgʰ-. Compare German Betrug, Dutch bedrog, both “deception”. Also related with English dream.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "durōġ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "doruġ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "دروغها",
"roman": "durōġ-hā /doruġ-hâ",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "دوروغ",
"roman": "duruġ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Tehrani",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"11": "",
"12": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "دروغها",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1tr": "durōġ-hā /doruġ-hâ",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "durōġ /doruġ",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "دروغ • (durōġ /doruġ) (plural دروغها (durōġ-hā /doruġ-hâ))",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "دروغها",
"pltr": "durōġ-hā /doruġ-hâ",
"tr": "durōġ /doruġ"
},
"expansion": "دروغ • (durōġ /doruġ) (plural دروغها (durōġ-hā /doruġ-hâ))",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "durōġ bāftan / doruġ bâftan",
"word": "دروغ بافتن"
},
{
"roman": "durōġ guftan / doruġ goftan",
"word": "دروغ گفتن"
},
{
"roman": "durōġgō / doruġgu",
"word": "دروغگو"
},
{
"roman": "durōġīn / doruġin",
"word": "دروغین"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lie"
],
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"untruth"
],
"links": [
[
"untruth",
"untruth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"falsehood"
],
"links": [
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[du.ˈɾoːɣ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊ.ɾóːɣ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊ.ɾóːɣ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊ.ɾóːɣ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪u.ɾʊ́ːɣ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪o.ɹúːɢ̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪o.ɹúːɢ̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪uː.ɹúːɢ̥]",
"tags": [
"Tehrani"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪u.ɾɵ́ʁ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9168 (fas)-Darafsh-دروغ.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "دروغ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for دروغ meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.