"јарбол" meaning in All languages combined

See јарбол on Wiktionary

Noun [Macedonian]

IPA: [ˈjarbɔɫ] Audio: LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-јарбол.wav
Etymology: From Latin arbor (“tree”). Etymology templates: {{der|mk|la|arbor|t=tree}} Latin arbor (“tree”) Head templates: {{mk-noun|m}} јарбол • (jarbol) m Inflection templates: {{mk-decl-noun-m}}, {{mk-decl-noun-table|accel-gender=m|col_pl=|col_pl2=|col_sg=јарболје|col_sg2=|count=јарбола|def_dist_pl=јарболине|def_dist_sg=јарболон|def_prox_pl=јарболиве|def_prox_sg=јарболов|def_unsp_pl=јарболите|def_unsp_sg=јарболот|ind_pl=јарболи|ind_sg=јарбол|n=|voc_pl=јарболи|voc_sg=јарболу|voc_sg2=}} Forms: jarbol [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], јарбол [indefinite, singular], јарболи [indefinite, plural], јарболот [definite, singular, unspecified], јарболите [definite, plural, unspecified], јарболов [definite, proximal, singular], јарболиве [definite, plural, proximal], јарболон [definite, distal, singular], јарболине [definite, distal, plural], јарболу [singular, vocative], јарболи [plural, vocative], - [count-form, singular], јарбола [count-form, plural]
  1. mast (ship) Categories (topical): Nautical
    Sense id: en-јарбол-mk-noun-K7ZdPO3t Categories (other): Macedonian entries with incorrect language header

Noun [Serbo-Croatian]

IPA: /jâːrbol/
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin arbor (“tree”), whence also Dalmatian juarbol. Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|sh|la|arbor||tree|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Latin arbor (“tree”), {{bor+|sh|la|arbor|t=tree}} Borrowed from Latin arbor (“tree”), {{cog|dlm|juarbol}} Dalmatian juarbol Head templates: {{sh-noun|g=m|head=ја̑рбол}} ја̑рбол m (Latin spelling jȃrbol) Inflection templates: {{sh-decl-noun|јарбол|јарболи|јарбола|јарбола|јарболу|јарболима|јарбол|јарболе|јарболе|јарболи|јарболу|јарболима|јарболом|јарболима}} Forms: ја̑рбол [canonical, masculine], jȃrbol [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], јарбол [nominative, singular], јарболи [nominative, plural], јарбола [genitive, singular], јарбола [genitive, plural], јарболу [dative, singular], јарболима [dative, plural], јарбол [accusative, singular], јарболе [accusative, plural], јарболе [singular, vocative], јарболи [plural, vocative], јарболу [locative, singular], јарболима [locative, plural], јарболом [instrumental, singular], јарболима [instrumental, plural]
  1. mast (of a ship)
    Sense id: en-јарбол-sh-noun-DgURo3b2
  2. flagpole, flagstaff Categories (topical): Flags, Ship parts
    Sense id: en-јарбол-sh-noun-PqUdoQTG Disambiguation of Flags: 5 95 Disambiguation of Ship parts: 41 59 Categories (other): Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header: 3 97

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for јарбол meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "arbor",
        "t": "tree"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin arbor (“tree”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin arbor (“tree”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jarbol",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарбол",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболи",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболот",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular",
        "unspecified"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболите",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "unspecified"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболов",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "proximal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболиве",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "proximal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболон",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "distal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболине",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "distal",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболу",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболи",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "count-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарбола",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "count-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "јарбол • (jarbol) m",
      "name": "mk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "accel-gender": "m",
        "col_pl": "",
        "col_pl2": "",
        "col_sg": "јарболје",
        "col_sg2": "",
        "count": "јарбола",
        "def_dist_pl": "јарболине",
        "def_dist_sg": "јарболон",
        "def_prox_pl": "јарболиве",
        "def_prox_sg": "јарболов",
        "def_unsp_pl": "јарболите",
        "def_unsp_sg": "јарболот",
        "ind_pl": "јарболи",
        "ind_sg": "јарбол",
        "n": "",
        "voc_pl": "јарболи",
        "voc_sg": "јарболу",
        "voc_sg2": ""
      },
      "name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Macedonian",
  "lang_code": "mk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "mk",
          "name": "Nautical",
          "orig": "mk:Nautical",
          "parents": [
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mast (ship)"
      ],
      "id": "en-јарбол-mk-noun-K7ZdPO3t",
      "links": [
        [
          "mast",
          "mast"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈjarbɔɫ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-јарбол.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "јарбол"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "arbor",
        "4": "",
        "5": "tree",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin arbor (“tree”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "arbor",
        "t": "tree"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin arbor (“tree”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dlm",
        "2": "juarbol"
      },
      "expansion": "Dalmatian juarbol",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin arbor (“tree”), whence also Dalmatian juarbol.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ја̑рбол",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jȃrbol",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарбол",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболи",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарбола",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарбола",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболу",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболима",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарбол",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболе",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболе",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболи",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболу",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболима",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболом",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболима",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "head": "ја̑рбол"
      },
      "expansion": "ја̑рбол m (Latin spelling jȃrbol)",
      "name": "sh-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "јар‧бол"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "јарбол",
        "10": "јарболи",
        "11": "јарболу",
        "12": "јарболима",
        "13": "јарболом",
        "14": "јарболима",
        "2": "јарболи",
        "3": "јарбола",
        "4": "јарбола",
        "5": "јарболу",
        "6": "јарболима",
        "7": "јарбол",
        "8": "јарболе",
        "9": "јарболе"
      },
      "name": "sh-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "lang_code": "sh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "mast (of a ship)"
      ],
      "id": "en-јарбол-sh-noun-DgURo3b2",
      "links": [
        [
          "mast",
          "mast"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 97",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 95",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "sh",
          "name": "Flags",
          "orig": "sh:Flags",
          "parents": [
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "sh",
          "name": "Ship parts",
          "orig": "sh:Ship parts",
          "parents": [
            "Nautical",
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "flagpole, flagstaff"
      ],
      "id": "en-јарбол-sh-noun-PqUdoQTG",
      "links": [
        [
          "flagpole",
          "flagpole"
        ],
        [
          "flagstaff",
          "flagstaff"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/jâːrbol/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "јарбол"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "sh:Flags",
    "sh:Ship parts"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "arbor",
        "t": "tree"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin arbor (“tree”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin arbor (“tree”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jarbol",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарбол",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболи",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболот",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular",
        "unspecified"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболите",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "unspecified"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболов",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "proximal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболиве",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "proximal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболон",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "distal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболине",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "distal",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболу",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболи",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "count-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарбола",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "count-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "јарбол • (jarbol) m",
      "name": "mk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "accel-gender": "m",
        "col_pl": "",
        "col_pl2": "",
        "col_sg": "јарболје",
        "col_sg2": "",
        "count": "јарбола",
        "def_dist_pl": "јарболине",
        "def_dist_sg": "јарболон",
        "def_prox_pl": "јарболиве",
        "def_prox_sg": "јарболов",
        "def_unsp_pl": "јарболите",
        "def_unsp_sg": "јарболот",
        "ind_pl": "јарболи",
        "ind_sg": "јарбол",
        "n": "",
        "voc_pl": "јарболи",
        "voc_sg": "јарболу",
        "voc_sg2": ""
      },
      "name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Macedonian",
  "lang_code": "mk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian 2-syllable words",
        "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Macedonian lemmas",
        "Macedonian masculine nouns",
        "Macedonian nouns",
        "Macedonian paroxytone terms",
        "Macedonian terms derived from Latin",
        "Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Macedonian terms with audio links",
        "mk:Nautical"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mast (ship)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mast",
          "mast"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈjarbɔɫ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-јарбол.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "јарбол"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
    "Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
    "Serbo-Croatian nouns",
    "Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from Latin",
    "Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Latin",
    "Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "sh:Flags",
    "sh:Ship parts"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "arbor",
        "4": "",
        "5": "tree",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin arbor (“tree”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "arbor",
        "t": "tree"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin arbor (“tree”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dlm",
        "2": "juarbol"
      },
      "expansion": "Dalmatian juarbol",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin arbor (“tree”), whence also Dalmatian juarbol.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ја̑рбол",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jȃrbol",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарбол",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболи",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарбола",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарбола",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболу",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболима",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарбол",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболе",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболе",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболи",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболу",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболима",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболом",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "јарболима",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "head": "ја̑рбол"
      },
      "expansion": "ја̑рбол m (Latin spelling jȃrbol)",
      "name": "sh-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "јар‧бол"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "јарбол",
        "10": "јарболи",
        "11": "јарболу",
        "12": "јарболима",
        "13": "јарболом",
        "14": "јарболима",
        "2": "јарболи",
        "3": "јарбола",
        "4": "јарбола",
        "5": "јарболу",
        "6": "јарболима",
        "7": "јарбол",
        "8": "јарболе",
        "9": "јарболе"
      },
      "name": "sh-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "lang_code": "sh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "mast (of a ship)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mast",
          "mast"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "flagpole, flagstaff"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "flagpole",
          "flagpole"
        ],
        [
          "flagstaff",
          "flagstaff"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/jâːrbol/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "јарбол"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.