See хрен on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хрѣнъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic хрѣнъ (xrěnŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хрѣнъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хрѣнъ (xrěnŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xrěnъ",
"t": "horseradish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ (“horseradish”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хрѣнъ (xrěnŭ)?, from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ (“horseradish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xren",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хрена́^*",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хрено́вый",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́н",
"roman": "xrén",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"roman": "xrény",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"roman": "xréna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"roman": "xrénov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ну",
"roman": "xrénu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нам",
"roman": "xrénam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́н",
"roman": "xrén",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"roman": "xrény",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ном",
"roman": "xrénom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нами",
"roman": "xrénami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́не",
"roman": "xréne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нах",
"roman": "xrénax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "хрено́вый",
"gen_sg": "хре́на,хрена́*",
"notes": "* See usage notes."
},
"expansion": "хрен • (xren) m inan (genitive хре́на or хрена́^*, nominative plural хре́ны, genitive plural хре́нов, relational adjective хрено́вый) (* See usage notes.)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Crucifers",
"orig": "ru:Crucifers",
"parents": [
"Brassicales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "ru:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Spices and herbs",
"orig": "ru:Spices and herbs",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 31 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 31 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 30 25 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian intensifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular genitive singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 27 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
"parents": [
"Nouns with multiple animacies",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "'Have you any sucking-pig?' was the question Tchitchikov addressed to the woman.\n'Yes, we have.'\n'With horse-radish and sour cream?'\n'Yes, with horse-radish and sour cream.'\n'Let me have some!'",
"ref": "1842, Николай Гоголь [Nikolai Gogol], “Том I, Глава IV”, in Мёртвые души; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., Dead Souls, London: Chatto & Windus, 1922:",
"roman": "Porosjónok jestʹ? — s takím voprósom obratílsja Číčikov k stojávšej bábe.\n— Jestʹ.\n— S xrénom i so smetánoju?\n— S xrénom i so smetánoju.\n— Daváj jevó sjudá!",
"text": "Поросё́нок есть? — с таки́м вопро́сом обрати́лся Чи́чиков к стоя́вшей ба́бе.\n— Есть.\n— С хре́ном и со смета́ною?\n— С хре́ном и со смета́ною.\n— Дава́й его́ сюда́!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"horseradish (plant, condiment)"
],
"id": "en-хрен-ru-noun-DaiB6trc",
"links": [
[
"horseradish",
"horseradish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xrʲen]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хрен.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xrěn",
"word": "хрѣнъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "хрен"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xrenóvina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хрено́вина"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xrenoténʹ",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хреноте́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xrenʹ",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хрень"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xrenovúxa",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хренову́ха"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xrénov",
"word": "хре́нов"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xrenóvyj",
"word": "хрено́вый"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "oxrenevátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "охренева́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "oxrenétʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "охрене́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xren s gorý",
"word": "хрен с горы́"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Euphemistic alteration of хуй (xuj, a vulgar curse) or хер (xer, a less vulgar version), influenced by the noun хрен (xren, “horseradish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xren",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хрено́вый",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́н",
"roman": "xrén",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"roman": "xrény",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрена́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xréna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xrená",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"roman": "xrénov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ну",
"roman": "xrénu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нам",
"roman": "xrénam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрена́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xréna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xrená",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"roman": "xrénov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́н",
"roman": "xrén",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"roman": "xrény",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ном",
"roman": "xrénom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нами",
"roman": "xrénami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́не",
"roman": "xréne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нах",
"roman": "xrénax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "ia",
"adj": "хрено́вый"
},
"expansion": "хрен • (xren) m inan or m anim (genitive хре́на, nominative plural хре́ны, genitive plural хре́нов, relational adjective хрено́вый)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Russian minced oaths",
"parents": [
"Minced oaths",
"Euphemisms",
"Figures of speech",
"Rhetoric",
"Language",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 31 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 31 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 30 25 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian intensifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular genitive singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 27 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
"parents": [
"Nouns with multiple animacies",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I understand bugger-all about how to put this together.",
"roman": "Ni xrená ne ponimáju, kak éto sobrátʹ.",
"text": "Ни хрена́ не понима́ю, как э́то собра́ть. (note the stress)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "What the hell did he come for?",
"roman": "Kakóvo xréna on prišól?",
"text": "Како́го хре́на он пришёл? (note the stress)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Nuts to you!",
"roman": "Xrén tebé!",
"text": "Хре́н тебе́! (note the stress)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prick (penis); used as a general curse and intensifier: crap, hell, nuts"
],
"id": "en-хрен-ru-noun-rEMLaRz6",
"links": [
[
"minced oath",
"minced oath"
],
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"intensifier",
"Appendix:Glossary#intensifier"
],
[
"crap",
"crap"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
],
[
"nuts",
"nuts"
]
],
"qualifier": "minced oath",
"raw_glosses": [
"(inanimate, minced oath, colloquial) prick (penis); used as a general curse and intensifier: crap, hell, nuts"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"vulgar"
],
"word": "хуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"vulgar"
],
"word": "хер"
},
{
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "шиш"
},
{
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "фиг"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 23 31 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 31 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 26 40 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 30 25 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian intensifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 18 53 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular genitive singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 27 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
"parents": [
"Nouns with multiple animacies",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prick, asshole (a term of contempt for a man)"
],
"id": "en-хрен-ru-noun-wBaUAwa2",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"asshole",
"asshole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(animate, derogatory, colloquial) prick, asshole (a term of contempt for a man)"
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"colloquial",
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 23 31 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 31 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 30 25 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian intensifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 21 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular genitive singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 27 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
"parents": [
"Nouns with multiple animacies",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old fart"
],
"id": "en-хрен-ru-noun-0R0yS75p",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"old fart",
"old fart"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(animate, derogatory, colloquial) old fart"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "хрыч"
},
{
"word": "ста́рый хрыч"
}
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"colloquial",
"derogatory"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xrʲen]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хрен.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xrěn",
"word": "хрѣнъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "хрен"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xrěnъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xrěnъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "хре̏н",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "hrȅn",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun-unc\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "хре̏н",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрѐна",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрену",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрен",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрене",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "хрену",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хреном",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "хре̏н"
},
"expansion": "хре̏н m (Latin spelling hrȅn)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "хре̏н",
"2": "хрѐна",
"3": "хрену",
"4": "хрен",
"5": "хрене",
"6": "хрену",
"7": "хреном"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Crucifers",
"orig": "sh:Crucifers",
"parents": [
"Brassicales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Spices and herbs",
"orig": "sh:Spices and herbs",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"horseradish"
],
"id": "en-хрен-sh-noun-gIPA1UAx",
"links": [
[
"horseradish",
"horseradish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xrên/"
}
],
"word": "хрен"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian animate nouns",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian intensifiers",
"Russian irregular nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian nouns with irregular genitive singular",
"Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
"Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хрѣнъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic хрѣнъ (xrěnŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хрѣнъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хрѣнъ (xrěnŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xrěnъ",
"t": "horseradish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ (“horseradish”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хрѣнъ (xrěnŭ)?, from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ (“horseradish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xren",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хрена́^*",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хрено́вый",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́н",
"roman": "xrén",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"roman": "xrény",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"roman": "xréna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"roman": "xrénov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ну",
"roman": "xrénu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нам",
"roman": "xrénam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́н",
"roman": "xrén",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"roman": "xrény",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ном",
"roman": "xrénom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нами",
"roman": "xrénami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́не",
"roman": "xréne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нах",
"roman": "xrénax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "хрено́вый",
"gen_sg": "хре́на,хрена́*",
"notes": "* See usage notes."
},
"expansion": "хрен • (xren) m inan (genitive хре́на or хрена́^*, nominative plural хре́ны, genitive plural хре́нов, relational adjective хрено́вый) (* See usage notes.)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with quotations",
"ru:Crucifers",
"ru:Male people",
"ru:Spices and herbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "'Have you any sucking-pig?' was the question Tchitchikov addressed to the woman.\n'Yes, we have.'\n'With horse-radish and sour cream?'\n'Yes, with horse-radish and sour cream.'\n'Let me have some!'",
"ref": "1842, Николай Гоголь [Nikolai Gogol], “Том I, Глава IV”, in Мёртвые души; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., Dead Souls, London: Chatto & Windus, 1922:",
"roman": "Porosjónok jestʹ? — s takím voprósom obratílsja Číčikov k stojávšej bábe.\n— Jestʹ.\n— S xrénom i so smetánoju?\n— S xrénom i so smetánoju.\n— Daváj jevó sjudá!",
"text": "Поросё́нок есть? — с таки́м вопро́сом обрати́лся Чи́чиков к стоя́вшей ба́бе.\n— Есть.\n— С хре́ном и со смета́ною?\n— С хре́ном и со смета́ною.\n— Дава́й его́ сюда́!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"horseradish (plant, condiment)"
],
"links": [
[
"horseradish",
"horseradish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xrʲen]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хрен.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "xrěn",
"word": "хрѣнъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "хрен"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian animate nouns",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian intensifiers",
"Russian irregular nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian nouns with irregular genitive singular",
"Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "xrenóvina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хрено́вина"
},
{
"roman": "xrenoténʹ",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хреноте́нь"
},
{
"roman": "xrenʹ",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хрень"
},
{
"roman": "xrenovúxa",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хренову́ха"
},
{
"roman": "xrénov",
"word": "хре́нов"
},
{
"roman": "xrenóvyj",
"word": "хрено́вый"
},
{
"roman": "oxrenevátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "охренева́ть"
},
{
"roman": "oxrenétʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "охрене́ть"
},
{
"roman": "xren s gorý",
"word": "хрен с горы́"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Euphemistic alteration of хуй (xuj, a vulgar curse) or хер (xer, a less vulgar version), influenced by the noun хрен (xren, “horseradish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xren",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хрено́вый",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́н",
"roman": "xrén",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"roman": "xrény",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрена́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xréna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xrená",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"roman": "xrénov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ну",
"roman": "xrénu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нам",
"roman": "xrénam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрена́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xréna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xrená",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"roman": "xrénov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́н",
"roman": "xrén",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"roman": "xrény",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ном",
"roman": "xrénom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нами",
"roman": "xrénami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́не",
"roman": "xréne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нах",
"roman": "xrénax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "ia",
"adj": "хрено́вый"
},
"expansion": "хрен • (xren) m inan or m anim (genitive хре́на, nominative plural хре́ны, genitive plural хре́нов, relational adjective хрено́вый)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Russian colloquialisms",
"Russian minced oaths",
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I understand bugger-all about how to put this together.",
"roman": "Ni xrená ne ponimáju, kak éto sobrátʹ.",
"text": "Ни хрена́ не понима́ю, как э́то собра́ть. (note the stress)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "What the hell did he come for?",
"roman": "Kakóvo xréna on prišól?",
"text": "Како́го хре́на он пришёл? (note the stress)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Nuts to you!",
"roman": "Xrén tebé!",
"text": "Хре́н тебе́! (note the stress)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prick (penis); used as a general curse and intensifier: crap, hell, nuts"
],
"links": [
[
"minced oath",
"minced oath"
],
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"intensifier",
"Appendix:Glossary#intensifier"
],
[
"crap",
"crap"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
],
[
"nuts",
"nuts"
]
],
"qualifier": "minced oath",
"raw_glosses": [
"(inanimate, minced oath, colloquial) prick (penis); used as a general curse and intensifier: crap, hell, nuts"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"vulgar"
],
"word": "хуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"vulgar"
],
"word": "хер"
},
{
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "шиш"
},
{
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "фиг"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian colloquialisms",
"Russian derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"prick, asshole (a term of contempt for a man)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"asshole",
"asshole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(animate, derogatory, colloquial) prick, asshole (a term of contempt for a man)"
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"colloquial",
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian colloquialisms",
"Russian derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"old fart"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"old fart",
"old fart"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(animate, derogatory, colloquial) old fart"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "хрыч"
},
{
"word": "ста́рый хрыч"
}
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"colloquial",
"derogatory"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xrʲen]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хрен.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "xrěn",
"word": "хрѣнъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "хрен"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xrěnъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
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"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xrěnъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "хре̏н",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "hrȅn",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun-unc\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "хре̏н",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрѐна",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрену",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрен",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрене",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "хрену",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хреном",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "хре̏н"
},
"expansion": "хре̏н m (Latin spelling hrȅn)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "хре̏н",
"2": "хрѐна",
"3": "хрену",
"4": "хрен",
"5": "хрене",
"6": "хрену",
"7": "хреном"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"sh:Crucifers",
"sh:Spices and herbs"
],
"glosses": [
"horseradish"
],
"links": [
[
"horseradish",
"horseradish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xrên/"
}
],
"word": "хрен"
}
Download raw JSONL data for хрен meaning in All languages combined (14.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ('genitive',): 'хрена́^*' in 'хрен • (xren) m inan (genitive хре́на or хрена́^*, nominative plural хре́ны, genitive plural хре́нов, relational adjective хрено́вый) (* See usage notes.)'",
"path": [
"хрен"
],
"section": "Russian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "хрен",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: * See usage notes.",
"path": [
"хрен"
],
"section": "Russian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "хрен",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.