See твърд on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrdъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*twírˀtas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*twerH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *twerH-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tvǎrd",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдо",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "твърд",
"roman": "tvǎrd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рда",
"roman": "tvǎ́rda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдо",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рди",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдият",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdijat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдата",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдото",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдите",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдия",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдата",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдото",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдите",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рд",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рда",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдо",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рди",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдият",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdijat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдата",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдото",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдите",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдия",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдата",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдото",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдите",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"objective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рд",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рда",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдо",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рди",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдият",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdijat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"subjective",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдата",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"subjective",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдото",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"subjective",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдите",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"subjective",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдия",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдата",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"objective",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдото",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"objective",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдите",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "твърд",
"adv": "твъ́рдо"
},
"expansion": "твърд • (tvǎrd) (adverb твъ́рдо)",
"name": "bg-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "твърд<>"
},
"name": "bg-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 4 4 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 7 7 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 6 6 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, firm"
],
"id": "en-твърд-bg-adj-adttkl9j",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tvɤrt]"
}
],
"word": "твърд"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrdь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tvьrdь",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *tvьrdь.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tvǎrd",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "твърд",
"roman": "tvǎrd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "твърдта́",
"roman": "tvǎrdtá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "твърд",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "твърд • (tvǎrd) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "obsolescent"
},
"expansion": "(obsolescent)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "твърд<(f)/n:sg>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"earth"
],
"id": "en-твърд-bg-noun-e3S0GKNS",
"links": [
[
"earth",
"earth"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sky"
],
"id": "en-твърд-bg-noun-BfUU-ufK",
"links": [
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fortress, stronghold"
],
"id": "en-твърд-bg-noun-~DmGDPTX",
"links": [
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tvɤrt]"
}
],
"word": "твърд"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian adjectives",
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine nouns",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bulgarian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrdъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*twírˀtas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*twerH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *twerH-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tvǎrd",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдо",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "твърд",
"roman": "tvǎrd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рда",
"roman": "tvǎ́rda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдо",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рди",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдият",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdijat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдата",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдото",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдите",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдия",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдата",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдото",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "твъ́рдите",
"roman": "tvǎ́rdite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рд",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рда",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдо",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рди",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдият",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdijat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдата",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдото",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдите",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдия",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдата",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдото",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "по́-твъ́рдите",
"roman": "pó-tvǎ́rdite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"objective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рд",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рда",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдо",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рди",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдият",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdijat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"subjective",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдата",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"subjective",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдото",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"subjective",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдите",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"subjective",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдия",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдата",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"objective",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдото",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"objective",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "на́й-твъ́рдите",
"roman": "náj-tvǎ́rdite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "твърд",
"adv": "твъ́рдо"
},
"expansion": "твърд • (tvǎrd) (adverb твъ́рдо)",
"name": "bg-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "твърд<>"
},
"name": "bg-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard, firm"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tvɤrt]"
}
],
"word": "твърд"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine nouns",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bulgarian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrdь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tvьrdь",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *tvьrdь.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tvǎrd",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "твърд",
"roman": "tvǎrd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "твърдта́",
"roman": "tvǎrdtá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "твърд",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "твърд • (tvǎrd) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "obsolescent"
},
"expansion": "(obsolescent)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "твърд<(f)/n:sg>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"earth"
],
"links": [
[
"earth",
"earth"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sky"
],
"links": [
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fortress, stronghold"
],
"links": [
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tvɤrt]"
}
],
"word": "твърд"
}
Download raw JSONL data for твърд meaning in All languages combined (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.