See павлака on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pavolka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pavolka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "па-",
"3": "*volka",
"lang2": "sla-pro",
"t2": "sludge, condensate, condense vapor"
},
"expansion": "па- (pa-) + Proto-Slavic *volka (“sludge, condensate, condense vapor”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *pavolka, *pavolga. Morphologically formed as па- (pa-) + Proto-Slavic *volka (“sludge, condensate, condense vapor”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "па́влака",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pávlaka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "па́влачен",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "па́влака",
"roman": "pávlaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "па́влаки",
"roman": "pávlaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "па́влаката",
"roman": "pávlakata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "па́влаките",
"roman": "pávlakite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "па́влага",
"roman": "pávlaga",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "па́влака",
"2": "f",
"adj": "па́влачен"
},
"expansion": "па́влака • (pávlaka) f (relational adjective па́влачен)",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "па́влака<>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "cloud",
"roman": "óblak",
"word": "о́блак"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "cataract",
"roman": "perdé",
"word": "перде́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "cataract",
"roman": "hlǎ́pka",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "хлъ́пка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ečemík",
"word": "ечеми́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "stye",
"roman": "metálka",
"word": "мета́лка"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms prefixed with па-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sour cream"
],
"id": "en-павлака-bg-noun-xGgzccBZ",
"links": [
[
"sour cream",
"sour cream"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal, archaic) sour cream"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "каймак"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms prefixed with па-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "bg",
"name": "Diseases",
"orig": "bg:Diseases",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"staphyloma (eye disease)"
],
"id": "en-павлака-bg-noun-4V14rqKJ",
"links": [
[
"staphyloma",
"staphyloma"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) staphyloma (eye disease)"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpavɫɐkɐ]"
}
],
"word": "павлака"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pavlaka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "павлака",
"roman": "pavlaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "павлаки",
"roman": "pavlaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "павлаката",
"roman": "pavlakata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "павлаките",
"roman": "pavlakite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "павлакава",
"roman": "pavlakava",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "павлакиве",
"roman": "pavlakive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "павлакана",
"roman": "pavlakana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "павлакине",
"roman": "pavlakine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "павлако",
"roman": "pavlako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "павлаки",
"roman": "pavlaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "павлака • (pavlaka) f",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "павлак"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "павлакје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "павлакине",
"def_dist_sg": "павлакана",
"def_prox_pl": "павлакиве",
"def_prox_sg": "павлакава",
"def_unsp_pl": "павлаките",
"def_unsp_sg": "павлаката",
"ind_pl": "павлаки",
"ind_sg": "павлака",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "павлаки",
"voc_sg": "павлако"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mk",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "mk:Foods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sour cream"
],
"id": "en-павлака-mk-noun-xGgzccBZ",
"links": [
[
"sour cream",
"sour cream"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpavɫaka]"
}
],
"word": "павлака"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine nouns",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms prefixed with па-",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"bg:Diseases"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pavolka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pavolka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "па-",
"3": "*volka",
"lang2": "sla-pro",
"t2": "sludge, condensate, condense vapor"
},
"expansion": "па- (pa-) + Proto-Slavic *volka (“sludge, condensate, condense vapor”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *pavolka, *pavolga. Morphologically formed as па- (pa-) + Proto-Slavic *volka (“sludge, condensate, condense vapor”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "па́влака",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pávlaka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "па́влачен",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "па́влака",
"roman": "pávlaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "па́влаки",
"roman": "pávlaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "па́влаката",
"roman": "pávlakata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "па́влаките",
"roman": "pávlakite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "па́влага",
"roman": "pávlaga",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "па́влака",
"2": "f",
"adj": "па́влачен"
},
"expansion": "па́влака • (pávlaka) f (relational adjective па́влачен)",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "па́влака<>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "cloud",
"roman": "óblak",
"word": "о́блак"
},
{
"english": "cataract",
"roman": "perdé",
"word": "перде́"
},
{
"english": "cataract",
"roman": "hlǎ́pka",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "хлъ́пка"
},
{
"roman": "ečemík",
"word": "ечеми́к"
},
{
"english": "stye",
"roman": "metálka",
"word": "мета́лка"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian dialectal terms",
"Bulgarian terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"sour cream"
],
"links": [
[
"sour cream",
"sour cream"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal, archaic) sour cream"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "каймак"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"staphyloma (eye disease)"
],
"links": [
[
"staphyloma",
"staphyloma"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) staphyloma (eye disease)"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpavɫɐkɐ]"
}
],
"word": "павлака"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pavlaka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "павлака",
"roman": "pavlaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "павлаки",
"roman": "pavlaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "павлаката",
"roman": "pavlakata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "павлаките",
"roman": "pavlakite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "павлакава",
"roman": "pavlakava",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "павлакиве",
"roman": "pavlakive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "павлакана",
"roman": "pavlakana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "павлакине",
"roman": "pavlakine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "павлако",
"roman": "pavlako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "павлаки",
"roman": "pavlaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "павлака • (pavlaka) f",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "павлак"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "павлакје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "павлакине",
"def_dist_sg": "павлакана",
"def_prox_pl": "павлакиве",
"def_prox_sg": "павлакава",
"def_unsp_pl": "павлаките",
"def_unsp_sg": "павлаката",
"ind_pl": "павлаки",
"ind_sg": "павлака",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "павлаки",
"voc_sg": "павлако"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 3-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian feminine nouns",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian nouns",
"Macedonian proparoxytone terms",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"mk:Foods"
],
"glosses": [
"sour cream"
],
"links": [
[
"sour cream",
"sour cream"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpavɫaka]"
}
],
"word": "павлака"
}
Download raw JSONL data for павлака meaning in All languages combined (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.