крутина in All languages combined

IPA: [krotiˈna] Forms: крутина́ [canonical], krutiná [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], крутина́ [indefinite, singular], крутини́ [indefinite, plural], крутина́та [definite, singular], крутини́те [definite, plural] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: крут (krut, “coarse, rough, abrupt”) + -ина (-ina). Cognate with Lithuanian krantìnė (“embankment”). Etymology templates: {{affix|bg|крут|-ина|t1=coarse, rough, abrupt}} крут (krut, “coarse, rough, abrupt”) + -ина (-ina), {{cog|lt|krantìnė||embankment}} Lithuanian krantìnė (“embankment”) Head templates: {{bg-noun|крутина́|f}} крутина́ • (krutiná) f, {{tlb|bg|dialectal}} (dialectal) Inflection templates: {{bg-ndecl|крутина́<>}}

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "крут",
        "3": "-ина",
        "t1": "coarse, rough, abrupt"
      },
      "expansion": "крут (krut, “coarse, rough, abrupt”) + -ина (-ina)",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "krantìnė",
        "3": "",
        "4": "embankment"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian krantìnė (“embankment”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "крут (krut, “coarse, rough, abrupt”) + -ина (-ina). Cognate with Lithuanian krantìnė (“embankment”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "крутина́",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krutiná",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bg-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "крутина́",
      "roman": "krutiná",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "крутини́",
      "roman": "krutiní",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "крутина́та",
      "roman": "krutináta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "крутини́те",
      "roman": "krutiníte",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "крутина́",
        "2": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "крутина́ • (krutiná) f",
      "name": "bg-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "dialectal"
      },
      "expansion": "(dialectal)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "крутина́<>"
      },
      "name": "bg-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bulgarian",
  "lang_code": "bg",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "severity",
      "roman": "krútost",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "кру́тост"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ина",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "94 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "95 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "coarseness, roughness; rugged terrane or surface"
      ],
      "id": "en-крутина-bg-noun-edggUUWJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "coarseness",
          "coarseness"
        ],
        [
          "roughness",
          "roughness"
        ],
        [
          "rugged",
          "rugged"
        ],
        [
          "terrane",
          "terrane"
        ],
        [
          "surface",
          "surface"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rough, austere person"
      ],
      "id": "en-крутина-bg-noun-hJxnYwOg",
      "links": [
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "austere",
          "austere"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(substantivized) rough, austere person"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[krotiˈna]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "крутина"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Bulgarian dialectal terms",
    "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Bulgarian feminine nouns",
    "Bulgarian lemmas",
    "Bulgarian nouns",
    "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ина",
    "Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "крут",
        "3": "-ина",
        "t1": "coarse, rough, abrupt"
      },
      "expansion": "крут (krut, “coarse, rough, abrupt”) + -ина (-ina)",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "krantìnė",
        "3": "",
        "4": "embankment"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian krantìnė (“embankment”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "крут (krut, “coarse, rough, abrupt”) + -ина (-ina). Cognate with Lithuanian krantìnė (“embankment”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "крутина́",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krutiná",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bg-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "крутина́",
      "roman": "krutiná",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "крутини́",
      "roman": "krutiní",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "крутина́та",
      "roman": "krutináta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "крутини́те",
      "roman": "krutiníte",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "крутина́",
        "2": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "крутина́ • (krutiná) f",
      "name": "bg-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "dialectal"
      },
      "expansion": "(dialectal)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "крутина́<>"
      },
      "name": "bg-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bulgarian",
  "lang_code": "bg",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "severity",
      "roman": "krútost",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "кру́тост"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "coarseness, roughness; rugged terrane or surface"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "coarseness",
          "coarseness"
        ],
        [
          "roughness",
          "roughness"
        ],
        [
          "rugged",
          "rugged"
        ],
        [
          "terrane",
          "terrane"
        ],
        [
          "surface",
          "surface"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rough, austere person"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "austere",
          "austere"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(substantivized) rough, austere person"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[krotiˈna]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "крутина"
}

Download raw JSONL data for крутина meaning in All languages combined (2.4kB)

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: substantivized",
  "path": [
    "крутина"
  ],
  "section": "Bulgarian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "крутина",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: substantivized",
  "path": [
    "крутина"
  ],
  "section": "Bulgarian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "крутина",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"крутина" meaning in All languages combined

Noun [Bulgarian]