See камшик on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "qwm",
"3": "قمچی",
"tr": "kamçı"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak قمچی (kamçı)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "камчи́я",
"3": "камджи́я",
"nocap": "1",
"t2": "whip"
},
"expansion": "doublet of камчи́я (kamčíja) and камджи́я (kamdžíja, “whip”)",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "قامچی",
"tr": "kamçı"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish قامچی (kamçı)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Considered to derive from a -çık diminutive formation of Kipchak قمچی (kamçı), قمشی (kamşı), so a doublet of камчи́я (kamčíja) and камджи́я (kamdžíja, “whip”), forms that have come from Ottoman Turkish قامچی (kamçı), and probably hybridized into камши́я (kamšíja), камши́е (kamšíe).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "камши́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kamšík",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́че",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́к",
"roman": "kamšík",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́ци",
"roman": "kamšíci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́кът",
"roman": "kamšíkǎt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́ците",
"roman": "kamšícite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́ка",
"roman": "kamšíka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́ците",
"roman": "kamšícite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́ка",
"roman": "kamšíka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "камчи́к",
"roman": "kamčík",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "камжи́к",
"roman": "kamžík",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "камджи́к",
"roman": "kamdžík",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "камши́к",
"2": "m",
"dim": "камши́че"
},
"expansion": "камши́к • (kamšík) m (diminutive камши́че)",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "камши́к<>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 27 23 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 27 23 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "bg",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "bg:Tools",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "bg",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "bg:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"whip"
],
"id": "en-камшик-bg-noun-6u7vAXDs",
"links": [
[
"whip",
"whip"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "bg",
"name": "Rose family plants",
"orig": "bg:Rose family plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 27 23 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 27 23 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "bg",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "bg:Tools",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "bg",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "bg:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"agrimony"
],
"id": "en-камшик-bg-noun-IsHAQT31",
"links": [
[
"agrimony",
"agrimony"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɐmˈʃik]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-камшик.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ik"
}
],
"word": "камшик"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "bg",
"3": "камши́к"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian камши́к (kamšík)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "qwm",
"3": "قمچی",
"tr": "kamçı"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak قمچی (kamçı)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare to Bulgarian камши́к (kamšík), which is considered to derive from a -çık diminutive formation of Kipchak قمچی (kamçı).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kamšik",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "камшици",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "камшиче",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "камшик",
"roman": "kamšik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "камшици",
"roman": "kamšici",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "камшикот",
"roman": "kamšikot",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "камшиците",
"roman": "kamšicite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "камшиков",
"roman": "kamšikov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "камшициве",
"roman": "kamšicive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "камшикон",
"roman": "kamšikon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "камшицине",
"roman": "kamšicine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "камшику",
"roman": "kamšiku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "камшици",
"roman": "kamšici",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "камшика",
"roman": "kamšika",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "камшици",
"dim": "камшиче"
},
"expansion": "камшик • (kamšik) m (plural камшици, diminutive камшиче)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "камшиц",
"p": "1"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"accel-gender": "m",
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "камшикје",
"col_sg2": "",
"count": "камшика",
"def_dist_pl": "камшицине",
"def_dist_sg": "камшикон",
"def_prox_pl": "камшициве",
"def_prox_sg": "камшиков",
"def_unsp_pl": "камшиците",
"def_unsp_sg": "камшикот",
"ind_pl": "камшици",
"ind_sg": "камшик",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "камшици",
"voc_sg": "камшику",
"voc_sg2": ""
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 27 23 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 27 23 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mk",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "mk:Tools",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mk",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "mk:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"whip"
],
"id": "en-камшик-mk-noun-6u7vAXDs",
"links": [
[
"whip",
"whip"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "бич"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mk",
"name": "Rose family plants",
"orig": "mk:Rose family plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 27 23 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 27 23 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mk",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "mk:Tools",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mk",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "mk:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"agrimony"
],
"id": "en-камшик-mk-noun-IsHAQT31",
"links": [
[
"agrimony",
"agrimony"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "петровец"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkamʃik]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-камшик.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f2/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f2/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "камшик"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian doublets",
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian masculine nouns",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms borrowed from Kipchak",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Kipchak",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/ik",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/ik/2 syllables",
"bg:Tools",
"bg:Weapons",
"mk:Tools",
"mk:Weapons"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "qwm",
"3": "قمچی",
"tr": "kamçı"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak قمچی (kamçı)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "камчи́я",
"3": "камджи́я",
"nocap": "1",
"t2": "whip"
},
"expansion": "doublet of камчи́я (kamčíja) and камджи́я (kamdžíja, “whip”)",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "قامچی",
"tr": "kamçı"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish قامچی (kamçı)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Considered to derive from a -çık diminutive formation of Kipchak قمچی (kamçı), قمشی (kamşı), so a doublet of камчи́я (kamčíja) and камджи́я (kamdžíja, “whip”), forms that have come from Ottoman Turkish قامچی (kamçı), and probably hybridized into камши́я (kamšíja), камши́е (kamšíe).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "камши́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kamšík",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́че",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́к",
"roman": "kamšík",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́ци",
"roman": "kamšíci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́кът",
"roman": "kamšíkǎt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́ците",
"roman": "kamšícite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́ка",
"roman": "kamšíka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́ците",
"roman": "kamšícite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "камши́ка",
"roman": "kamšíka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "камчи́к",
"roman": "kamčík",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "камжи́к",
"roman": "kamžík",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "камджи́к",
"roman": "kamdžík",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "камши́к",
"2": "m",
"dim": "камши́че"
},
"expansion": "камши́к • (kamšík) m (diminutive камши́че)",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "камши́к<>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"whip"
],
"links": [
[
"whip",
"whip"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"bg:Rose family plants"
],
"glosses": [
"agrimony"
],
"links": [
[
"agrimony",
"agrimony"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɐmˈʃik]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-камшик.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ik"
}
],
"word": "камшик"
}
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 2-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian masculine nouns",
"Macedonian nouns",
"Macedonian nouns with final palatalization in their plural forms",
"Macedonian paroxytone terms",
"Macedonian terms borrowed from Bulgarian",
"Macedonian terms derived from Bulgarian",
"Macedonian terms derived from Kipchak",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"mk:Tools",
"mk:Weapons"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "bg",
"3": "камши́к"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian камши́к (kamšík)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "qwm",
"3": "قمچی",
"tr": "kamçı"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak قمچی (kamçı)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare to Bulgarian камши́к (kamšík), which is considered to derive from a -çık diminutive formation of Kipchak قمچی (kamçı).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kamšik",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "камшици",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "камшиче",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "камшик",
"roman": "kamšik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "камшици",
"roman": "kamšici",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "камшикот",
"roman": "kamšikot",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "камшиците",
"roman": "kamšicite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "камшиков",
"roman": "kamšikov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "камшициве",
"roman": "kamšicive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "камшикон",
"roman": "kamšikon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "камшицине",
"roman": "kamšicine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "камшику",
"roman": "kamšiku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "камшици",
"roman": "kamšici",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "камшика",
"roman": "kamšika",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "камшици",
"dim": "камшиче"
},
"expansion": "камшик • (kamšik) m (plural камшици, diminutive камшиче)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "камшиц",
"p": "1"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"accel-gender": "m",
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "камшикје",
"col_sg2": "",
"count": "камшика",
"def_dist_pl": "камшицине",
"def_dist_sg": "камшикон",
"def_prox_pl": "камшициве",
"def_prox_sg": "камшиков",
"def_unsp_pl": "камшиците",
"def_unsp_sg": "камшикот",
"ind_pl": "камшици",
"ind_sg": "камшик",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "камшици",
"voc_sg": "камшику",
"voc_sg2": ""
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"whip"
],
"links": [
[
"whip",
"whip"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "бич"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"mk:Rose family plants"
],
"glosses": [
"agrimony"
],
"links": [
[
"agrimony",
"agrimony"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "петровец"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkamʃik]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-камшик.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f2/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f2/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BA.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "камшик"
}
Download raw JSONL data for камшик meaning in All languages combined (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.