See заря on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zarjovac",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зарйовац"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ozarjovac",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "озарйовац"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*zařà",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *zařà",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*zařà"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zařà",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "záře"
},
"expansion": "Czech záře",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "zora"
},
"expansion": "Slovak zora",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru,uk",
"2": "заря"
},
"expansion": "Russian and Ukrainian заря (zarja)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zařà. Cognates include Czech záře, Slovak zora, Russian and Ukrainian заря (zarja).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "zarja",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "зарйочка",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "заря",
"roman": "zarja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зарї",
"roman": "zarji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зарї",
"roman": "zarji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зарйох",
"roman": "zarjox",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зарї",
"roman": "zarji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зарйом",
"roman": "zarjom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зарю",
"roman": "zarju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зарї",
"roman": "zarji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зарю",
"roman": "zarju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зарями",
"roman": "zarjami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зарї",
"roman": "zarji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зарйох",
"roman": "zarjox",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зарйо",
"roman": "zarjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "зарї",
"roman": "zarji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "noun",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"29": "",
"3": "diminutive",
"30": "",
"31": "",
"32": "",
"33": "",
"34": "",
"35": "",
"36": "",
"37": "",
"38": "",
"4": "зарйочка",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "заря (zarja) f (diminutive зарйочка)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "зарйочка"
},
"expansion": "заря (zarja) f (diminutive зарйочка)",
"name": "rsk-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"за‧ря"
],
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "rsk",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "rsk:Light",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ray, beam"
],
"id": "en-заря-rsk-noun-RyqET2kp",
"links": [
[
"ray",
"ray"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"poetic"
],
"word": "луч"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pannonian Rusyn entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "rsk",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "rsk:Light",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gleam"
],
"id": "en-заря-rsk-noun-An3MIMft",
"links": [
[
"gleam",
"gleam"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "зарйованє"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈzarja]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-arja"
}
],
"word": "заря"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*zořa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *zořa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*zořa"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zořa",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zořa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "заря́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "zarjá",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "зари́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́ри",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зорь",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́рька",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́ренька",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "soft-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-d",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "заря́",
"roman": "zarjá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́ри",
"roman": "zóri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зари́",
"roman": "zarí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́рь",
"roman": "zórʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "заре́",
"roman": "zaré",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́рям",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "заря́м",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zórjam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zarjám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зарю́",
"roman": "zarjú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́ри",
"roman": "zóri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зарёй",
"roman": "zarjój",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зарёю",
"roman": "zarjóju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́рями",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "заря́ми",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zórjami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zarjámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "заре́",
"roman": "zaré",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́рях",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "заря́х",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "zórjax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "zarjáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "soft-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-d",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "заря́",
"roman": "zarjá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́ри",
"roman": "zóri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"irregular",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зари́",
"roman": "zarí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́рь",
"roman": "zórʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"genitive",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зарѣ́",
"roman": "zarě́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́рям",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "заря́м",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zórjam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zarjám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зарю́",
"roman": "zarjú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́ри",
"roman": "zóri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зарёй",
"roman": "zarjój",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зарёю",
"roman": "zarjóju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́рями",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "заря́ми",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zórjami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zarjámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "зарѣ́",
"roman": "zarě́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "зо́рях",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"irregular",
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "заря́х",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "zórjax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"irregular",
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "zarjáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "d",
"2": "заря́",
"3": "",
"4": "зор",
"dat_pl": "зо́рям,заря́м*",
"dim": "зо́рька",
"dim2": "зо́ренька",
"ins_pl": "зо́рями,заря́ми*",
"notes": "* Archaic.",
"pre_pl": "зо́рях,заря́х*"
},
"expansion": "заря́ • (zarjá) f inan (genitive зари́, nominative plural зо́ри, genitive plural зорь, diminutive зо́рька or зо́ренька)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zárevo",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "за́рево"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zarníca",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "зарни́ца"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zarjánka",
"tags": [
"animate",
"feminine"
],
"word": "заря́нка"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "ru:Light",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Sun",
"orig": "ru:Sun",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"english": "at the earliest stage, at the beginning",
"literal_meaning": "at the dawn",
"roman": "na zaré",
"text": "на заре́",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
5,
9
],
[
13,
17
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
3,
7
],
[
11,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
],
[
12,
17
]
],
"english": "from morning to night, from dawn to dusk",
"literal_meaning": "from dawn to dawn",
"roman": "ot zarí do zarí",
"text": "от зари́ до зари́",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
52,
56
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"english": "It was still cold in the morning, especially before dawn, and to someone who wants to sleep it feels even colder.",
"ref": "1880, Николай Лесков [Nikolai Leskov], “Глава шестая”, in Несмертельный Голован; English translation from Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, transl., Deathless Golovan, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013:",
"roman": "Býlo ješčó xólodno, osóbenno péred zarjóju, po utrám, a komú spatʹ xóčetsja, tomú ješčó xolodnéje kážetsja.",
"text": "Бы́ло ещё хо́лодно, осо́бенно пе́ред зарёю, по утра́м, а кому́ спать хо́чется, тому́ ещё холодне́е ка́жется.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dawn, daybreak"
],
"id": "en-заря-ru-noun-XBSoQpPp",
"links": [
[
"dawn",
"dawn"
],
[
"daybreak",
"daybreak"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dusk, nightfall"
],
"id": "en-заря-ru-noun-T3L4xZgv",
"links": [
[
"dusk",
"dusk"
],
[
"nightfall",
"nightfall"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "ru:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reveille"
],
"id": "en-заря-ru-noun-uiqaYAKy",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"reveille",
"reveille"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) reveille"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "ru:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tattoo, retreat"
],
"id": "en-заря-ru-noun-9DcL0XbH",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"tattoo",
"tattoo"
],
[
"retreat",
"retreat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) tattoo, retreat"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"outset, start"
],
"id": "en-заря-ru-noun-vSprDt2L",
"links": [
[
"outset",
"outset"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 7 11 6 4 6 6 55 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 7 4 3 4 4 70 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 3 12 5 57 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
"form": "заря́х",
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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},
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{
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},
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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],
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{
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7
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9
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]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"english": "It was still cold in the morning, especially before dawn, and to someone who wants to sleep it feels even colder.",
"ref": "1880, Николай Лесков [Nikolai Leskov], “Глава шестая”, in Несмертельный Голован; English translation from Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, transl., Deathless Golovan, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013:",
"roman": "Býlo ješčó xólodno, osóbenno péred zarjóju, po utrám, a komú spatʹ xóčetsja, tomú ješčó xolodnéje kážetsja.",
"text": "Бы́ло ещё хо́лодно, осо́бенно пе́ред зарёю, по утра́м, а кому́ спать хо́чется, тому́ ещё холодне́е ка́жется.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dawn, daybreak"
],
"links": [
[
"dawn",
"dawn"
],
[
"daybreak",
"daybreak"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dusk, nightfall"
],
"links": [
[
"dusk",
"dusk"
],
[
"nightfall",
"nightfall"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ru:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"reveille"
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"reveille",
"reveille"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) reveille"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ru:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"tattoo, retreat"
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"tattoo",
"tattoo"
],
[
"retreat",
"retreat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) tattoo, retreat"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"outset, start"
],
"links": [
[
"outset",
"outset"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Zarya (module of the International Space Station)"
],
"links": [
[
"International Space Station",
"International Space Station"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Zarya (type of Soviet directional mediumwave broadcasting antenna)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zɐˈrʲa]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-заря.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/Ru-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F.ogg/Ru-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Ru-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ru:заря"
],
"word": "заря"
}
Download raw JSONL data for заря meaning in All languages combined (14.4kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"заря"
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"section": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "заря",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"заря"
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"section": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "заря",
"trace": ""
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{
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"section": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "заря",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"path": [
"заря"
],
"section": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "заря",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"заря"
],
"section": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "заря",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
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"path": [
"заря"
],
"section": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "заря",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"заря"
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"section": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "заря",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"заря"
],
"section": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "заря",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"path": [
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"section": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "заря",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"заря"
],
"section": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "заря",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"заря"
],
"section": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "заря",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"заря"
],
"section": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "заря",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"заря"
],
"section": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "заря",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"заря"
],
"section": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "заря",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.