See градъ on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "vŭzgraždenije",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "възграждениѥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gradĭnikŭ",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "градьникъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ograda",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ограда"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "prigradŭ",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "приградъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "svętŭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "свѧтъ градъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "vŭzgraditi",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "възградити"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "vŭzgraždati",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "възграждати"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "graditi",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "градити"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zagraditi",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "заградити"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ograditi",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "оградити"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zagradĭnŭ",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "заградьнъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gradĭsky",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "градьскꙑ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "grad",
"word": "град"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "grad",
"word": "град"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "hrad",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "град"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "hrad",
"word": "град"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"archaic or poetic"
],
"roman": "hrad",
"word": "град"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "hrad",
"word": "градъ"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"archaic or poetic"
],
"roman": "grad",
"word": "град"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "gradŭ",
"word": "градъ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "grade",
"word": "граде"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu:"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gȏrdъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gȏrdъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*gárdas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʰordʰ-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰordʰ-os",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yard"
},
"expansion": "English yard",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰordʰ-os, from *gʰerdʰ-. Cognate with English yard.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gradŭ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "градьць",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "градьнъ",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "градьскъ",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "градъ",
"roman": "gradŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "града",
"roman": "grada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "гради",
"roman": "gradi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "града",
"roman": "grada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "градоу",
"roman": "gradu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "градъ",
"roman": "gradŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градоу",
"roman": "gradu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "градома",
"roman": "gradoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "градомъ",
"roman": "gradomŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градъ",
"roman": "gradŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "града",
"roman": "grada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "градꙑ",
"roman": "grady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градомъ",
"roman": "gradomŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "градома",
"roman": "gradoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "градꙑ",
"roman": "grady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градѣ",
"roman": "gradě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "градоу",
"roman": "gradu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "градѣхъ",
"roman": "graděxŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "граде",
"roman": "grade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "града",
"roman": "grada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "гради",
"roman": "gradi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ⰳⱃⰰⰴⱏ",
"roman": "gradŭ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Glagolitic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "noun",
"3": "diminutive",
"4": "градьць",
"5": "related adjective",
"6": "градьнъ",
"7": "or",
"8": "градьскъ",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "градъ • (gradŭ) m (diminutive градьць, related adjective градьнъ or градьскъ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"гра",
"дъ"
]
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Church Slavonic terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
16,
20
]
],
"english": "(a man) without home",
"roman": "bez grada",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "без града",
"translation": "(a man) without home",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
16
],
[
17,
21
]
],
"english": "village and town/city",
"roman": "vĭsĭ i gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "вьсь и градъ",
"translation": "village and town/city",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "city of Konya/Iconium",
"roman": "ikoniiskŭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "икониискъ градъ",
"translation": "city of Konya/Iconium",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "city of Isauria",
"roman": "isavrĭskŭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "исаѵрьскъ градъ",
"translation": "city of Isauria",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "city of Constantinople",
"roman": "konstantinʹĭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "константин҄ь градъ",
"translation": "city of Constantinople",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "city of Nicaea",
"roman": "nikʹjeiskŭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "ник҄еискъ градъ",
"translation": "city of Nicaea",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
10
],
[
11,
15
]
],
"english": "Roman town/city",
"roman": "rimĭskŭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "римьскъ градъ",
"translation": "Roman town/city",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
14
],
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "abandoned town/city",
"roman": "pustŭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "поустъ градъ",
"translation": "abandoned town/city",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"english": "imperial seat",
"roman": "cěsarĭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "цѣсарь градъ",
"translation": "imperial seat",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
31,
36
]
],
"english": "And Jesus went through all the towns and villages",
"ref": "11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 9:35:",
"roman": "῾I proxoždaše is:ŭ grady vĭsę i vĭsi ·",
"text": "῾Ⰺ ⱂⱃⱁⱈⱁⰶⰴⰰⱎⰵ ⰻⱄ҃ⱏ ⰳⱃⰰⰴⱏⰹ ⰲⱐⱄⱔ ⰻ ⰲⱐⱄⰻ ·",
"translation": "And Jesus went through all the towns and villages",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
46,
50
]
],
"english": "he led them by a straight way to an inhabited city",
"ref": "11th century, Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 106:7:",
"roman": "navede ję na pǫtŭ pravŭ • vŭniti vŭ gradŭ obitělĭnŷi",
"text": "(please add the Glagolitic text of this quotation)",
"translation": "he led them by a straight way to an inhabited city",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"town, city (settlement)"
],
"id": "en-градъ-cu-noun-VYFx7XPx",
"links": [
[
"town",
"town"
],
[
"city",
"city"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "остоꙗниѥ"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "Then the whole town went out to meet Jesus",
"ref": "11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 8:34:",
"roman": "i se vesĭ gradŭ izidǫ protivǫ is:vi",
"text": "ⰺ ⱄⰵ ⰲⰵⱄⱐ ⰳⱃⰰⰴⱏ ⰻⰸⰻⰴⱘ ⱂⱃⱁⱅⰻⰲⱘ ⰻⱄ҃ⰲⰻ ·",
"translation": "Then the whole town went out to meet Jesus",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"town, city (people living in town, city)"
],
"id": "en-градъ-cu-noun-dNaV9Tlm",
"links": [
[
"town",
"town"
],
[
"city",
"city"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 24 64 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Church Slavonic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 23 65 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Church Slavonic singularia tantum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 25 65 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 24 67 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 36 13 29",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cu",
"name": "Atmospheric phenomena",
"orig": "cu:Atmospheric phenomena",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 25 42 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cu",
"name": "Cities",
"orig": "cu:Cities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 22 58 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cu",
"name": "Towns",
"orig": "cu:Towns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 19 64 4 11",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "cu",
"name": "Places",
"orig": "cu:Places",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
45,
55
]
],
"english": "that Saturninus had a village outside of the city walls",
"ref": "11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 204, line 9:",
"roman": "satorninŭ že iměaše selo vĭně grada",
"text": "саторнинъ же имѣаше село вьнѣ града",
"translation": "that Saturninus had a village outside of the city walls",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"city walls"
],
"id": "en-градъ-cu-noun--iaKCws5",
"links": [
[
"city wall",
"city wall"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
28
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
30
]
],
"english": "Didn’t I see you in the garden?",
"ref": "11th century, Sava's book (in Old Cyrillic), Gospel of John 18:26:",
"roman": "ne azŭ li tę viděxŭ vŭ gradě",
"text": "не азъ ли тѧ видѣхъ въ градѣ",
"translation": "Didn’t I see you in the garden?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"english": "that in the garden there will be no figs or any trees because of the great heat and dryness",
"ref": "11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 301, line 11:",
"roman": "jakože vŭ gradě ni smoky bǫdetŭ· ni dǫbŭ nikakŭže mnogyję radi toploty i suxoty·",
"text": "ꙗкоже въ градѣ ни смокꙑ бѫдетъ· ни дѫбъ никакъже многꙑѧ ради топлотꙑ и соухотꙑ·",
"translation": "that in the garden there will be no figs or any trees because of the great heat and dryness",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"garden, park (outdoor area containing one or more types of plants)"
],
"id": "en-градъ-cu-noun-xotD3C6u",
"links": [
[
"garden",
"garden"
],
[
"park",
"park"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "врьтъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrɑdʊ/"
}
],
"word": "градъ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "grad",
"word": "град"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "grad",
"word": "град"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gràdъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gràdъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gràdъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gràdъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*greh₃d-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grandō"
},
"expansion": "Latin grandō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "grúodas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian grúodas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կարկուտ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gràdъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d-. Cognate with Latin grandō, Lithuanian grúodas and Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gradŭ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "градъ",
"roman": "gradŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "града",
"roman": "grada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градоу",
"roman": "gradu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градъ",
"roman": "gradŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градомъ",
"roman": "gradomŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градѣ",
"roman": "gradě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "граде",
"roman": "grade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sc": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "градъ • (gradŭ) m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "градъ • (gradŭ) m",
"name": "cu-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"гра",
"дъ"
]
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cu",
"name": "Meteorology",
"orig": "cu:Meteorology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 5 0 92",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cu",
"name": "Ice",
"orig": "cu:Ice",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cu",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "cu:Weather",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
34,
38
]
],
"english": "he destroyed their vineyards with hail",
"ref": "11th century, Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 77:47:",
"roman": "izbi gradomĭ vina ixŭ",
"text": "(please add the Glagolitic text of this quotation)",
"translation": "he destroyed their vineyards with hail",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hail (balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation)"
],
"id": "en-градъ-cu-noun-A4qkOOD1",
"links": [
[
"meteorology",
"meteorology"
],
[
"hail",
"hail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(meteorology) hail (balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrɑdʊ/"
}
],
"word": "градъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Church Slavonic entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Church Slavonic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Church Slavonic hard o-stem nouns",
"Old Church Slavonic lemmas",
"Old Church Slavonic masculine nouns",
"Old Church Slavonic nouns",
"Old Church Slavonic singularia tantum",
"Old Church Slavonic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Church Slavonic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Church Slavonic terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Church Slavonic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰerdʰ-",
"Old Church Slavonic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Church Slavonic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Church Slavonic terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"cu:Atmospheric phenomena",
"cu:Cities",
"cu:Ice",
"cu:Places",
"cu:Towns",
"cu:Weather"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "vŭzgraždenije",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "възграждениѥ"
},
{
"roman": "gradĭnikŭ",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "градьникъ"
},
{
"roman": "ograda",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ограда"
},
{
"roman": "prigradŭ",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "приградъ"
},
{
"roman": "svętŭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "свѧтъ градъ"
},
{
"roman": "vŭzgraditi",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "възградити"
},
{
"roman": "vŭzgraždati",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "възграждати"
},
{
"roman": "graditi",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "градити"
},
{
"roman": "zagraditi",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "заградити"
},
{
"roman": "ograditi",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "оградити"
},
{
"roman": "zagradĭnŭ",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "заградьнъ"
},
{
"roman": "gradĭsky",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "градьскꙑ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "grad",
"word": "град"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "grad",
"word": "град"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "hrad",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "град"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "hrad",
"word": "град"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"archaic or poetic"
],
"roman": "hrad",
"word": "град"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "hrad",
"word": "градъ"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"archaic or poetic"
],
"roman": "grad",
"word": "град"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "gradŭ",
"word": "градъ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "grade",
"word": "граде"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu:"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gȏrdъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gȏrdъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*gárdas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʰordʰ-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰordʰ-os",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yard"
},
"expansion": "English yard",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰordʰ-os, from *gʰerdʰ-. Cognate with English yard.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gradŭ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "градьць",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "градьнъ",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "градьскъ",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "градъ",
"roman": "gradŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "града",
"roman": "grada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "гради",
"roman": "gradi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "града",
"roman": "grada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "градоу",
"roman": "gradu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "градъ",
"roman": "gradŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градоу",
"roman": "gradu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "градома",
"roman": "gradoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "градомъ",
"roman": "gradomŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градъ",
"roman": "gradŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "града",
"roman": "grada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "градꙑ",
"roman": "grady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градомъ",
"roman": "gradomŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "градома",
"roman": "gradoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "градꙑ",
"roman": "grady",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градѣ",
"roman": "gradě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "градоу",
"roman": "gradu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "градѣхъ",
"roman": "graděxŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "граде",
"roman": "grade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "града",
"roman": "grada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "гради",
"roman": "gradi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ⰳⱃⰰⰴⱏ",
"roman": "gradŭ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Glagolitic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "noun",
"3": "diminutive",
"4": "градьць",
"5": "related adjective",
"6": "градьнъ",
"7": "or",
"8": "градьскъ",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "градъ • (gradŭ) m (diminutive градьць, related adjective градьнъ or градьскъ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"гра",
"дъ"
]
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Church Slavonic terms with collocations",
"Old Church Slavonic terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
16,
20
]
],
"english": "(a man) without home",
"roman": "bez grada",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "без града",
"translation": "(a man) without home",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
16
],
[
17,
21
]
],
"english": "village and town/city",
"roman": "vĭsĭ i gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "вьсь и градъ",
"translation": "village and town/city",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "city of Konya/Iconium",
"roman": "ikoniiskŭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "икониискъ градъ",
"translation": "city of Konya/Iconium",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "city of Isauria",
"roman": "isavrĭskŭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "исаѵрьскъ градъ",
"translation": "city of Isauria",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "city of Constantinople",
"roman": "konstantinʹĭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "константин҄ь градъ",
"translation": "city of Constantinople",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "city of Nicaea",
"roman": "nikʹjeiskŭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "ник҄еискъ градъ",
"translation": "city of Nicaea",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
10
],
[
11,
15
]
],
"english": "Roman town/city",
"roman": "rimĭskŭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "римьскъ градъ",
"translation": "Roman town/city",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
14
],
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "abandoned town/city",
"roman": "pustŭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "поустъ градъ",
"translation": "abandoned town/city",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"english": "imperial seat",
"roman": "cěsarĭ gradŭ",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "цѣсарь градъ",
"translation": "imperial seat",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
31,
36
]
],
"english": "And Jesus went through all the towns and villages",
"ref": "11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 9:35:",
"roman": "῾I proxoždaše is:ŭ grady vĭsę i vĭsi ·",
"text": "῾Ⰺ ⱂⱃⱁⱈⱁⰶⰴⰰⱎⰵ ⰻⱄ҃ⱏ ⰳⱃⰰⰴⱏⰹ ⰲⱐⱄⱔ ⰻ ⰲⱐⱄⰻ ·",
"translation": "And Jesus went through all the towns and villages",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
46,
50
]
],
"english": "he led them by a straight way to an inhabited city",
"ref": "11th century, Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 106:7:",
"roman": "navede ję na pǫtŭ pravŭ • vŭniti vŭ gradŭ obitělĭnŷi",
"text": "(please add the Glagolitic text of this quotation)",
"translation": "he led them by a straight way to an inhabited city",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"town, city (settlement)"
],
"links": [
[
"town",
"town"
],
[
"city",
"city"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "остоꙗниѥ"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Church Slavonic terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "Then the whole town went out to meet Jesus",
"ref": "11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 8:34:",
"roman": "i se vesĭ gradŭ izidǫ protivǫ is:vi",
"text": "ⰺ ⱄⰵ ⰲⰵⱄⱐ ⰳⱃⰰⰴⱏ ⰻⰸⰻⰴⱘ ⱂⱃⱁⱅⰻⰲⱘ ⰻⱄ҃ⰲⰻ ·",
"translation": "Then the whole town went out to meet Jesus",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"town, city (people living in town, city)"
],
"links": [
[
"town",
"town"
],
[
"city",
"city"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Church Slavonic terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
45,
55
]
],
"english": "that Saturninus had a village outside of the city walls",
"ref": "11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 204, line 9:",
"roman": "satorninŭ že iměaše selo vĭně grada",
"text": "саторнинъ же имѣаше село вьнѣ града",
"translation": "that Saturninus had a village outside of the city walls",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"city walls"
],
"links": [
[
"city wall",
"city wall"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Church Slavonic terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
28
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
30
]
],
"english": "Didn’t I see you in the garden?",
"ref": "11th century, Sava's book (in Old Cyrillic), Gospel of John 18:26:",
"roman": "ne azŭ li tę viděxŭ vŭ gradě",
"text": "не азъ ли тѧ видѣхъ въ градѣ",
"translation": "Didn’t I see you in the garden?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"english": "that in the garden there will be no figs or any trees because of the great heat and dryness",
"ref": "11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 301, line 11:",
"roman": "jakože vŭ gradě ni smoky bǫdetŭ· ni dǫbŭ nikakŭže mnogyję radi toploty i suxoty·",
"text": "ꙗкоже въ градѣ ни смокꙑ бѫдетъ· ни дѫбъ никакъже многꙑѧ ради топлотꙑ и соухотꙑ·",
"translation": "that in the garden there will be no figs or any trees because of the great heat and dryness",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"garden, park (outdoor area containing one or more types of plants)"
],
"links": [
[
"garden",
"garden"
],
[
"park",
"park"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "врьтъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrɑdʊ/"
}
],
"word": "градъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Church Slavonic entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Church Slavonic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Church Slavonic hard o-stem nouns",
"Old Church Slavonic lemmas",
"Old Church Slavonic masculine nouns",
"Old Church Slavonic nouns",
"Old Church Slavonic singularia tantum",
"Old Church Slavonic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Church Slavonic terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Church Slavonic terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"cu:Atmospheric phenomena",
"cu:Cities",
"cu:Ice",
"cu:Places",
"cu:Towns",
"cu:Weather"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "grad",
"word": "град"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "grad",
"word": "град"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gràdъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gràdъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gràdъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gràdъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*greh₃d-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grandō"
},
"expansion": "Latin grandō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "grúodas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian grúodas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կարկուտ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gràdъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d-. Cognate with Latin grandō, Lithuanian grúodas and Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gradŭ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "градъ",
"roman": "gradŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "града",
"roman": "grada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градоу",
"roman": "gradu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градъ",
"roman": "gradŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градомъ",
"roman": "gradomŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "градѣ",
"roman": "gradě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "граде",
"roman": "grade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sc": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "градъ • (gradŭ) m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "градъ • (gradŭ) m",
"name": "cu-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"гра",
"дъ"
]
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Church Slavonic terms with quotations",
"cu:Meteorology"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
34,
38
]
],
"english": "he destroyed their vineyards with hail",
"ref": "11th century, Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 77:47:",
"roman": "izbi gradomĭ vina ixŭ",
"text": "(please add the Glagolitic text of this quotation)",
"translation": "he destroyed their vineyards with hail",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hail (balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation)"
],
"links": [
[
"meteorology",
"meteorology"
],
[
"hail",
"hail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(meteorology) hail (balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrɑdʊ/"
}
],
"word": "градъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for градъ meaning in All languages combined (18.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (e2469cc and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.