See вула on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ūlï-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ūlï-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ulumak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish ulumak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "ulamaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani ulamaq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"t": "to connect",
"tr": "ula-"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic [script needed] (ula-, “to connect”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "lesen",
"t": "to gather; to read"
},
"expansion": "German lesen (“to gather; to read”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Jegorov, grown with prothetic в- (v-) from ула (ula, “to howl, cry”), \"the illiterate Chuvash equating reading to howling\". The latter is inherited from Proto-Turkic *ūlï- and is cognate with Turkish ulumak, Azerbaijani ulamaq.\nAlternatively, according to Fedotov, cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (ula-, “to connect”): typologically compare German lesen (“to gather; to read”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vula",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "вула • (vula)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chuvash entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to read"
],
"id": "en-вула-cv-verb-OQnC8LFq",
"links": [
[
"read",
"read"
]
]
}
],
"word": "вула"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "vula",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "вуле",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "вула",
"roman": "vula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вули",
"roman": "vuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вулата",
"roman": "vulata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "вулите",
"roman": "vulite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "вулава",
"roman": "vulava",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вуливе",
"roman": "vulive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "вулана",
"roman": "vulana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вулине",
"roman": "vuline",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вуло",
"roman": "vulo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "вули",
"roman": "vuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "вуле"
},
"expansion": "вула • (vula) f (diminutive вуле)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "вул"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "вулје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "вулине",
"def_dist_sg": "вулана",
"def_prox_pl": "вуливе",
"def_prox_sg": "вулава",
"def_unsp_pl": "вулите",
"def_unsp_sg": "вулата",
"ind_pl": "вули",
"ind_sg": "вула",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "вули",
"voc_sg": "вуло"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flue"
],
"id": "en-вула-mk-noun-bLuJQ2ot",
"links": [
[
"flue",
"flue"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "борија"
},
{
"word": "ќунк"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈvuɫa]"
}
],
"word": "вула"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ūlï-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ūlï-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ulumak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish ulumak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "ulamaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani ulamaq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"t": "to connect",
"tr": "ula-"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic [script needed] (ula-, “to connect”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "lesen",
"t": "to gather; to read"
},
"expansion": "German lesen (“to gather; to read”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Jegorov, grown with prothetic в- (v-) from ула (ula, “to howl, cry”), \"the illiterate Chuvash equating reading to howling\". The latter is inherited from Proto-Turkic *ūlï- and is cognate with Turkish ulumak, Azerbaijani ulamaq.\nAlternatively, according to Fedotov, cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (ula-, “to connect”): typologically compare German lesen (“to gather; to read”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vula",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "вула • (vula)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chuvash entries with incorrect language header",
"Chuvash lemmas",
"Chuvash terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Chuvash terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Chuvash verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Old Turkic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"to read"
],
"links": [
[
"read",
"read"
]
]
}
],
"word": "вула"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "vula",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "вуле",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "вула",
"roman": "vula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вули",
"roman": "vuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вулата",
"roman": "vulata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "вулите",
"roman": "vulite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "вулава",
"roman": "vulava",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вуливе",
"roman": "vulive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "вулана",
"roman": "vulana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вулине",
"roman": "vuline",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вуло",
"roman": "vulo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "вули",
"roman": "vuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "вуле"
},
"expansion": "вула • (vula) f (diminutive вуле)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "вул"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "вулје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "вулине",
"def_dist_sg": "вулана",
"def_prox_pl": "вуливе",
"def_prox_sg": "вулава",
"def_unsp_pl": "вулите",
"def_unsp_sg": "вулата",
"ind_pl": "вули",
"ind_sg": "вула",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "вули",
"voc_sg": "вуло"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 2-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian feminine nouns",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian nouns",
"Macedonian paroxytone terms",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"flue"
],
"links": [
[
"flue",
"flue"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "борија"
},
{
"word": "ќунк"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈvuɫa]"
}
],
"word": "вула"
}
Download raw JSONL data for вула meaning in All languages combined (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.