"χαμαί" meaning in All languages combined

See χαμαί on Wiktionary

Adverb [Ancient Greek]

IPA: /kʰa.mǎi̯/, /xaˈmɛ/, /xaˈme/, /kʰa.mǎi̯/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /kʰaˈmɛ/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /xaˈmɛ/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /xaˈme/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /xaˈme/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan) Forms: χᾰμαί [canonical], khamaí [romanization]
Etymology: From a case form of Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (whence also χθών (khthṓn, “earth”). Ringe identifies this as a fossilized allative/directive (Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂) suffixed with the "hic-et-nunc particle" -i (Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂-i) (also optionally attached to the locative of any noun); if so, then cognate with Old Hittite 𒁖𒈾𒀀 (taknā), which lacks the particle. Ringe adduces this correspondence as evidence for reconstructing the allative for Proto-Indo-European. Compare other cognate forms with the same semantics: Sanskrit क्ष्मया (kṣmayā́), Sanskrit ज्मया (jmayā́) (instrumental), Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā́) (also instrumental), and Sanskrit क्षामि (kṣā́mi), Latin humī (locative). Also compare πάλαι (pálai) and παραί (paraí). Etymology templates: {{cog|ine-pro|*dʰéǵʰōm}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm, {{m|grc|χθών||earth}} χθών (khthṓn, “earth”), {{der|grc|ine-pro|*dʰéǵʰōm|*ǵʰm̥m-éh₂}} Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂, {{der|grc|ine-pro|*dʰéǵʰōm|*ǵʰm̥m-éh₂-i}} Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂-i, {{cog|hit|𒋼𒂊𒃷|𒁖𒈾𒀀|tr=taknā}} Hittite 𒁖𒈾𒀀 (taknā), {{cog|sa|क्षम्|क्ष्मया|tr=kṣmayā́}} Sanskrit क्ष्मया (kṣmayā́), {{cog|sa|क्षम्|ज्मया|tr=jmayā́}} Sanskrit ज्मया (jmayā́), {{cog|sa|क्षम्|क्षमा|tr=kṣamā́}} Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā́), {{cog|sa|क्षम्|क्षामि|tr=kṣā́mi}} Sanskrit क्षामि (kṣā́mi), {{cog|la|humī}} Latin humī, {{m|grc|πάλαι}} πάλαι (pálai), {{m|grc|παραί}} παραί (paraí) Head templates: {{head|grc|adverb|head=χᾰμαί}} χᾰμαί • (khamaí)
  1. on the earth, near the ground
    Sense id: en-χαμαί-grc-adv-m12mu3bY Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 74 26
  2. to the earth/ground
    Sense id: en-χαμαί-grc-adv-IPnLeQhq
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: χᾰμαιάκτη (khamaiáktē), χᾰμαιβάλανος (khamaibálanos), χᾰμαίβατος (khamaíbatos), χᾰμαίγειρον (khamaígeiron), χᾰμαιγηνής (khamaigēnḗs), χᾰμαιδάφνη (khamaidáphnē), χᾰμαιδιδάσκαλος (khamaididáskalos), χᾰμαιδικαστής (khamaidikastḗs), χᾰμαίδρυς (khamaídrus), χᾰμαιεύρετος (khamaieúretos), χᾰμαίζηλος (khamaízēlos), χᾰμαιζυμήτης (khamaizumḗtēs), χᾰμαῖθεν (khamaîthen), χᾰμαίκαυλος (khamaíkaulos), χᾰμαικέρασος (khamaikérasos), χᾰμαίκισσος (khamaíkissos), χᾰμαικλινής (khamaiklinḗs), χᾰμαικοιτέω (khamaikoitéō), χᾰμαικυπάρισσος (khamaikupárissos), χᾰμαίλεος (khamaíleos), χᾰμαιλεύκη (khamaileúkē), χᾰμαιλεχής (khamailekhḗs), χᾰμαιλέων (khamailéōn), χᾰμαιλίβανος (khamailíbanos), χᾰμαίλυκος (khamaílukos), χᾰμαίμηλον (khamaímēlon), χᾰμαιμυρσίνη (khamaimursínē), χᾰμαιμύρτη (khamaimúrtē), χᾰμαιπετέω (khamaipetéō), χᾰμαιπεύκη (khamaipeúkē), χᾰμαίπιτυς (khamaípitus), χᾰμαιπλάτανος (khamaiplátanos), χᾰμαίπους (khamaípous), χᾰμαιράφανος (khamairáphanos), χᾰμαιρεπής (khamairepḗs), χᾰμαίρυτον (khamaíruton), χᾰμαίρωψ (khamaírōps), χᾰμαίστρωτος (khamaístrōtos), χᾰμαισύκη (khamaisúkē), χᾰμαισχιδής (khamaiskhidḗs), χᾰμαιτυπέω (khamaitupéō), χᾰμαριφής (khamariphḗs), χᾰμελαία (khamelaía), χᾰμερπής (khamerpḗs), χᾰμεύνη (khameúnē)

Download JSON data for χαμαί meaning in All languages combined (8.2kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaiáktē",
      "word": "χᾰμαιάκτη"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaibálanos",
      "word": "χᾰμαιβάλανος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaíbatos",
      "word": "χᾰμαίβατος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaígeiron",
      "word": "χᾰμαίγειρον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaigēnḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμαιγηνής"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaidáphnē",
      "word": "χᾰμαιδάφνη"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaididáskalos",
      "word": "χᾰμαιδιδάσκαλος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaidikastḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμαιδικαστής"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaídrus",
      "word": "χᾰμαίδρυς"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaieúretos",
      "word": "χᾰμαιεύρετος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaízēlos",
      "word": "χᾰμαίζηλος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaizumḗtēs",
      "word": "χᾰμαιζυμήτης"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaîthen",
      "word": "χᾰμαῖθεν"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaíkaulos",
      "word": "χᾰμαίκαυλος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaikérasos",
      "word": "χᾰμαικέρασος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaíkissos",
      "word": "χᾰμαίκισσος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaiklinḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμαικλινής"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaikoitéō",
      "word": "χᾰμαικοιτέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaikupárissos",
      "word": "χᾰμαικυπάρισσος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaíleos",
      "word": "χᾰμαίλεος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaileúkē",
      "word": "χᾰμαιλεύκη"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamailekhḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμαιλεχής"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamailéōn",
      "word": "χᾰμαιλέων"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamailíbanos",
      "word": "χᾰμαιλίβανος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaílukos",
      "word": "χᾰμαίλυκος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaímēlon",
      "word": "χᾰμαίμηλον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaimursínē",
      "word": "χᾰμαιμυρσίνη"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaimúrtē",
      "word": "χᾰμαιμύρτη"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaipetéō",
      "word": "χᾰμαιπετέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaipeúkē",
      "word": "χᾰμαιπεύκη"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaípitus",
      "word": "χᾰμαίπιτυς"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaiplátanos",
      "word": "χᾰμαιπλάτανος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaípous",
      "word": "χᾰμαίπους"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamairáphanos",
      "word": "χᾰμαιράφανος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamairepḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμαιρεπής"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaíruton",
      "word": "χᾰμαίρυτον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaírōps",
      "word": "χᾰμαίρωψ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaístrōtos",
      "word": "χᾰμαίστρωτος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaisúkē",
      "word": "χᾰμαισύκη"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaiskhidḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμαισχιδής"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamaitupéō",
      "word": "χᾰμαιτυπέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamariphḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμαριφής"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamelaía",
      "word": "χᾰμελαία"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khamerpḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμερπής"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "khameúnē",
      "word": "χᾰμεύνη"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "hjima",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Albanian: hjima",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Albanian: hjima"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gkm",
            "2": "χάμω"
          },
          "expansion": "Byzantine Greek: χάμω (khámō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Byzantine Greek: χάμω (khámō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "χάμω"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: χάμω (chámo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: χάμω (chámo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "χαμέ"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: χαμέ (chamé)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: χαμέ (chamé) (Cypriot)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "LL.",
            "2": "cama",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Late Latin: cama",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Late Latin: cama (possibly)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "cama"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: cama",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: cama"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "cama"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: cama",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: cama"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dʰéǵʰōm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χθών",
        "3": "",
        "4": "earth"
      },
      "expansion": "χθών (khthṓn, “earth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰéǵʰōm",
        "4": "*ǵʰm̥m-éh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰéǵʰōm",
        "4": "*ǵʰm̥m-éh₂-i"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂-i",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "𒋼𒂊𒃷",
        "3": "𒁖𒈾𒀀",
        "tr": "taknā"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite 𒁖𒈾𒀀 (taknā)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "क्षम्",
        "3": "क्ष्मया",
        "tr": "kṣmayā́"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit क्ष्मया (kṣmayā́)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "क्षम्",
        "3": "ज्मया",
        "tr": "jmayā́"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit ज्मया (jmayā́)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "क्षम्",
        "3": "क्षमा",
        "tr": "kṣamā́"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā́)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "क्षम्",
        "3": "क्षामि",
        "tr": "kṣā́mi"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit क्षामि (kṣā́mi)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "humī"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin humī",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πάλαι"
      },
      "expansion": "πάλαι (pálai)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "παραί"
      },
      "expansion": "παραί (paraí)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a case form of Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (whence also χθών (khthṓn, “earth”). Ringe identifies this as a fossilized allative/directive (Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂) suffixed with the \"hic-et-nunc particle\" -i (Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂-i) (also optionally attached to the locative of any noun); if so, then cognate with Old Hittite 𒁖𒈾𒀀 (taknā), which lacks the particle. Ringe adduces this correspondence as evidence for reconstructing the allative for Proto-Indo-European. Compare other cognate forms with the same semantics: Sanskrit क्ष्मया (kṣmayā́), Sanskrit ज्मया (jmayā́) (instrumental), Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā́) (also instrumental), and Sanskrit क्षामि (kṣā́mi), Latin humī (locative). Also compare πάλαι (pálai) and παραί (paraí).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "χᾰμαί",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "khamaí",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "adverb",
        "head": "χᾰμαί"
      },
      "expansion": "χᾰμαί • (khamaí)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "74 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "on the earth, near the ground"
      ],
      "id": "en-χαμαί-grc-adv-m12mu3bY",
      "links": [
        [
          "earth",
          "earth"
        ],
        [
          "ground",
          "ground"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to the earth/ground"
      ],
      "id": "en-χαμαί-grc-adv-IPnLeQhq"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰa.mǎi̯/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xaˈmɛ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xaˈme/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰa.mǎi̯/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰaˈmɛ/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xaˈmɛ/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xaˈme/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xaˈme/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "χαμαί"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek adverbs",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "khamaiáktē",
      "word": "χᾰμαιάκτη"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaibálanos",
      "word": "χᾰμαιβάλανος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaíbatos",
      "word": "χᾰμαίβατος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaígeiron",
      "word": "χᾰμαίγειρον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaigēnḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμαιγηνής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaidáphnē",
      "word": "χᾰμαιδάφνη"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaididáskalos",
      "word": "χᾰμαιδιδάσκαλος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaidikastḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμαιδικαστής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaídrus",
      "word": "χᾰμαίδρυς"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaieúretos",
      "word": "χᾰμαιεύρετος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaízēlos",
      "word": "χᾰμαίζηλος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaizumḗtēs",
      "word": "χᾰμαιζυμήτης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaîthen",
      "word": "χᾰμαῖθεν"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaíkaulos",
      "word": "χᾰμαίκαυλος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaikérasos",
      "word": "χᾰμαικέρασος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaíkissos",
      "word": "χᾰμαίκισσος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaiklinḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμαικλινής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaikoitéō",
      "word": "χᾰμαικοιτέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaikupárissos",
      "word": "χᾰμαικυπάρισσος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaíleos",
      "word": "χᾰμαίλεος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaileúkē",
      "word": "χᾰμαιλεύκη"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamailekhḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμαιλεχής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamailéōn",
      "word": "χᾰμαιλέων"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamailíbanos",
      "word": "χᾰμαιλίβανος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaílukos",
      "word": "χᾰμαίλυκος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaímēlon",
      "word": "χᾰμαίμηλον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaimursínē",
      "word": "χᾰμαιμυρσίνη"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaimúrtē",
      "word": "χᾰμαιμύρτη"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaipetéō",
      "word": "χᾰμαιπετέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaipeúkē",
      "word": "χᾰμαιπεύκη"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaípitus",
      "word": "χᾰμαίπιτυς"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaiplátanos",
      "word": "χᾰμαιπλάτανος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaípous",
      "word": "χᾰμαίπους"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamairáphanos",
      "word": "χᾰμαιράφανος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamairepḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμαιρεπής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaíruton",
      "word": "χᾰμαίρυτον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaírōps",
      "word": "χᾰμαίρωψ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaístrōtos",
      "word": "χᾰμαίστρωτος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaisúkē",
      "word": "χᾰμαισύκη"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaiskhidḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμαισχιδής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamaitupéō",
      "word": "χᾰμαιτυπέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamariphḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμαριφής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamelaía",
      "word": "χᾰμελαία"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamerpḗs",
      "word": "χᾰμερπής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khameúnē",
      "word": "χᾰμεύνη"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "hjima",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Albanian: hjima",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Albanian: hjima"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gkm",
            "2": "χάμω"
          },
          "expansion": "Byzantine Greek: χάμω (khámō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Byzantine Greek: χάμω (khámō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "χάμω"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: χάμω (chámo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: χάμω (chámo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "χαμέ"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: χαμέ (chamé)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: χαμέ (chamé) (Cypriot)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "LL.",
            "2": "cama",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Late Latin: cama",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Late Latin: cama (possibly)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "cama"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: cama",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: cama"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "cama"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: cama",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: cama"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dʰéǵʰōm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χθών",
        "3": "",
        "4": "earth"
      },
      "expansion": "χθών (khthṓn, “earth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰéǵʰōm",
        "4": "*ǵʰm̥m-éh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰéǵʰōm",
        "4": "*ǵʰm̥m-éh₂-i"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂-i",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "𒋼𒂊𒃷",
        "3": "𒁖𒈾𒀀",
        "tr": "taknā"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite 𒁖𒈾𒀀 (taknā)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "क्षम्",
        "3": "क्ष्मया",
        "tr": "kṣmayā́"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit क्ष्मया (kṣmayā́)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "क्षम्",
        "3": "ज्मया",
        "tr": "jmayā́"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit ज्मया (jmayā́)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "क्षम्",
        "3": "क्षमा",
        "tr": "kṣamā́"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā́)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "क्षम्",
        "3": "क्षामि",
        "tr": "kṣā́mi"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit क्षामि (kṣā́mi)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "humī"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin humī",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πάλαι"
      },
      "expansion": "πάλαι (pálai)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "παραί"
      },
      "expansion": "παραί (paraí)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a case form of Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (whence also χθών (khthṓn, “earth”). Ringe identifies this as a fossilized allative/directive (Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂) suffixed with the \"hic-et-nunc particle\" -i (Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂-i) (also optionally attached to the locative of any noun); if so, then cognate with Old Hittite 𒁖𒈾𒀀 (taknā), which lacks the particle. Ringe adduces this correspondence as evidence for reconstructing the allative for Proto-Indo-European. Compare other cognate forms with the same semantics: Sanskrit क्ष्मया (kṣmayā́), Sanskrit ज्मया (jmayā́) (instrumental), Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā́) (also instrumental), and Sanskrit क्षामि (kṣā́mi), Latin humī (locative). Also compare πάλαι (pálai) and παραί (paraí).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "χᾰμαί",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "khamaí",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "adverb",
        "head": "χᾰμαί"
      },
      "expansion": "χᾰμαί • (khamaí)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "on the earth, near the ground"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "earth",
          "earth"
        ],
        [
          "ground",
          "ground"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to the earth/ground"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰa.mǎi̯/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xaˈmɛ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xaˈme/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰa.mǎi̯/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰaˈmɛ/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xaˈmɛ/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xaˈme/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xaˈme/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "χαμαί"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.